Ko te kōwae whatu te taputapu pūmārō matua ki te mohio hononga whatunga whatu i roto i te pokapū raraunga.Na te pikinga o te tau tauranga me te kiato, ko te utu o te waahanga whakaata ka tata ki te haurua o te utu o te whatunga whatu i roto i te pokapū raraunga.I tenei wa, kua whakamahia nuitia te hangarau honohono 100G i roto i nga pokapu raraunga hou o nga kamupene Ipurangi nui, me te hangarau honohono 400G ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i nga tau 1-2 e whai ake nei. Na reira, ko te hangarau whakatinanatanga o te 400G kōwae whatu kua noho hei arotahi o te ahumahi.
I runga i te roanga o te ngaru marama, ka taea te wehewehe i te waahanga marama 400G ki te maha-aratau (MM) me te kotahi-aratau (SM) .I runga i te ahua o te tohu tohu, ka taea te wehewehe ki te NRZ me te PAM4 modulation (PAM4 te mea matua. i tenei wa) .I runga i te tawhiti whakawhiti, ka taea te wehewehe i te 400G kōwae matapihi ki SR, DR, FR me LR.Mai i te puka kapi, ka taea te wehea te 400G kōwae whatu ki CDFP, CFP8, OSFP, qsfp-dd me etahi atu.Kei raro nei te whakarōpūtanga hangarau o te kōwae whatu 400G.
I whakamahia e te 400G kōwae whatu wawe 16-hongere 25Gbps NRZ whakatinanatanga (pērā i te 400g-sr16), te whakamahi i CDFP pōkai CFP8 ranei.Ko te painga o te NRZ ka taea te nama mai i te hangarau 25G NRZ pakeke i runga i te 100G kōwae whatu, engari ko te kino ko te hiahia kia 16 nga waahana tohu mo te tuku whakarara, me te nui o te kohi hiko me te rōrahi, kaore e pai mo te tono o te pokapū raraunga.
I roto i te waahanga 400G o naianei, ko te 8-channel 53GbpsPAM4 (400g-sr8,FR8,LR8) ranei 4-channel 106GbpsPAM4 (400g-dr4,FR4,LR4) ka whakamahia te nuinga ki te whakatutuki i te tuku tohu 400G i te taha tauranga whatu, me te 8 -Ka whakamahia te tohu hiko 53GbpsPAM4 ki te taha tauranga hiko, te tango i te ahua o te kete o OSFP, qsfp-dd ranei.Ko nga kohinga OSFP me te QSFP-DD e rua e whakarato ana i te 8 - nga atanga tohu hiko hiko. Hei whakataurite, he iti ake te rahi o te kohinga qsfp-dd (he rite ki te kohinga 100G optical module QSFP28 tuku iho), he pai ake mo nga tono pokapū raraunga.He iti ake te rahi o te kete OSFP, na te mea ka nui ake te kohi hiko, he pai ake mo nga tono waea.
Ko te ahua e whai ake nei e whakaatu ana i te whakatinanatanga o te 400g-fr8 /LR8 me te 400g-fr4.
（Reference：OSFPMSA Whakatakotoranga mo te OSFP OCTAL SMALLFORM FACTOR PLUGGABLE MODULE.）Ka kitea ko te taha atanga he tohu 8-channel 53Gbps PAM4.Mo te 400g-sr8 /FR8/LR8 me etahi atu waahanga,
Ko te CDR (whakaora karaka) me te hurihanga hiko/whakaahua, whatu/hiko ka mahia anake i roto i te kōwae whatu.Na reira, ko te taha tauranga whatu he tohu 8-channel 53Gbps PAM4, pera ano me te inenga tauranga hiko. tauranga ki te tohu kotahi, ka whakarereketia ki te marama, no reira ko te tere o te taha tauranga whatu e rua te tere o te taha tauranga, ara, 106GbpsPAM4 tohu.
