Itumanaho rya fibre-optique (FTTx) yamye ifatwa nkuburyo bwizewe bwogukoresha umurongo mugari nyuma ya DSL yagutse.Bitandukanye n’itumanaho risanzwe rihindagurika, rifite inshuro nyinshi zo gukora nubushobozi bunini (birashobora gushingira kubakoresha bakeneye kuzamura umurongo mugari wa 10-100Mbps), kutitonda cyane, nta guhuza amashanyarazi gukomeye, imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya amashanyarazi, ibanga ryiza na n'ibindi.
Itumanaho rya Fibre Broadband (FTTx) ririmo uburyo butandukanye bwo kugera nka FTTP isanzwe (Fibre to the Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fibre to Building, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fibre to Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fibre to Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fibre to Office, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH (Fibre to Home cyangwa Fibre to Home, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH ni amahitamo meza ya fibre yinjira murugo bitaziguye
Kubakoresha urugo benshi, FTTH niyo guhitamo neza.Iyi fomu irashobora guhuza fibre optique hamwe numuyoboro wa optique (ONU) murugo.Nuburyo butandukanye bwa fibre yagutse usibye FTTD (fibre kuri desktop, FiberToTheDesk).Uburyo bwo kubona fibre yegereye uyikoresha. Hamwe noguhuza uburyo bwo kubona umurongo mugari wa fibre, twakagombye kumenya ko uburyo bwagutse bwa FTTH butagaragaza gusa fibre murugo, kandi muri rusange bwerekanaga fibre zitandukanye. -kugera murugo urupapuro rwinjira nka FTTO, FTTD, na FTTN.
Byongeye kandi, umusomyi agomba kwitondera itandukaniro riri hagati yubu "FTTx + LAN (fibre + LAN)" gahunda yo kubona umurongo mugari mugusobanukirwa FTTH.FTTx + LAN nigisubizo cyagutse cyagutse gishyira mubikorwa "100Mbps kumaselire cyangwa inyubako, 1 -10Mbps murugo ”ukoresheje fibre +5 ihindagurika yuburyo bubiri - guhinduranya na biro nkuru yo hagati hamwe na optique ya neti ya optique (ONU) Ihujwe, selile ikoresha icyiciro cya 5 cyahinduwe kabili, kandi igipimo cyabakoresha gishobora kugera kuri 1-10Mbps.
Bitandukanye numuryango umwe wihariye umurongo wa FTTH, umurongo wa FTTx + LAN usangiwe nabakoresha cyangwa imiryango myinshi.Iyo hari abakoresha benshi basangiye, umurongo wa interineti cyangwa umuvuduko wa FTTx + LAN biragoye kubyemeza.
FTTH igipimo cya tekiniki
Kugeza ubu, birasa nkaho umurongo mugari wa ADSL2 + na FTTH wabaye inzira nyamukuru yo guteza imbere umurongo mugari mugihe kizaza.Mu ikoranabuhanga rya FTTH, nyuma ya APON (ATMPON), kuri ubu hariho igipimo cya GPON (GigabitPON) cyakozwe na ITU / FSAN, hamwe nibipimo bibiri bya EPON (EthernetPON) byateguwe nitsinda rya IEEE802.3ah rirahatana.
Ikoranabuhanga rya GPON nigisekuru gishya mugari mugari wa pasiporo optique ihuriweho hamwe ishingiye kuri ITU-TG.984.x.Umuyoboro uhari ni 1111 Mbit / s.Nubwo tekinoroji igoye, ifite umurongo mwinshi, gukora neza, gukwirakwiza no kubakoresha.Ibyiza bya interineti ikungahaye bifatwa nabakozi bamwe bo muburayi nabanyamerika nkikoranabuhanga ryiza rya serivise yagutse ya serivise.
Igisubizo cya EPON gifite ubunini bwiza kandi burashobora kumenya uburyo butandukanye bwa fibre-murugo
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) nayo ni ubwoko bushya bwa tekinoroji ya fibre.Umuyoboro mwiza wo gukwirakwiza ni 1000 Mbit / s.Ifata ingingo-kuri-kugwiza imiterere no gukwirakwiza fibre optique, kandi irashobora gutanga ubwoko bwinshi kuri Ethernet.Ubucuruzi bukomatanya ibyiza byikoranabuhanga rya PON nubuhanga bwa Ethernet, bugaragaza igiciro gito, umurongo mwinshi, ubunini bukomeye, guhuza neza na Ethernet ihari, hamwe nubuyobozi bworoshye.Ikoreshwa muri Aziya, nk'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani.Byagutse.
Ntakibazo sisitemu ya fibre ya PON igizwe na OLT (Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), POS (Passive Optical Splitter), ONU (Optical Network Unit) hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga imiyoboro .Ibice byashyizweho nubushakashatsi bwa ISP mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, n'abakoresha urugo ubwabo muri rusange nta bisabwa bafite byo kwishyiriraho ubwabo.
Imiterere ya FTTH
Kubijyanye n'imikorere yihariye, OLT ishyirwa ku biro bikuru bya ISP kandi ishinzwe guhuza, gucunga, no gufata neza umuyoboro ugenzura. Intera ntarengwa yo kohereza hagati ya OLT na ONU irashobora kugera kuri kilometero 10-20 cyangwa zirenga.OLT ifite imikorere iringaniye kugirango igerageze intera yumvikana hagati ya buri ONU na OLT, kandi, ONU, isabwa guhindura itinda ryayo ryo gutinda kugirango itandukanye.Ibimenyetso byoherejwe na ONU yintera birashobora kugwizwa neza hamwe kubikoresho bya OLT.OLT mubusanzwe nabyo bifite ibikorwa byo kugabura umurongo, bishobora kugenera umurongo wihariye na OLT ukurikije ibikenewe na ONU.Byongeye kandi, igikoresho cya OLT gifite point-to-multipoint hub ibiranga, kandi OLT irashobora gutwara 32 ONU (kandi irashobora kwagurwa nyuma), kandi ONU zose munsi ya buri OLT zisangira umurongo wa 1G mugihe cyo kugabana igihe, ni ukuvuga, buri ONU irashobora tanga hejuru no hepfo Umuyoboro ntarengwa ni 1 Gbps.
POS pasive fibre itandukanya, itandukanya cyangwa igabanya, ni igikoresho cyoroshye gihuza OLT na ONU.Igikorwa cyayo ni ugukwirakwiza ibyinjijwe (kumanuka) ibimenyetso bya optique kumasoko menshi asohoka, bigafasha abakoresha benshi kuri fibre imwe isangiwe gusangira umurongo;mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru, ibimenyetso byinshi bya ONU optique nibihe-bigabanijwe bigizwe na fibre imwe.
ONU muri rusange ifite ibyambu 1-32 100M kandi irashobora guhuzwa na terefone zitandukanye
ONU ni igikoresho gikoreshwa na UE kugirango ugere kumukoresha wa nyuma cyangwa koridor ihinduka.Fibre optique imwe irashobora igihe-kugwiza amakuru ya ONU nyinshi kumurongo umwe wa OLT binyuze mumashanyarazi ya optique. Bitewe na point-to-multipoint igiti topologiya, ishoramari ryibikoresho byo guteranya riragabanuka, kandi urwego rwurusobe narwo rusobanutse neza .Ibikoresho byinshi bya ONU bifite imikorere imwe yo guhindura.Interineti ya uplink ni interineti ya PON.Ihujwe ninteruro yimbere yububiko bwa OLT ibinyujije muri optique ya optique.Kumanuka bihujwe binyuze kuri 1-32 100-Gigabit cyangwa Gigabit RJ45.Ibikoresho byamakuru, nka swatch, umurongo mugari wa mudasobwa, mudasobwa, terefone ya IP, gushyira hejuru-agasanduku, nibindi, bituma ingingo-kuri-nyinshi.
Uburyo bwo guhuza umuryango
Muri rusange, FTTH kubikoresho bya ONU bya terminal bizatanga byibuze bine 100M RJ45.Kubakoresha bafite mudasobwa enye zahujwe namakarita y'urusobekerane, barashobora guhaza ibikenewe bya mudasobwa nyinshi zisangira interineti murugo.Mubyongeyeho, kumiyoboro ya FTTH ukoresheje IP ifite imbaraga, abayikoresha barashobora kandi guhuza na switch cyangwa APs idafite umugozi kugirango bagure imiyoboro ya insinga kandi idafite umugozi nkuko bikenewe.
Imiyoboro ya Broadband igezweho irashobora gushyigikira byimazeyo ibisubizo bya FTTH
Kuri terminal ya FTTH itanga gusa interineti ya 100M RJ45 ukoresheje IP ihamye, irashobora kwagurwa numuyoboro mugari cyangwa umurongo utagira umugozi.Mu miterere, gusa muri WEB igenamigambi ya router, shakisha uburyo bwa "WAN port", hitamo Ubwoko bwa WAN ihuza ubwoko bwa "static IP", hanyuma wandike IP adresse na subnet yatanzwe na ISP muburyo bukurikira.Mask, amarembo na aderesi ya DNS byose ni byiza.
Mubyongeyeho, abakoresha umurongo mugari waguzwe cyangwa umurongo utagira umugozi bagomba kugikoresha nka switch cyangwa AP idafite umuyoboro wa FTTH.Witondere ingingo zikurikira mugihe ushyiraho: Kugira ngo ukoreshe umurongo wa wire nka switch cyangwa simsiz AP, shyiramo ibyuma byahinduwe biva mubikoresho bya ONU muburyo butaziguye muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose ku cyambu cya LAN.Kurupapuro rwimicungire ya router, uzimye imikorere ya seriveri ya DHCP yafunguwe kubisanzwe. Shyira IP adresse ya router hamwe nigikoresho cya ONU ukoresheje IP ifite imbaraga nkigice kimwe cyurusobe.
Kubera ko fibre igera itanga umurongo utagira imipaka, Fibre to Home (FTTH) izwi nk "umwami" wo mugihe cyagutse kandi niyo ntego nyamukuru yo guteza imbere umurongo mugari.Fibre imaze kugezwa murugo, umuvuduko wumukoresha wa interineti urashobora kongera kwiyongera cyane.Bifata amasegonda make kugirango ukuremo firime ya DVD 500MB, yihuta inshuro icumi kurenza igisubizo cya ADSL.Hamwe no gukomeza kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho FTTH, urumuri rugana murugo rugenda ruva mu nzozi rugana mubyukuri.