I-Fiber-optic communication(FTTx) ibilokhu ithathwa njengendlela yokufinyelela ebanzi ethembisa kakhulu ngemva kokufinyelela kwe-Broadband ye-DSL.Ngokungafani nokuxhumana okujwayelekile okusontekile okubili, inemvamisa yokusebenza ephezulu namandla amakhulu (kungasekelwe kubasebenzisi okudingeka bathuthukele kumkhawulokudonsa okhethekile we-10-100Mbps), ukunciphisa kancane, akukho ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kagesi, amandla aqinile e-anti-electromagnetic pulse, ubumfihlo obuhle kanye njalonjalo.
I-Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) ihlanganisa amafomethi okufinyelela ahlukahlukene afana ne-FTTP evamile (I-Fiber to the Presise, i-FiberToThePremise), i-FTTB (i-Fiber to Building, i-FiberToTheBuilding), i-FTTC (i-Fiber to Roadside, i-FiberToTheCurb), i-FTTN (i-Fiber to the Neighbourhood, I-FiberToTheNeighborhood), i-FTTZ (I-Fiber to the Zone, i-FiberToTheZone), i-FTTO (I-Fiber to The Office, i-FiberToTheOffice), i-FTTH (I-Fiber eya Ekhaya noma i-Fiber eya Ekhaya, i-FiberToTheHome).
I-FTTH iyinketho engcono kakhulu yokuthi i-fiber ingene ekhaya ngokuqondile
Kubasebenzisi abaningi basekhaya, i-FTTH iyinketho engcono kakhulu.Leli fomu lingaxhuma i-optical fiber kanye neyunithi yenethiwekhi yokubona (ONU) ngqo ekhaya.Kuyinhlobonhlobo yokufinyelela kwe-fiber broadband ngaphandle kwe-FTTD (fiber to desktop, FiberToTheDesk).Indlela yokufinyelela i-fiber eseduze kakhulu nomsebenzisi.Ngokwejwayelekile kwendlela yokufinyelela i-fiber broadband, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufinyelela kwe-broadband ye-FTTH yamanje akubhekiseli nje ku-fiber ekhaya, futhi ngokuvamile kubhekise ku-fiber ehlukahlukene. -amafomu okufinyelela ekhaya afana ne-FTTO, FTTD, ne-FTTN.
Ukwengeza, umfundi kufanele anake umehluko phakathi kohlelo lwamanje lokufinyelela kwe-broadband “FTTx+LAN (fiber + LAN)” ekuqondeni i-FTTH.FTTx+LAN iyisixazululo sokufinyelela kwe-broadband esebenzisa “100Mbps kuseli noma isakhiwo, 1 -10Mbps ukuya ekhaya” usebenzisa i-fiber +5 imodi yokubhanqa esontekile – shintsha kanye ne-central office switch kanye ne-optical network unit (ONU) Ixhunyiwe, iseli lisebenzisa i-Category 5 twisted pair cabling, futhi izinga lokufinyelela komsebenzisi lingafinyelela ku-1-10Mbps.
Ngokungafani nohlelo lomkhawulokudonsa olukhethekile womndeni owodwa we-FTTH, umkhawulokudonsa we-FTTx+LAN wabiwa abasebenzisi abaningi noma imindeni.Uma kunabasebenzisi abaningi ababiwe, umkhawulokudonsa noma isivinini senethiwekhi ye-FTTx+LAN kunzima ukusiqinisekisa.
Izinga lobuchwepheshe le-FTTH
Njengamanje, kubonakala sengathi i-ADSL2+ ne-FTTH eyingqayizivele yomkhawulokudonsa sekuphenduke inkambiso evamile yokuthuthukiswa kwe-broadband esikhathini esizayo.Kubuchwepheshe be-FTTH, ngemva kwe-APON (ATMPON), okwamanje kukhona izinga le-GPON (GigabitPON) elithuthukiswe yi-ITU/ I-FSAN, kanye namazinga amabili e-EPON (EthernetPON) athuthukiswe iqembu elisebenzayo le-IEEE802.3ah ayaqhudelana.
Ubuchwepheshe be-GPON buyisizukulwane esisha se-broadband passive optical integrated access standard based on ITU-TG.984.x standard.I-bandwidth etholakalayo imayelana ne-1111 Mbit/s.Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bunzima, bunomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukumbozwa okukhulu nabasebenzisi.Izinzuzo zezindawo zokusebenzelana ezinothile zibhekwa abanye o-opharetha baseYurophu naseMelika njengobuchwepheshe obufanele bezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi yokufinyelela i-broadband.
Isixazululo se-EPON sinokulinganiseka okuhle futhi singabona izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuya ekhaya
I-EPON (i-Ethernet Passive Optical Network) iphinde ibe uhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yokufinyelela ifayibha.Umkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo wokudlulisa i-uplink ngu-1000 Mbit/s.Isebenzisa isakhiwo se-point-to-multipoint kanye nokudluliswa kwe-fiber optical passive, futhi ingahlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi ku-Ethernet.Ibhizinisi lihlanganisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-PON kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet, okufaka izindleko eziphansi, umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukuqina okuqinile, ukuhambisana okuhle ne-Ethernet ekhona, nokuphathwa okulula.Isetshenziswa e-Asia, njenge-China ne-Japan.Okuningi okubanzi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-PON fiber system eyakhiwe i-OLT (Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), i-POS (Passive Optical Splitter), i-ONU (Optical Network Unit) kanye nesistimu yayo yokuphatha inethiwekhi .Lezi zingxenye zifakwe isifaki se-ISP ngesikhathi sokufakwa, futhi abasebenzisi basekhaya ngokwabo ngokuvamile abanazo izimo zokuzimisa bona.
Isakhiwo se-FTTH
Ngokuphathelene nemisebenzi ethile, i-OLT ibekwe ehhovisi eliphakathi le-ISP futhi inesibopho sokuxhuma, ukuphatha, nokugcinwa kwesiteshi sokulawula.Ibanga eliphezulu lokudlulisela phakathi kwe-OLT ne-ONU lingafinyelela ku-10-20km noma ngaphezulu.I-OLT inomsebenzi ohlukahlukene wokuhlola ibanga elinengqondo phakathi kwe-ONU ngayinye ne-OLT, futhi ngokufanele, i-ONU iyalwa ukuthi ilungise ukubambezeleka kokudlulisa isignali yayo ukuze yenze okuhlukile.Izimpawu ezidluliswa ama-ONU ebanga zingaphindwaphindwa ngokunembile ndawonye kumadivayisi we-OLT.OLT ngokuvamile nawo anomsebenzi wokwabiwa komkhawulokudonsa, ongabeka umkhawulokudonsa othize nge-OLT ngokwezidingo ze-ONU.Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi ye-OLT inesici sehabhu yephoyinti ukuya ku-multipoint, futhi i-OLT ingathwala ama-ONU angu-32 (futhi inganwetshwa kamuva), futhi wonke ama-ONU ngaphansi kwe-OLT ngayinye abelana ngomkhawulokudonsa ongu-1G ngokusebenzisa ukuphindaphinda kokuhlukaniswa kwesikhathi, okungukuthi, i-ONU ngayinye ingakwazi. hlinzeka phezulu nangaphansi Umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu yi-1 Gbps.
I-POS ye-passive fibre splitter, isihlukanisi noma isihlukanisi, iyidivayisi engenzi lutho exhuma i-OLT ne-ONU.Umsebenzi wayo ukusabalalisa amasiginali okufakwayo (okwehlayo komfula) kumachweba amaningi okukhiphayo, okuvumela abasebenzisi abaningi ku-One fibre kwabelwanwa ngayo ukuze kwabiwe umkhawulokudonsa;ekuqondeni komfula, amasiginali amaningi e-ONU optical ahlukaniswa isikhathi abe yifayibha eyodwa.
I-ONU ngokuvamile inamachweba angu-1-32 100M futhi ingaxhunywa kumatheminali enethiwekhi ahlukahlukene
I-ONU iyidivayisi esetshenziswa i-UE ukufinyelela umsebenzisi wokugcina noma iswishi yephaseji.I-single optical fibre ingaphindaphinda isikhathi idatha yama-ONU amaningi embobeni eyodwa ye-OLT ngokusebenzisa i-passive optical splitter.Ngenxa ye-topology yesihlahla sephoyinti ukuya ku-multipoint, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwedivayisi yokuhlanganisa kuyehla, nezinga lenethiwekhi nalo licace kakhudlwana. .Amadivayisi amaningi e-ONU anemisebenzi ethile yokushintsha.I-uplink interface iyisixhumi esibonakalayo se-PON.Ixhunywe ebhodini lesixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi ye-OLT ngokusebenzisa isihlukanisi se-passive optical.I-downlink ixhunywe ngezimbobo ze-1-32 100-Gigabit noma i-Gigabit RJ45.Amadivayisi edatha, afana namaswishi, amarutha e-broadband, amakhompyutha, amafoni we-IP, amabhokisi aphezulu, njll., anika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwe-point-to-multipoint.
Indlela yokuxhumana emndenini
Ngokuvamile, i-FTTH kuya kumishini ye-ONU yetheminali izohlinzeka okungenani izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezine ezingu-100M RJ45.Kubasebenzisi abanamakhompyutha amane axhunywe amakhadi enethiwekhi anentambo, bangahlangabezana nezidingo zamakhompyutha amaningi abelana ngokufinyelela i-inthanethi ekhaya.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumanethiwekhi e-FTTH asebenzisa i-IP enamandla, abasebenzisi bangaphinda baxhume kumaswishi noma ama-AP angenawaya ukuze kunwetshwe amanethiwekhi anentambo nangenawaya njengoba kudingeka.
Amarutha amanje e-broadband angakwazi ukusekela ngokuphelele izixazululo zokufinyelela ze-FTTH
Kumatheminali e-FTTH anikeza kuphela isixhumi esibonakalayo esingu-100M RJ45 kusetshenziswa i-IP engaguquki, anganwetshwa ngomzila we-broadband noma irutha engenantambo. Uhlobo loxhumano lwembobo ye-WAN njengemodi “ye-IP emile”, bese ufaka ikheli le-IP ne-subnet ehlinzekwa yi-ISP kusixhumi esibonakalayo esilandelayo.Imaski, isango nekheli le-DNS kulungile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzisi bamarutha e-broadband athengiwe noma amarutha angenantambo kufanele bayisebenzise njengeswishi noma i-AP engenantambo kunethiwekhi ye-FTTH.Naka amaphuzu alandelayo lapho usetha: Ukuze usebenzise irutha yocingo njengeswishi noma i-AP engenantambo, faka ipulaki ephothiweyo esuka kudivayisi ye-ONU ngokuqondile kunoma iyiphi i-interface embobeni ye-LAN yerutha.Ekhasini lokuphatha lerutha, vala umsebenzi weseva ye-DHCP evulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.Setha ikheli le-IP lomzila kanye nedivayisi ye-ONU usebenzisa i-IP enamandla njengengxenye yenethiwekhi efanayo.
Njengoba ukufinyelela kwe-fiber kunikeza umkhawulokudonsa ongenamkhawulo, i-Fiber to the Home (FTTH) yaziwa ngokuthi “inkosi” yenkathi ye-broadband futhi iwumgomo omkhulu wokuthuthukiswa kwe-broadband.Ngemuva kokuthi i-fiber ilethwe ekhaya, isivinini se-inthanethi somsebenzisi singaphinde senyuke kakhulu.Kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukulanda imuvi yeDVD engu-500MB, eshesha ngokuphindwe kashumi kunesixazululo samanje se-ADSL.Ngokuncishiswa okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zokumiswa kwe-FTTH, ukukhanya ekhaya kuyasuka ephusheni kuya eqinisweni.