Kulankhulana kwa Fiber-Optic (FTTx) nthawi zonse kumawonedwa ngati njira yodalirika kwambiri yopezera burodibandi pambuyo pa mwayi wofikira ku DSL.Mosiyana ndi kuyankhulana kopotoka wamba, imakhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba ogwiritsira ntchito komanso mphamvu yayikulu (itha kutengera ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amafunikira kukweza mpaka 10-100Mbps), kutsika pang'ono, kusokoneza kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, kutha kwamphamvu kwa anti-electromagnetic pulse, chinsinsi chabwino komanso zina zotero.
Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolowera monga FTTP (Fiber to the Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fiber to Building, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fiber to Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN (Fiber to the Neighborhood, FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fiber to the Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fiber to Office, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH (Fiber to the Home kapena Fiber to Home, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri kuti CHIKWANGWANI chilowe mnyumba molunjika
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri apanyumba, FTTH ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri.Fomu iyi imatha kulumikiza ma fiber optical ndi optical network unit (ONU) mwachindunji kunyumba.Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma fiber burodibandi kupatula FTTD (fiber to desktop, FiberToTheDesk).Mawonekedwe a CHIKWANGWANI omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.Ndi kufalikira kwa mawonekedwe a fiber burodibandi kupeza, tisaiwale kuti panopa FTTH burodibandi kupeza samangotanthauza CHIKWANGWANI kunyumba, ndipo zambiri anatchula CHIKWANGWANI zosiyanasiyana. -Kufikira kunyumba mafomu monga FTTO, FTTD, ndi FTTN.
Kuonjezera apo, owerenga ayenera kumvetsera kusiyana pakati pa ndondomeko yamakono ya "FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN)" yomwe ilipo panopa pakumvetsetsa FTTH.FTTx + LAN ndi njira yopezera burodibandi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito "100Mbps ku selo kapena nyumba, 1 -10Mbps kunyumba "pogwiritsa ntchito fiber + 5 yopotoka pawiri mode - kusintha ndi central office switch and optical network unit (ONU) Yolumikizidwa, selo limagwiritsa ntchito Category 5 yopotoka pair cabling, ndipo mlingo wogwiritsa ntchito wosuta ukhoza kufika 1-10Mbps.
Mosiyana ndi dongosolo la bandwidth la banja limodzi la FTTH, bandwidth ya FTTx + LAN imagawidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito angapo kapena mabanja.Pakakhala ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri omwe amagawana nawo, bandwidth kapena liwiro la network la FTTx + LAN ndizovuta kutsimikizira.
FTTH luso muyezo
Pakali pano, zikuwoneka kuti bandwidth-yokha ADSL2 + ndi FTTH akhala mchitidwe waukulu wa burodibandi chitukuko m'tsogolo.Mu luso la FTTH, pambuyo APON (ATMPON), pali panopa GPON (GigabitPON) muyezo opangidwa ndi ITU/ FSAN, ndi miyezo iwiri ya EPON (EthernetPON) yopangidwa ndi IEEE802.3ah ogwira ntchito akupikisana.
Ukadaulo wa GPON ndi mulingo watsopano wa burodibandi passive optical Integrated access standard yotengera mulingo wa ITU-TG.984.x.Bandiwifi yomwe ilipo ndi pafupifupi 1111 Mbit / s.Ngakhale kuti teknolojiyi ndi yovuta, imakhala ndi bandwidth yapamwamba, yogwira ntchito kwambiri, kuphimba kwakukulu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.Ubwino wa ma interfaces olemera amawonedwa ndi ena ogwira ntchito ku Europe ndi America ngati matekinoloje abwino ogwiritsira ntchito maukonde a Broadband.
Yankho la EPON lili ndi scalability yabwino ndipo limatha kuzindikira njira zingapo zoyambira kunyumba
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) ndi mtundu watsopano waukadaulo waukadaulo wama fiber access network.Kutumiza kwamphamvu kwa uplink ndi 1000 Mbit / s.Imatengera kapangidwe ka point-to-multipoint komanso kufala kwa fiber fiber, ndipo imatha kupereka mitundu ingapo pa Ethernet.Bizinesiyo imaphatikiza zabwino zaukadaulo wa PON ndi ukadaulo wa Efaneti, wokhala ndi mtengo wotsika, bandwidth yayikulu, scalability yamphamvu, yogwirizana bwino ndi Ethernet yomwe ilipo, komanso kasamalidwe kosavuta.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Asia, monga China ndi Japan.Zambiri.
Ziribe kanthu kuti PON fiber system imapangidwa ndi OLT (Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), POS (Passive Optical Splitter), ONU (Optical Network Unit) ndi makina ake oyang'anira maukonde .Zigawozi zimayikidwa ndi ISP installer panthawi ya kukhazikitsa, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba nthawi zambiri alibe mikhalidwe yoti adzikhazikitse okha.
Chithunzi cha FTTH
Ponena za ntchito zapadera, OLT imayikidwa ku ofesi yapakati ya ISP ndipo ili ndi udindo wogwirizanitsa, kuyang'anira, ndi kukonza njira yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kake.Kutalikirana kwapakati pakati pa OLT ndi ONU kumatha kufika 10-20km kapena kuposa.OLT ili ndi ntchito yoyambira kuyesa mtunda womveka pakati pa ONU iliyonse ndi OLT, ndipo motero, ONU imalangizidwa kuti isinthe kuchedwa kwake kwa kufalitsa chizindikiro kuti ikhale yosiyana.Zizindikiro zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi ONU za mtunda zimatha kuchulukitsidwa molondola pazida za OLT.OLT nthawi zambiri zimakhalanso ndi ntchito yogawa bandwidth, yomwe imatha kugawa bandwidth yeniyeni ndi OLT malinga ndi zosowa za ONU.Kuphatikiza apo, chipangizo cha OLT chili ndi mawonekedwe a point-to-multipoint hub, ndipo OLT imatha kunyamula ma ONU 32 (ndipo imatha kukulitsidwa pambuyo pake), ndipo ma ONU onse pansi pa OLT iliyonse amagawana bandwidth ya 1G kudzera pakugawa nthawi, ndiko kuti, ONU iliyonse imatha perekani pamwamba ndi pansi Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 1 Gbps.
POS passive fiber splitter, chogawanitsa kapena chogawa, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimalumikiza OLT ndi ONU.Ntchito yake ndikugawira zolowetsa (zotsika) zowunikira zowunikira ku madoko angapo otulutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito angapo ku One fiber amagawana nawo bandwidth;polowera kumtunda, ma siginecha angapo a ONU amagawika nthawi kuti akhale ulusi umodzi.
ONU nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi madoko a 1-32 100M ndipo imatha kulumikizidwa ndi ma terminals osiyanasiyana
The ONU ndi chipangizo chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi UE kuti apeze wogwiritsa ntchito mapeto kapena kusintha kwa corridor.Ulusi umodzi wa kuwala ukhoza nthawi-kuchulukitsa deta ya ma ONU angapo ku doko limodzi la OLT kupyolera mu splitter optical. .Zipangizo zambiri za ONU zili ndi ntchito zina zosinthira.Mawonekedwe a uplink ndi mawonekedwe a PON.Imalumikizidwa ndi bolodi la mawonekedwe a chipangizo cha OLT kudzera pagawo lopanda kuwala.Kutsika kumalumikizidwa kudzera pa 1-32 100-Gigabit kapena Gigabit RJ45 madoko.Zida za data, monga masiwichi, ma routers a broadband, makompyuta, mafoni a IP, mabokosi apamwamba, ndi zina zotero, zimathandiza kuti ma point-to-multipoint deployment.
Momwe mungalumikizire m'banja
Nthawi zambiri, FTTH ku zida za ONU za terminal zidzapereka mawonekedwe osachepera anayi 100M RJ45.Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi makompyuta anayi olumikizidwa ndi makhadi ochezera a waya, amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamakompyuta angapo omwe amagawana intaneti mnyumbamo.Kuphatikiza apo, pa maukonde a FTTH pogwiritsa ntchito IP yosinthika, ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kulumikizana ndi masiwichi kapena ma AP opanda zingwe kuti akulitse mawayilesi opanda zingwe komanso opanda zingwe ngati pakufunika.
Ma routers amakono a burodibandi amatha kuthandizira njira zopezera FTTH
Kwa ma terminals a FTTH omwe amangopereka mawonekedwe a 100M RJ45 pogwiritsa ntchito IP yokhazikika, amatha kuwonjezedwa ndi rauta ya burodibandi kapena rauta opanda zingwe. Mtundu wolumikizira doko wa WAN ngati "static IP" mode, ndiyeno lowetsani adilesi ya IP ndi subnet yoperekedwa ndi ISP pamawonekedwe otsatirawa.Chigoba, chipata ndi adilesi ya DNS zili bwino.
Komanso, ogwiritsa anagula burodibandi routers kapena opanda zingwe rauta ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati lophimba kapena opanda zingwe AP mu maukonde FTTH.Samalirani mfundo zotsatirazi pokhazikitsa: Kuti mugwiritse ntchito rauta ngati chosinthira kapena AP yopanda zingwe, ikani pulagi yopotoka kuchokera pa chipangizo cha ONU mwachindunji mu mawonekedwe aliwonse padoko la LAN la rauta.Patsamba loyang'anira rauta, zimitsani ntchito ya seva ya DHCP yotsegulidwa mwachisawawa.Khazikitsani adilesi ya IP ya rauta ndi chipangizo cha ONU pogwiritsa ntchito IP yamphamvu monga gawo la netiweki lomwelo.
Popeza fiber access imapereka bandwidth yopanda malire, Fiber to the Home (FTTH) imadziwika kuti "mfumu" ya nthawi ya Broadband ndipo ndicho cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko cha Broadband.Chingwecho chikaperekedwa kunyumba, liwiro la intaneti la wogwiritsa ntchito litha kuwonjezekanso kwambiri.Zimangotenga masekondi angapo kuti mutsitse kanema wa DVD wa 500MB, womwe ndi wothamanga kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa yankho la ADSL lomwe lilipo pano.Ndi kutsika kosalekeza kwa mtengo wa FTTH erection, kuwala kwa nyumba kukusuntha kuchoka kumaloto kupita ku zenizeni.