Fiber-optic kev sib txuas lus (FTTx) yeej ib txwm tau suav hais tias yog txoj kev vam meej tshaj plaws broadband nkag tau tom qab DSL broadband nkag.Tsis zoo li kev sib txuas lus sib tw sib tw, nws muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm loj dua (yuav ua tau raws li cov neeg siv yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom haum rau bandwidth ntawm 10-100Mbps), tsis tshua muaj zog, tsis muaj hluav taws xob cuam tshuam, muaj zog tiv thaiv hluav taws xob mem tes muaj peev xwm, kev ceev ntiag tug thiab yog li ntawd.
Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) suav nrog ntau hom kev nkag tau xws li FTTP (Fiber rau qhov Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fiber rau Lub Tsev, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fiber rau Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN (Fiber mus rau lub zej zog, FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fiber to the Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fiber to Office, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH (Fiber to the home or Fiber to the home, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau fiber ntau nkag mus rau hauv tsev ncaj qha
Rau ntau tus neeg siv hauv tsev, FTTH yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.Daim ntawv no tuaj yeem txuas kho qhov muag fiber ntau thiab optical network unit (ONU) ncaj qha rau hauv tsev.Nws yog ntau hom kev siv fiber ntau tsuas yog FTTD (fiber rau desktop, FiberToTheDesk).Daim ntawv ntawm kev siv fiber ntau uas nyob ze rau tus neeg siv.Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv ntawm fiber ntau nkag mus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tam sim no FTTH broadband nkag tsis tau tsuas yog xa mus rau fiber ntau hauv tsev, thiab feem ntau tau xa mus rau ntau yam fiber ntau. -rau-tus-tsev cov ntaub ntawv xws li FTTO, FTTD, thiab FTTN.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tam sim no "FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN)" broadband access scheme hauv kev nkag siab FTTH.FTTx + LAN yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem broadband uas siv "100Mbps rau ntawm tes lossis lub tsev, 1 -10Mbps rau hauv tsev" siv fiber ntau +5 twisted khub hom - hloov thiab hloov chaw ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab thiab chav tsev kho qhov muag (ONU) Txuas, lub xov tooj ntawm tes siv Qeb 5 twisted khub cabling, thiab tus neeg siv tus nqi nkag tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1-10Mbps.
Tsis zoo li ib tsev neeg tshwj xeeb bandwidth scheme ntawm FTTH, bandwidth ntawm FTTx + LAN yog sib koom los ntawm ntau tus neeg siv lossis tsev neeg.Thaum muaj ntau tus neeg siv sib koom, bandwidth lossis network ceev ntawm FTTx + LAN yog qhov nyuaj rau lav.
FTTH technical standard
Tam sim no, nws zoo nkaus li tias bandwidth-exclusive ADSL2+ thiab FTTH tau dhau los ua tus qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav dav dav hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.In the technology of FTTH, tom qab APON (ATMPON), tam sim no muaj GPON (GigabitPON) tus qauv tsim los ntawm ITU / FSAN, thiab ob tus qauv ntawm EPON (EthernetPON) tsim los ntawm IEEE802.3ah pawg neeg ua haujlwm tau sib tw.
GPON thev naus laus zis yog lub cim tshiab broadband passive optical kev nkag mus rau tus qauv raws li ITU-TG.984.x tus qauv.Qhov muaj bandwidth yog hais txog 1111 Mbit / s.Txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim, nws muaj cov bandwidth siab, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev pabcuam loj thiab cov neeg siv.Qhov zoo ntawm kev nplua nuj interfaces raug txiav txim siab los ntawm qee tus neeg ua haujlwm nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas ua cov thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv broadband kev pabcuam network.
EPON cov tshuaj muaj qhov zoo scalability thiab tuaj yeem paub ntau yam ntawm fiber ntau rau hauv tsev
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) kuj yog ib hom tshiab ntawm fiber ntau siv network technology.Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uplink kis tau tus mob bandwidth yog 1000 Mbit / s.Nws txais cov qauv point-to-multipoint thiab passive optical fiber kis tau tus mob, thiab tuaj yeem muab ntau yam ntawm Ethernet.Kev lag luam sib txuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm PON thev naus laus zis thiab Ethernet thev naus laus zis, suav nrog tus nqi qis, siab bandwidth, muaj zog scalability, zoo sib xws nrog Ethernet uas twb muaj lawm, thiab kev tswj tau yooj yim.Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv Asia, xws li Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv.Ntau dua.
Tsis muaj teeb meem twg PON fiber ntau yog tsim los ntawm OLT (Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), POS (Passive Optical Splitter), ONU (Optical Network Unit) thiab nws cov kev tswj hwm network .Cov khoom no tau teeb tsa los ntawm ISP installer thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa, thiab cov neeg siv hauv tsev lawv tus kheej feem ntau tsis muaj cov xwm txheej los teeb tsa lawv tus kheej.
FTTH layout
Hais txog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, OLT tau muab tso rau ntawm ISP lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas, kev tswj hwm, thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov channel tswj.Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev sib kis ntawm OLT thiab ONU tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10-20km lossis ntau dua.OLT muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv los ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txhua ONU thiab OLT, thiab raws li, ONU tau qhia kom kho nws cov teeb liab xa mus qeeb kom sib txawv.Cov teeb liab kis tau los ntawm ONUs ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tuaj yeem raug muab sib txuas ua ke ntawm OLT.OLT cov cuab yeej feem ntau kuj muaj kev faib tawm bandwidth, uas tuaj yeem faib cov bandwidth tshwj xeeb los ntawm OLT raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ONU.Ntxiv mus, OLT ntaus ntawv muaj qhov taw tes-rau-ntau lub hub feature, thiab OLT tuaj yeem nqa 32 ONUs (thiab tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv tom qab), thiab tag nrho ONUs nyob rau hauv txhua OLT qhia 1G bandwidth los ntawm lub sijhawm faib multiplexing, uas yog, txhua ONU tuaj yeem muab sab sauv thiab qis Qhov siab tshaj plaws bandwidth yog 1 Gbps.
POS passive fiber ntau splitter, splitter lossis splitter, yog ib qho khoom siv passive uas txuas OLT thiab ONU.Nws txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau faib cov tswv yim (kem hauv qab) kho qhov muag teeb liab rau ntau qhov chaw tso zis, ua rau ntau tus neeg siv rau Ib qho fiber ntau sib koom los qhia cov bandwidth;nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia upstream, ntau ONU optical signals yog lub sij hawm-division multiplexed rau hauv ib fiber.
ONU feem ntau muaj 1-32 100M chaw nres nkoj thiab tuaj yeem txuas nrog ntau lub network terminals
ONU yog ib lub cuab yeej siv los ntawm UE kom nkag mus rau tus neeg siv kawg lossis kev hloov hauv txoj kev.Ib qho kev kho qhov muag fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua lub sijhawm-multiplex cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau ONUs mus rau ib qho chaw nres nkoj OLT los ntawm passive optical splitter.Vim qhov taw tes-rau-multipoint ntoo topology, kev nqis peev ntawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke yog txo, thiab qib network kuj tseem pom tseeb dua. .Feem ntau ONU li muaj qee yam kev hloov pauv.Lub uplink interface yog PON interface.Nws txuas nrog lub rooj sib tham interface ntawm OLT ntaus ntawv los ntawm passive optical splitter.Lub downlink txuas nrog 1-32 100-Gigabit lossis Gigabit RJ45 chaw nres nkoj.Cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom siv, xws li cov keyboards, broadband routers, khoos phis tawj, IP xov tooj, lub thawv teeb tsa, thiab lwm yam, pab kom xa mus rau ntau qhov chaw.
Yuav ua li cas sib txuas hauv tsev neeg
Feem ntau, FTTH rau ONU cov cuab yeej ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg yuav muab tsawg kawg yog plaub 100M RJ45 interfaces.Rau cov neeg siv uas muaj plaub lub khoos phis tawj txuas nrog wired network cards, lawv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau lub khoos phis tawj sib koom siv Internet hauv tsev.Tsis tas li ntawd, rau FTTH tes hauj lwm siv dynamic IP, cov neeg siv kuj tuaj yeem txuas rau cov keyboards lossis wireless APs rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab wireless raws li xav tau.
Tam sim no broadband routers tuaj yeem txhawb nqa FTTH kev daws teeb meem zoo
Rau FTTH terminals uas tsuas yog muab 100M RJ45 interface siv tus IP ruaj khov, lawv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm lub router broadband lossis wireless router. WAN chaw nres nkoj kev twb kev txuas hom li "zoo li qub IP" hom, thiab ces nkag mus rau tus IP chaw nyob thiab subnet muab los ntawm ISP nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no interface.Lub npog ntsej muag, rooj vag thiab DNS chaw nyob yog txhua yam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg siv ntawm kev yuav broadband routers lossis wireless routers yuav tsum siv nws los ua qhov hloov lossis wireless AP hauv FTTH network.Ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no thaum teeb tsa: Txhawm rau siv cov xaim router ua qhov hloov pauv lossis wireless AP, ntxig cov twisted khub ntsaws los ntawm ONU ntaus ntawv ncaj qha rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas hauv router lub chaw nres nkoj LAN.Hauv nplooj ntawv tswj hwm ntawm lub router, tua lub DHCP neeg rau zaub mov muaj nuj nqi qhib los ntawm lub neej ntawd.Set IP chaw nyob ntawm router thiab ONU ntaus ntawv siv dynamic IP raws li tib lub network ntu.
Txij li thaum siv fiber ntau muab kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv, Fiber rau Lub Tsev (FTTH) yog lub npe hu ua "tus huab tais" ntawm lub sijhawm broadband thiab yog lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm kev loj hlob broadband.Tom qab cov fiber ntau xa tuaj rau hauv tsev, tus neeg siv Internet ceev tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua ntxiv.Nws siv sijhawm li ob peb feeb xwb los rub tawm 500MB DVD movie, uas yog kaum npaug sai dua li cov tshuaj ADSL tam sim no.Nrog kev txo qis ntawm tus nqi ntawm FTTH erection, lub teeb rau hauv tsev yog txav los ntawm kev npau suav mus rau qhov tseeb.