Isgaadhsiinta Fiber-optic (FTTx) ayaa had iyo jeer loo arkaa habka gelitaanka ballaadhan ee ballaadhineed ee ugu rajada badan ka dib gelitaanka ballaadhan ee DSL.Si ka duwan isgaadhsiinta lamaanaha qaloocan ee caadiga ah, waxay leedahay soo noqnoqoshada hawlgalka sare iyo awood weyn (waxay ku salaysnaan kartaa isticmaalayaashu u baahan yihiin inay u cusboonaysiiyaan bandwidth gaar ah oo ah 10-100Mbps), yarayn yar, faragelin koronto oo xoog leh ma jirto, awood garaaca garaaca elektromagnetic xoog leh, sir wanaagsan iyo sidaas oo kale.
Isgaarsiinta Fiber Broadband (FTTx) waxaa ku jira qaabab kala duwan oo loo heli karo sida FTTP caadiga ah (Fiber to the Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fiber to Building, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fiber to the Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN (Fiber to the Neighborhood), FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fiber to the Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fiber ilaa Xafiiska, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH ( Fiber ilaa Guriga, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH waa doorashada ugu fiican ee fiber si toos ah guriga loo galo
Isticmaalayaal badan oo guriga ah, FTTH ayaa ah doorashada ugu fiican.Foomkan wuxuu si toos ah ugu xidhi karaa guriga.Waa noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah gelitaanka fiber-balaadhan marka laga reebo FTTD (fiber to desktop, FiberToTheDesk).Qaabka gelitaanka fiber-ka ee ugu dhow isticmaalaha.Iyadoo guud ahaan qaabka gelitaanka fibre-gaaban, waa in la ogaadaa in gelitaanka FTTH ee hadda jira aysan si fudud u tixraacin fiber-ka guriga, oo guud ahaan loo tixraacayo fiber kala duwan. Foomamka gelitaanka guriga sida FTTO, FTTD, iyo FTTN.
Intaa waxaa dheer, akhristuhu waa inuu fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaa farqiga u dhexeeya "FTTx+LAN (fiber + LAN)" ee hadda jira "FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN)" nidaamka gelitaanka broadband ee fahamka FTTH. -10Mbps to home” iyadoo la isticmaalayo fiber +5 hab maroojin ah - beddelka iyo beddelka xafiiska dhexe iyo unugga shabakadda indhaha (ONU) oo ku xidhan, unugu wuxuu adeegsadaa fiilooyinka lammaanaha ee Qaybta 5, iyo heerka gelitaanka isticmaaluhu wuxuu gaari karaa 1-10Mbps.
Si ka duwan nidaamka bandwidth gaarka ah ee qoyska kaliya ee FTTH, xadhkaha xawaaraha FTTx+LAN waxaa wadaaga isticmaaleyaal ama qoysas badan.Marka ay jiraan isticmaaleyaal badan oo la wadaago, xawaaraha xawliga ama xawaaraha shabakada ee FTTx+LAN way adagtahay in la dammaanad qaado.
Heerka farsamada FTTH
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxay u muuqataa in bandwidth-gaar ah ADSL2 + iyo FTTH ay noqdeen isbeddelka guud ee horumarinta ballaaran ee mustaqbalka. Tiknoolajiyada FTTH, ka dib APON (ATMPON), waxaa hadda jira heerka GPON (GigabitPON) ee ay soo saartay ITU / FSAN, iyo laba heer oo EPON (EthernetPON) ah oo ay soo saareen kooxda shaqada ee IEEE802.3ah ayaa tartamaya.
Tignoolajiyada GPON waa jaangooyo isku-dhafan oo indho-indhayn ah oo ballaadhan oo cusub oo ku salaysan heerka ITU-TG.984.x.Xakamaynta xawaaraha la heli karo waa qiyaastii 1111 Mbit/s.Inkasta oo tignoolajiyadu ay adag tahay, waxay leedahay xajmi sare, waxtar sare leh, dabool weyn iyo isticmaalayaasha.Faa'iidooyinka is-dhexgalyada qaninimada leh waxay u arkaan qaar ka mid ah hawl-wadeennada Yurub iyo Ameerika inay yihiin tignoolajiyada ugu habboon ee adeegyada shabakadda marin-u-helidda ballaaran.
Xalka EPON wuxuu leeyahay miisaan wanaagsan wuxuuna xaqiijin karaa qaabab kala duwan oo fiber-ilaa-guriga ah
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) sidoo kale waa nooc cusub oo ah tignoolajiyada helitaanka fiber-ka.Xawaaladaha gudbinta kor u kaca ee waxtarka leh waa 1000 Mbit/s.Waxay qabataa qaab-dhismeedka dhibic-ilaa-multipoint iyo gudbinta fibre-gaab indhaha ah, waxayna ku siin kartaa noocyo badan oo Ethernet ah.Ganacsigu wuxuu isku daraa faa'iidooyinka tignoolajiyada PON iyo tignoolajiyada Ethernet, oo leh qiime jaban, xajmiyeed sare, miisaan xoog leh, ku habboonaanta wanaagsan ee Ethernet jira, iyo maarayn fudud.Waxaa laga isticmaalaa Aasiya, sida Shiinaha iyo Japan.Aad u ballaaran.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee nidaamka fiber PON ka kooban yahay OLT (Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), POS (Passive Optical Splitter), ONU (Optical Network Unit) iyo nidaamka maamulka network ay .Qaybahan waxaa lagu rakibay ISP rakibay inta lagu guda jiro rakibaadda, iyo isticmaalayaasha guriga laftoodu guud ahaan ma haystaan wax shuruudo ah oo ay isku dejiyaan.
Qaabka FTTH
Marka la eego shaqooyinka gaarka ah, OLT waxaa la dhigayaa xafiiska dhexe ee ISP wuxuuna mas'uul ka yahay isku xirka, maareynta, iyo dayactirka kanaalka xakamaynta. Masaafada ugu badan ee gudbinta ee u dhaxaysa OLT iyo ONU waxay gaari kartaa 10-20km ama ka badan.OLT waxay leedahay hawlo kala duwan si ay u tijaabiso masaafada macquulka ah ee u dhaxaysa ONU iyo OLT, sidaas awgeed, ONU waxaa la farayaa inay hagaajiso daahitaanka gudbinta calaamadaha si ay uga duwanaato.Calaamadaha ay gudbiyaan ONU-yada masaafada ayaa si sax ah loogu dhufan karaa qalabka OLT.OLT guud ahaan sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin shaqo qoondaynta bandwidth, kaas oo u qoondayn kara bandwidth gaar ah OLT iyadoo loo eegayo baahiyaha ONU.Intaa waxaa dheer, aaladda OLT waxay leedahay muuqaal-bar-to-multipoint xuddunta, iyo OLT waxay qaadi kartaa 32 ONUs (oo ka dibna waa la kordhin karaa), iyo dhammaan ONUs ee hoos yimaada OLT kasta waxay wadaagaan 1G bandwidth iyada oo loo marayo kala qaybinta wakhtiga, taas oo ah, ONU kasta wuu awoodaa. Bixi sare iyo hoose Xajmiga ugu badnaan waa 1 Gbps.
Kala qaybiyaha fiber dadban ee POS, qaybiye ama qaybiye, waa aalad dadban oo isku xidha OLT iyo ONU.Shaqadeedu waa in ay u qaybiso gelinta (hoos) calaamadaha indhaha ee dekado badan oo wax soo saar leh, taas oo awood u siinaysa isticmaaleyaal badan oo hal fiber ah ayaa la wadaaga si ay u wadaagaan xajmiga;jihada sare, calaamadaha indhaha ee ONU oo badan ayaa waqti-qaybin loo qaybiyaa hal fiber.
ONU guud ahaan waxay leedahay 1-32 100M dekedood waxaana lagu xidhi karaa terminal shabakadeedyo kala duwan
ONU waa aalad ay UE adeegsato si ay u gasho isticmaalaha dhamaadka ama marinka.Hal fiber optic-ka ah ayaa waqti-ku-dhufan karta xogta ONUs badan oo hal deked ah oo OLT ah iyada oo loo marayo kala-saar muuqaal muuqaal ah. Inta badan aaladaha ONU waxay leeyihiin hawlo beddelasho gaar ah.Isku-xidhka kor-u-qaadista waa isku-xidhka PON.Waxay ku xidhan tahay guddiga interface ee aaladda OLT iyada oo loo marayo kala qaybiyaha indhaha ee dadban.Xiriirinta hoose waxay ku xiran tahay 1-32 100-Gigabit ama Gigabit RJ45.Aaladaha xogta, sida furayaasha, router-ka ballaadhan, kombuyuutarrada, teleefannada IP-ga, sanduuqyada-sare-sare, iwm., waxay awood u siinayaan meel-gudbinta dhibic-ilaa-multipoint.
Sida qoyska dhexdiisa loogu xidho
Guud ahaan, FTTH ee qalabka ONU ee terminaalka ayaa bixin doona ugu yaraan afar 100M RJ45 interneedka.Isticmaalayaasha haysta afar kombuyuutar oo ay ku xiran yihiin kaarar shabakadeed oo fiilo leh, waxay dabooli karaan baahida kombiyuutarada badan ee wadaaga gelitaanka internetka ee guriga.Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadaha FTTH ee isticmaalaya IP firfircoon, isticmaalayaashu waxay sidoo kale ku xiri karaan furayaasha ama AP-yada wireless si loo ballaariyo shabakadaha fiilooyinka iyo wirelesska haddii loo baahdo.
Raadiyeyaasha casriga ah ee hadda jira waxay si buuxda u taageeri karaan xalalka gelitaanka FTTH
Terminalka FTTH ee bixiya kaliya 100M RJ45 interface iyadoo la adeegsanayo IP go'an, waxaa lagu kordhin karaa router ballaaran ama router wireless. Goobta, kaliya barta shabakadda WEB ee router, hel ikhtiyaarka "WAN port", dooro Nooca isku xirka dekeda WAN sida qaabka "IP static", ka dibna geli ciwaanka IP-ga iyo subnet-ka ay bixiso ISP-ga soo socda.Maaskarada, albaabka iyo ciwaanka DNS dhamaantood waa sax.
Intaa waxaa dheer, dadka isticmaala ee la soo iibsaday xayndaabyada ballaaran ama kuwa wireless-ka ah waa inay u isticmaalaan sidii beddelka ama wireless AP ee shabakadda FTTH.Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo qodobada soo socda marka aad dejinayso: Si aad u isticmaasho router-ka siligga ahaan beddelka ama AP-da bilaa-waayirka ah, geli furaha lammaanaha qalloocan ee aaladda ONU si toos ah interface kasta oo ku yaal dekedda LAN ee router-ka.Bogga maamulka ee router-ka, dami shaqada server-ka DHCP ee si caadi ah loo furay.Deji ciwaanka IP-ga ee router-ka iyo aaladda ONU adoo isticmaalaya IP firfircoon sida qaybta isku midka ah.
Maaddaama gelitaanka fiber-ku ay bixiso xaddi aan xadidnayn, Fiber to the Home (FTTH) waxaa loo yaqaanaa "boqorka" waayihii balaarineed waana himilada ugu dambeysa ee horumarka ballaaran.Ka dib marka fiber-ka la keeno guriga, xawaaraha internetka ee isticmaalaha si weyn ayaa loo kordhin karaa mar kale.Waxay qaadataa dhowr ilbiriqsi oo keliya in la soo dejiyo filim DVD ah oo 500MB ah, kaas oo toban jeer ka dhaqso badan xalka ADSL ee hadda.Iyada oo si joogto ah loo dhimay qiimaha kacsiga FTTH, iftiinka guriga ayaa ka wareegaya riyo ilaa xaqiiqada.