I-Fiber-optic communication(FTTx) ibisoloko ithathwa njengeyona ndlela ithembisayo yokufikelela kwibroadband emva kokufikelela kwibroadband ye-DSL.Ngokungafaniyo nonxibelelwano olujijekileyo oluqhelekileyo, inomsebenzi ophezulu wokusebenza kunye nomthamo omkhulu (unokusekwe kubasebenzisi abafuna ukuphuculwa ukuya kwi-bandwidth ekhethekileyo ye-10-100Mbps), ukuthomalalisa okuncinci, akukho kuphazamiseka kombane okunamandla, amandla e-anti-electromagnetic pulse, imfihlo elungileyo kunye njalo njalo.
I-Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) ibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela kwiifomathi ezifana ne-FTTP eqhelekileyo (i-Fiber kwi-Presise, i-FiberToThePremise), i-FTTB (i-Fiber kwi-Building, i-FiberToTheBuilding), i-FTTC (i-Fiber ukuya kwi-Roadside, i-FiberToTheCurb), i-FTTN (i-Fiber ukuya kwi-Neighbourhood, I-FiberToTheNeighborhood), i-FTTZ (i-Fiber kwi-Zone, i-FiberToTheZone), i-FTTO (i-Fiber kwi-Ofisi, i-FiberToTheOffice), i-FTTH (i-Fiber kwiKhaya okanye i-Fiber ukuya kwiKhaya, i-FiberToTheHome).
I-FTTH lolona khetho lulungileyo lwefayibha ukungena ngqo ekhaya
Kubasebenzisi abaninzi basekhaya, i-FTTH lolona khetho lulungileyo.Le fom inokudibanisa i-fiber optical kunye neyunithi yenethiwekhi ye-optical (ONU) ngqo kwikhaya.Ziintlobo ngeentlobo zefiber broadband ukufikelela ngaphandle kweFTTD (ifayibha kwidesktop, iFiberToTheDesk).Indlela yokufikelela kwifayibha ekufutshane kumsebenzisi.Ngokwenziwa ngokubanzi kwendlela yokufikelela kwifiber broadband, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ufikelelo lwangoku lwe-FTTH lwe-broadband alubhekiseli nje kwifayibha ekhaya, kwaye libhekiselele ngokubanzi kwifiber eyahlukeneyo. -ukuya-ekhaya iifom zofikelelo ezifana neFTTO, FTTD, kunye neFTTN.
Ukongezelela, umfundi kufuneka anikele ingqalelo kumahluko phakathi kwe-"FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN) yangoku yeskimu sokufikelela kwi-broadband ekuqondeni i-FTTH.FTTx + LAN isisombululo sokufikelela kwi-broadband esenza "100Mbps kwiseli okanye isakhiwo, i-1 -10Mbps ukuya ekhaya "usebenzisa i-fiber + 5 imodi ye-pair twisted - switch kunye ne-ofisi ephakathi yokutshintsha kunye neyunithi yenethiwekhi ye-optical (ONU) Ixhunyiwe, iseli isebenzisa iCandelo le-5 i-twisted pair cabling, kwaye izinga lokufikelela komsebenzisi linokufikelela kwi-1-10Mbps.
Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ye-bandwidth yentsapho enye ye-FTTH, i-bandwidth yeFTTx + LAN yabelwana ngabasebenzisi abaninzi okanye iintsapho.Xa kukho abasebenzisi abaninzi ababelanayo, i-bandwidth okanye isantya senethiwekhi yeFTTx + LAN kunzima ukuqinisekisa.
FTTH umgangatho wobugcisa
Okwangoku, kubonakala ngathi i-ADSL2 + kunye ne-FTTH ye-bandwidth-ekhethekileyo ibe yindlela ehamba phambili yokuphuhliswa kwe-broadband kwixesha elizayo.Kwiteknoloji ye-FTTH, emva kwe-APON (ATMPON), ngoku kukho umgangatho weGPON (GigabitPON) ophuhliswe yi-ITU / I-FSAN, kunye nemigangatho emibini ye-EPON (EthernetPON) ephuhliswe yi-IEEE802.3ah iqela lokusebenza likhuphisana.
Ubuchwephesha be-GPON sisizukulwana esitsha sokufikelela kumgangatho we-broadband passive optical integred access standard esekwe kumgangatho we-ITU-TG.984.x.I-bandwidth ekhoyo malunga ne-1111 Mbit / s.Nangona itekhnoloji inzima, ine-bandwidth ephezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukugubungela okukhulu kunye nabasebenzisi.Izinto eziluncedo zojongano olutyebileyo ziqwalaselwa ngabasebenzisi abathile baseYurophu nabaseMelika njengobuchwephesha obufanelekileyo bokufikelela kwiinkonzo zenethiwekhi yebroadband.
Isisombululo se-EPON sinokulinganisa okulungileyo kwaye sinokuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zefiber ukuya ekhaya
I-EPON (i-Ethernet Passive Optical Network) ikwaluhlobo olutsha lweteknoloji yokufikelela kwifiber yenethiwekhi.I-bandwidth esebenzayo yokuhanjiswa kwe-uplink yi-1000 Mbit / s.Yamkela i-point-to-multipoint structure kunye ne-passive optical fiber transmission, kwaye inokubonelela ngeentlobo ezininzi kwi-Ethernet.Ishishini lidibanisa iingenelo zobuchwepheshe bePON kunye nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet, eneendleko eziphantsi, i-bandwidth ephezulu, i-scalability enamandla, ukuhambelana kakuhle kunye ne-Ethernet ekhoyo, kunye nokulawula okulula.Isetyenziswa eAsia, njenge China kunye neJapan.Olubanzi ngakumbi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi inkqubo yefiber ye-PON eyenziwe yi-OLT (i-Optical Line Terminal, i-Optical Line Terminal), i-POS (i-Passive Optical Splitter), i-ONU (i-Optical Network Unit) kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwenethiwekhi .Ezi nxalenye zifakwe yi-installer ye-ISP ngexesha lofakelo, kwaye abasebenzisi basekhaya ngokwabo ngokubanzi abanazo iimeko zokuzimisa ngokwabo.
FTTH uyilo
Ngokubhekiselele kwimisebenzi ethile, i-OLT ifakwe kwi-ofisi ephakathi ye-ISP kwaye inoxanduva lokudibanisa, ukulawula, kunye nokugcinwa kwesiteshi sokulawula.Umgama omkhulu wokuhambisa phakathi kwe-OLT kunye ne-ONU unokufikelela kwi-10-20km okanye ngaphezulu.I-OLT inomsebenzi ojikelezayo wokuvavanya umgama onengqiqo phakathi kwe-ONU nganye kunye ne-OLT, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, i-ONU iyalelwe ukuba ilungelelanise ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa komqondiso ukwenza okungafaniyo.Izibonakaliso ezihanjiswe yi-ONU zomgama zingaphindwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo ze-OLT.OLT ngokubanzi nazo zinomsebenzi wokwabiwa kwe-bandwidth, enokwaba i-bandwidth ethile nge-OLT ngokweemfuno ze-ONU.Ngaphezu koko, isixhobo se-OLT sinombono we-hub ye-point-to-multipoint, kwaye i-OLT inokuthwala i-32 ONUs (kwaye inokwandiswa emva koko), kwaye zonke ii-ONU phantsi kwe-OLT nganye yabelana nge-bandwidth ye-1G ngokusebenzisa ulwahlulo lwexesha lokuphindaphinda, oko kukuthi, i-ONU nganye inakho. ukubonelela phezulu nangaphantsi Ubuninzi be-bandwidth yi-1 Gbps.
I-POS i-passive fiber splitter, isahlukanisi okanye isiqhekeza, sisixhobo sokwenziwa esidibanisa iOLT kunye ne-ONU.Umsebenzi wayo kukusasaza igalelo (ezantsi) imiqondiso ye-optical kwizibuko ezininzi zemveliso, okwenza abasebenzisi abaninzi kwiFibre enye kwabelwane ngayo ukwabelana nge-bandwidth;kwicala elinyukayo, imiqondiso emininzi ye-ONU ye-optical i-multiplexed kwi-fiber enye.
I-ONU ngokubanzi ine-1-32 100M izibuko kwaye inokuqhagamshelwa kwiitheminali ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi
I-ONU sisixhobo esisetyenziswa yi-UE ukufikelela kumsebenzisi wokugqibela okanye i-corridor switch.I-fiber eyodwa ye-optical iyakwazi ixesha-i-multiplex idatha yee-ONU ezininzi kwi-port ye-OLT enye ngokusebenzisa i-passive optical splitter.Ngenxa ye-point-to-multipoint tree topology, utyalo-mali lwesixhobo sokudibanisa luyancitshiswa, kwaye inqanaba lenethiwekhi likwacaca ngakumbi. .Izixhobo ezininzi ze-ONU zinemisebenzi ethile yokutshintsha.Ujongano oluphezulu lujongano lwePON.Idityaniswe kwibhodi yojongano lwesixhobo seOLT ngokusebenzisa i-passive optical splitter.I-downlink ixhunyiwe nge-1-32 100-Gigabit okanye i-Gigabit RJ45 port.Izixhobo zedatha, ezifana nokutshintsha, ii-router ze-broadband, iikhomputha, iifowuni ze-IP, iibhokisi ze-set-top, njl., yenza i-point-to-multipoint deployment.
Indlela yokunxibelelana kusapho
Ngokubanzi, i-FTTH kwizixhobo ze-ONU ze-terminal iya kubonelela ubuncinane ezine 100M RJ45 ujongano.Kubasebenzisi abaneekhompyuter ezine eziqhagamshelwe ngamakhadi enethiwekhi enentambo, banokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeekhompyuter ezininzi ezabelana ngofikelelo lwe-Intanethi ekhaya.Ukongeza, kwiinethiwekhi ze-FTTH zisebenzisa i-IP eguquguqukayo, abasebenzisi banokuqhagamshela kwiiswitshi okanye ii-APs ezingenazingcingo zokwandiswa kweenethiwekhi zeengcingo kunye nezingenazingcingo njengoko kufuneka.
Iirotha zebroadband zangoku zinokuxhasa ngokugqibeleleyo izisombululo zofikelelo ze-FTTH
Kwiiterminals zeFTTH ezibonelela kuphela nge-100M RJ45 ujongano usebenzisa i-IP esisigxina, zinokwandiswa nge-router ebanzi okanye irutha engenazingcingo. Uhlobo loqhagamshelo lwezibuko lwe-WAN njengemowudi “ye-IP engatshintshiyo, kwaye emva koko ngenisa idilesi ye-IP kunye ne-subnet enikwe yi-ISP kujongano olulandelayo.Imaski, isango kunye nedilesi ye-DNS zonke zilungile.
Ukongezelela, abasebenzisi bee-router ezithengiweyo ze-broadband okanye ii-routers ezingenazintambo kufuneka basebenzise njengetshintshi okanye i-wireless AP kwinethiwekhi ye-FTTH.Nika ingqalelo kula manqaku alandelayo xa ucwangcisa: Ukusebenzisa i-wire router njengokutshintsha okanye i-wireless AP, faka iplagi ephothiweyo kwisixhobo se-ONU ngqo kulo naliphi na ujongano kwizibuko le-LAN ye-router.Kwiphepha lolawulo lwe-router, cima umsebenzi womncedisi we-DHCP ovulwe ngokungagqibekanga.Setha idilesi ye-IP ye-router kunye nesixhobo se-ONU usebenzisa i-IP eguquguqukayo njengenxalenye yenethiwekhi efanayo.
Ekubeni ukufikelela kwefiber kunika i-bandwidth engenamkhawulo, iFiber kwiKhaya (FTTH) yaziwa ngokuba "yinkosi" yexesha le-broadband kwaye yinjongo yokugqibela yophuhliso lwe-broadband.Emva kokuba ifayibha iziswe ekhaya, isantya se-Intanethi somsebenzisi sinokunyuswa kakhulu kwakhona.Kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukukhuphela imovie yeDVD eyi-500MB, ekhawuleza kalishumi kunesisombululo sangoku seADSL.Ngokucuthwa okuqhubekayo kweendleko zokwakhiwa kwe-FTTH, ukukhanya kwikhaya kuya kuhamba ukusuka ephupheni ukuya kwinyani.