PON ni iki?Umuyoboro mugari wa tekinoroji uragenda wiyongera, kandi uteganijwe guhinduka intambara aho umwotsi utazigera ucika.Kugeza ubu, imiyoboro yimbere mu gihugu iracyari ikoranabuhanga rya ADSL, ariko abakora ibikoresho byinshi hamwe nababikora berekeje ibitekerezo byabo kuri tekinoroji ya optique.
Ibiciro byumuringa bikomeje kwiyongera, ibiciro byinsinga bikomeje kugabanuka, kandi kwiyongera kwa serivisi za IPTV na videwo yimikino bituma iterambere rya FTTH ryiyongera.Ibyiringiro byiza byo gusimbuza umugozi wumuringa hamwe nu nsinga ya coaxial wifashishije umugozi wa optique, terefone, televiziyo ya kabili, hamwe namakuru ya Broadband data inshuro eshatu gukina biragaragara.
Igishushanyo 1: PON topologiya
PON (Passive Optical Network) pasiporo optique ni tekinoroji yingenzi yo kumenya fibre ya FTTH murugo, itanga ingingo-kuri-kugwiza fibre fibre, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1, ni OLT (umurongo wa optique) hamwe nu ruhande rwabakoresha ba uruhande rw'ibiro.ONU (Optical Network Unit) hamwe na ODN (Optical Distribution Network) bigizwe.Muri rusange, kumanura bifata uburyo bwo gutangaza amakuru ya TDM naho uplink ifata uburyo bwa TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) kugirango ikore ingingo-kuri-kugwiza ibiti topologiya .Ikintu kinini cyaranze PON nkikoranabuhanga rya optique ni "pasive".ODN ntabwo ikubiyemo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikora nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Byose bigizwe nibice bya pasiporo nkibice, bifite imiyoborere mike nigiciro cyibikorwa.
PON Amateka y'Iterambere
Ubushakashatsi bwa tekinoroji ya PON bwatangiye mu 1995. Mu Kwakira 1998, ITU yemeje ATM ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya PON, G, yunganirwa n’umuryango FSAN (umuyoboro wuzuye wa serivisi).983. Azwi kandi nka BPON (BroadbandPON).Igipimo ni 155Mbps kandi irashobora guhitamo 622Mbps.
EFMA (Ethernetin ya mbere ya Mile Alliance) yerekanye igitekerezo cya Ethernet-PON (EPON) mumpera za 2000 hamwe nigipimo cya 1 Gbps hamwe nu murongo uhuza bishingiye kuri enterineti yoroshye.
GPON (Gigabit-CapablePON) yasabwe n’umuryango wa FSAN muri Nzeri 2002, ITU yemeza G muri Werurwe 2003. 984. 1 na G. 984. Amasezerano 2.G. 984.1 Muri rusange ibiranga sisitemu yo kwinjira ya GPON irasobanuwe.G.984. 2 irerekana isaranganya ryumubiri rijyanye na sublayer ya ODN (Optical Distribution Network) ya GPON. Muri kamena 2004, ITU yongeye gutsinda G.984. 3, igaragaza ibisabwa kugirango ihererekanyabubasha (TC).
Kugereranya ibicuruzwa bya EPON na GPON
EPON na GPON nibice bibiri byingenzi bigize imiyoboro ya optique igera, buriwese ufite agaciro kayo, guhatana, kuzuzanya no kwigira kubandi.Ibikurikira birabagereranya muburyo butandukanye:
Igipimo
EPON itanga uplink ihamye na downlink ya 1.25Gbps, ukoresheje code ya 8b / 10b, kandi igipimo nyacyo ni 1Gbps.
GPON ishyigikira amanota menshi kandi irashobora gushyigikira kuzamuka no kumanura umuvuduko wa asimmetric, 2.5Gbps cyangwa 1.25Gbps kumanuka, na 1.25Gbps cyangwa 622Mbps kuzamuka.Ukurikije icyifuzo nyirizina, igipimo cyo kuzamuka no kumanuka cyaragenwe, kandi modul ijyanye na optique iratoranijwe kugirango yongere igiciro cyibikoresho byihuta.
Uyu mwanzuro: GPON iruta EPON.
Ikigereranyo cyo gutandukanya
Ikigereranyo cyo gutandukana nuburyo ONU (abakoresha) batwarwa nicyambu kimwe cya OLT (biro).
Igipimo cya EPON gisobanura igabanywa rya 1:32.
Igipimo cya GPON gisobanura igipimo cyo gutandukana na 1:32;1:64;1: 128
Mubyukuri, sisitemu ya tekinike ya EPON irashobora kandi kugera ku kigero cyo hejuru cyo gutandukana, nka 1:64, 1: 128, protocole yo kugenzura EPON irashobora gushyigikira ONU nyinshi. Ikigereranyo cyumuhanda kigarukira cyane cyane kubikorwa byerekana module ya optique, no gutandukana kwinshi igipimo kizatera optique module igiciro kuzamuka cyane.Mubyongeyeho, igihombo cya PON ni 15 kugeza 18 dB, kandi igipimo kinini cyo gutandukana kigabanya intera yoherejwe.Abakoresha cyane kugabana umurongo nigiciro cyikigereranyo kinini cyo gutandukana.
Uyu mwanzuro: GPON itanga amahitamo menshi, ariko gusuzuma ibiciro ntabwo bigaragara.Intera ntarengwa yumubiri sisitemu ya GPON ishobora gushyigikira.Iyo optique yo gutandukanya optique ari 1:16, intera ntarengwa yumubiri ya 20km igomba gushyigikirwa.Iyo optique itandukanijwe ni 1:32, intera ntarengwa yumubiri ya 10km igomba gushyigikirwa.EPON ni kimwe,uyu mwanzuro: bingana.
QOS (Ubwiza bwa serivisi)
EPON yongeyeho 64-byte MPCP (protocole yo kugenzura ingingo nyinshi) kumutwe wa MAC umutwe wa Ethernet. kugenera umwanya wo kohereza ONU umwanya, kuvumbura byikora no guhuza ONUs, no gutanga raporo yumubyigano murwego rwo hejuru kugirango bigabanye umurongo mugari.MPCP itanga inkunga yibanze kuri topologiya ya P2MP.Ariko, protocole ntabwo ishyira mubikorwa serivisi yibanze.Serivisi zose zipiganwa kubusa.GPON ifite DBA yuzuye hamwe nubushobozi bwiza bwa QoS.
GPON igabanya uburyo bwo kugabura serivisi muburyo bune.Ibyibanze byibanze birakosowe (Bimaze gukosorwa), Byizewe, Ntabwo byizewe, na BestEffort.DBA irasobanura kandi kontineri yumuhanda (T-CONT) nkigice cyo guteganya umuhanda, kandi buri T-CONT igaragazwa na Alloc-ID.Buri T-CONT irashobora kubamo imwe cyangwa nyinshi GEMPort-ID.T-CONT igabanijwemo ubwoko butanu bwa serivisi.Ubwoko butandukanye bwa T-CONTs bufite uburyo butandukanye bwo kugabura umurongo, bushobora kuzuza QoS zitandukanye zisabwa za serivise zitandukanye zo gutinda, jitter, nigipimo cyo gutakaza paki.T-CONT Ubwoko bwa 1 burangwa nigihe cyagenwe cyagenwe cyagenwe, gihuye umurongo uhamye (Umuyoboro uhamye), ukwiranye na serivisi zidindiza, nka serivisi zijwi.Ubwoko bwa 2 burangwa numuyoboro uhamye ariko umwanya utazwi.Igenamigambi ryemewe ryemewe (Yizewe) irakwiriye kuri serivise zihamye zidasaba amajwi menshi, nka videwo kuri serivisi zisabwa.Ubwoko bwa 3 burangwa nubwishingizi ntarengwa bwagutse no kugabana imbaraga zingana zingana, kandi ifite imbogamizi yumurongo ntarengwa, uhuye nogutangwa kwizerwa (Non-Assurance), bikwiranye na serivise hamwe nibisabwa na garanti ya serivise hamwe n’umuhanda munini uturika.Nko gukuramo ubucuruzi. Ubwoko bwa 4 burangwa na BestEffort, nta garanti yagutse, ikwiranye na serivisi zifite ubukererwe buke nibisabwa na jitter, nka serivise ya WEB.Ubwoko bwa 5 nuburyo bwo guhuza, nyuma yo gutanga umurongo wizewe kandi udafite ingwate, wongeyeho Umuyoboro mugari utangwa uko bishoboka.
Umwanzuro: GPON iruta EPON
Koresha kandi ukomeze OAM
EPON ntabwo yitaye cyane kuri OAM, ariko isobanura gusa ONT ya kure yerekana amakosa, kugaruka no kugenzura, kandi ni inkunga itabishaka.
GPON isobanura PLOAM (PhysicalLayerOAM) kurwego rwumubiri, naho OMCI (ONTManagementandControlInterface) isobanurwa murwego rwo hejuru kugirango ikore imiyoborere ya OAM mubyiciro byinshi.PLOAM ikoreshwa mugushira amakuru, kumenya imiterere, no gukurikirana amakosa.Umuyoboro wa OMCI protocole ukoreshwa mugucunga serivisi zasobanuwe murwego rwo hejuru, harimo imikorere yimikorere yashizweho ya ONU, ubwoko nubunini bwa serivisi ya T-CONT, ibipimo bya QoS, ibisobanuro byamakuru bisabwa hamwe n'imibare y'ibikorwa, na mu buryo bwikora menyesha ibyabaye muri sisitemu kugirango ushyire mubikorwa iboneza rya OLT kuri ONT.Ubuyobozi bwo gusuzuma amakosa, imikorere n'umutekano.
Umwanzuro: GPON iruta EPON
Ihuza ibice bikubiyemo hamwe na serivise nyinshi
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2, EPON ikurikiza imiterere yamakuru ya Ethernet yoroshye, ariko ikongeramo 64-byte MPCP point-to-multipoint igenzura protocole kumutwe wa Ethernet kugirango ishyire mubikorwa itangwa ryumurongo, umurongo wa robin, hamwe nubuvumbuzi bwikora muri sisitemu ya EPON.Guhindura indi mirimo.Nta bushakashatsi bwinshi buhari ku nkunga ya serivisi usibye serivisi zamakuru (nka serivisi yo guhuza TDM).Abacuruzi benshi ba EPON bateje imbere ibicuruzwa bitari bisanzwe kugirango bakemure iki kibazo, ariko ntabwo ari byiza kandi biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa byabatwara-QoS ibisabwa.
Igishushanyo 2: Kugereranya GPON na EPON protocole
GPON ishingiye kumurongo mushya wo gutwara abantu (TC), ushobora kurangiza guhuza ibikorwa bya serivise zitandukanye zo murwego rwo hejuru.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2, gisobanura ATM enapsulation na GFP enapsulation (protocole rusange).Urashobora guhitamo byombi.Imwe ni iy'ubucuruzi.Urebye ibyamamare bya ATM bigezweho, GPON ishyigikira gusa GFP enapsulation irahari.Igikoresho cya lite cyabayeho, gikuraho ATM muri protocole kugirango igabanye ibiciro.
GFP ni uburyo rusange bwo guhuza ibikorwa byinshi, bisobanurwa na ITU nka G. 7041. Umubare muto wahinduwe kuri GFP muri GPON, kandi PortID yatangijwe kumutwe wa GFP kugirango ishyigikire ibyambu byinshi.Icyerekezo cya Frag (Fragment) cyerekana kandi nacyo cyatangijwe kugirango wongere umurongo mwiza wa sisitemu.Kandi ishyigikira gusa uburyo bwo gutunganya amakuru kuburyo burebure bwamakuru kandi ntibishyigikira uburyo bwo gutunganya amakuru muburyo bwo guhagarika amakuru.GPON ifite imbaraga nyinshi za serivisi zitwara.GPON ya TC ya GPON muburyo bumwe, ikoresheje 8 kHz isanzwe (125μm) uburebure buringaniye, butuma GPON ishyigikira igihe cyanyuma-cyanyuma nizindi serivisi zihuriweho, cyane cyane mugushigikira byimazeyo serivisi za TDM, ibyo bita NativeTDM.GPON ifite "naturel" inkunga ya serivisi ya TDM.
Uyu mwanzuro: Igice cya TC gishyigikira GPON kubikorwa byinshi birakomeye kuruta MPCP ya EPON.
Umwanzuro
EPON na GPON bafite ibyiza byabo.GPON iruta EPON ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho.Ariko, EPON ifite ibyiza byigihe nigiciro.GPON iri gufata.Dutegereje ejo hazaza hifashishijwe isoko ryagutse ntishobora kuba umusimbura, igomba kuzuzanya.Kumurongo mugari, serivise nyinshi, QoS ndende nibisabwa byumutekano, hamwe na tekinoroji ya ATM nkumukiriya wumugongo, GPON izaba ikwiriye.Kubakiriya bafite sensibilité nkeya, QoS nibisabwa byumutekano, EPON yabaye ikintu cyiganje.