Ko te ingoa katoa o te kōwae whatuwhakawhiti whatu, he taputapu nui i roto i te punaha korero muka whatu.Kei a ia te kawenga mo te huri i te tohu whatu kua riro hei tohu hiko, te huri ranei i te tohu hiko whakauru ki te tohu whatu pumau i te reiti e rite ana.
Ko tekōwae whatu he mea tito i nga taputapu optoelectronic, iahiko mahi me nga atanga whatu.Ko nga taputapu optoelectronic e rua nga waahanga: te tuku (TOSA) me te tango (ROSA).
Ko nga tawhā hangarau matua o te kōwae whatu ko te mana whatu whakawhiti toharite, ōwehenga ngaronga, te whiwhi tairongo, me te mana whatu kukū.
1. Ko te toharite o te mana whatu tuku e tohu ana ki te tikanga tatau o te mana whatu ina 1 te arorau tohu me te mana whatu ina 0.
2. Ko te ōwehenga ngaro e pā ana ki te ōwehenga o te kaha whatu tuku toharite o nga waehere "1" katoa ki te mana whatu tuku toharite o nga tohu "0" katoa.Ka pa ki te aro o te whiwhi.Me whakahaere te ōwehenga mate i roto i te awhe whaitake.Ko te nui o te matemate he pai ki te whakaiti i te whiunga Mana, engari he nui rawa ka piki ake te jitter e pa ana ki te tauira o te laser.
3. Ko te whakaraeraetanga e pa ana ki te tepe iti ka taea e te mutunga whiwhi te tohu.Ina he iti ake te kaha tohu o te mutunga whiwhi i te tairongo whiwhi paerewa, kaore te mutunga whiwhi e whiwhi raraunga.
4. Ko te uara mana whatu kukū e pā ana ki te mana whatu kaha kitea i te pito whiwhi o te kōwae whatu, te tikanga -3dBm.Ka nui ake te mana whatu kua riro i te mana whatu kukū, ka puta ano nga hapa moka.Na reira, ki te whakamatauhia te waahanga whatu me te kaha o te hiko whakawhiti teitei me te kore he attenuation me te takahuri, ka puta nga hapa moka.
