Tsarin gani shine na'urar juyar da siginar hoto, wanda za'a iya saka shi cikin kayan aikin transceiver siginar cibiyar sadarwa irin su magudanar ruwa, masu sauyawa, da kayan watsawa.Dukansu siginar lantarki da na gani sigina ne na kalaman maganadisu.Ana iyakance kewayon watsa siginar lantarki, yayin da ana iya watsa siginar gani da sauri da nisa.Koyaya, wasu na'urori na yanzu suna gane siginar lantarki, don haka akwai na'urori masu juyawa na hoto.
Saboda babban bandwidth da kuma nisa mai nisa na watsa fiber na gani, yayin da tazarar watsawar kebul na gargajiya gajeru ce kuma mai saukin kamuwa da kutse ta hanyar lantarki, don tsawaita nisan watsawar sadarwa, fiber na gani da gaske ana amfani dashi don watsawa.Tare da shigar da na'urori masu gani, ana iya jujjuya siginar lantarki zuwa siginar gani don watsawa a cikin filaye na gani, sannan a canza su daga siginar gani zuwa siginar lantarki don karɓar ta kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, ta yadda za a ƙara nisan watsawa na sadarwar dijital.
Ka'idar aiki na na'urar gani a ƙarshen watsawa ita ce shigar da siginar lantarki tare da takamaiman adadin lambar ta hanyar tashar yatsan zinare, sannan kuma fitar da Laser don aika siginar gani a daidai adadin bayan da guntu direba ya sarrafa shi. ;
Ka'idar aiki a ƙarshen karɓar ita ce canza siginar gani da aka karɓa zuwa siginar lantarki ta hanyar ganowa, sannan canza siginar da aka samu rauni ta halin yanzu zuwa siginar ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar amplifier mai ɗaukar nauyi, ta haka yana haɓaka siginar lantarki, sannan cire overvoltage. sigina ta hanyar amplifier mai iyaka.Sigina mai girma ko ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki yana kiyaye siginar wutar lantarki na fitarwa.