Marang-rang a setso a thelefono ke phapanyetsano ea lentsoe ka potoloho, phetisetso e hlokahalang ea 64kbit / s.Seo ho thoeng ke VoIP ke marang-rang a phapanyetsano ea liphutheloana tsa IP e le sethala sa phetisetso, khatello ea pontšo ea lentsoe e etsisitsoeng, ho paka le letoto la ts'ebetso e khethehileng, e le hore e ka sebelisa protocol e sa amaneng ea UDP bakeng sa phetiso.
Ho hlokahala likarolo tse 'maloa le mesebetsi ho fetisa matšoao a lentsoe ho netweke ea IP.Mokhoa o bonolo ka ho fetisisa oa marang-rang o na le lisebelisoa tse peli kapa ho feta tse nang le bokhoni ba VoIP tse hokahaneng ka marang-rang a IP.
1.Voice-Data Phetoho
Letšoao la lentsoe ke analog waveform, ka IP ho fetisetsa lentsoe, ebang ke khoebo ea nako ea sebele kapa khoebo ea nako ea sebele ea nako, pele ho lentsoe la lentsoe la analog ea ho fetola data, e leng letšoao la lentsoe la analog 8 kapa 6 quantification, ebe e romeloa polokelong ea polokelo. , boholo ba buffer bo ka khethoa ho latela litlhoko tsa tieho le khouto.Likhouto tse ngata tse tlase li kentsoe ka liforeimi.
Bolelele bo tloaelehileng ba foreimi bo tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 30 ms.Ha ho nahanoa ka litšenyehelo nakong ea phetisetso, lipakete tsa lipuo tse fapaneng hangata li na le 60, 120, kapa 240ms ea data ea puo.Digitization e ka kenngwa tshebetsong ka ho sebedisa dikema tse fapaneng tsa ho khouta mantswe, mme maemo a hona jwale a ho khouta ka lentswe ke haholoholo ITU-T G.711.Sekhouto sa lentsoe se sebakeng sa mohloli se tlameha ho kenya tšebetsong algorithm e ts'oanang e le hore sesebelisoa sa puo se sebakeng se ka khutlisetsang lets'oao la puo ea analog.
2.Original data-to-IP phetoho
Hang ha lets'oao la puo le se le ngotsoe ka mokhoa oa digital, mohato o latelang ke ho hatella pakete ea puo ka bolelele bo itseng ba foreimi.Boholo ba li-encoder li na le bolelele bo itseng ba foreimi.Haeba sesebelisoa sa khouto se sebelisa liforeimi tse 15ms, sephutheloana sa 60ms ho tloha sebakeng sa pele se aroloa ka liforeimi tse 'ne ebe se khoutooa ka tatellano.Foreimi e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le lisampole tsa puo tse 120 (sekhahla sa sampole sa 8kHz).Ka mor'a ho encoding, liforeimi tse 'nè tse hatelitsoeng li ile tsa etsoa ka har'a sephutheloana sa puo se hatelitsoeng' me sa romeloa ho processor ea marang-rang.Sesebelisoa sa marang-rang se eketsa Baotou, sekala sa nako, le lintlha tse ling lentsoeng ebe se li fetisetsa pheletsong e 'ngoe ka marang-rang.
Marang-rang a puo a theha khokahano ea 'mele lipakeng tsa li-endpoints tsa puisano (mohala o le mong) ebe o fetisa matšoao a kentsoeng lipakeng tsa lintlha.Ho fapana le marang-rang a ho fetola potoloho, marang-rang a IP ha a thehe likhokahano.E hloka hore data e kenngoe litlalehong tse telele tsa data kapa lipakete, ebe aterese le ho laola tlhahisoleseling ho datagram e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ebe e romelloa holim'a marang-rang, e fetisetsoang moo e eang teng.
3.Phetisetso
Lenaneong lena, marang-rang kaofela a nkoa e le pakete ea lentsoe e amoheloang ho tsoa ho kenyelletsong ebe e fetisetsoa tlhahisong ea marang-rang ka nako e itseng (t).T e ka fapana ka bongata bo felletseng, e bonts'a jitter phetisong ea marang-rang.
Node e tšoanang marang-rang e hlahloba tlhahisoleseding ea aterese e amanang le data e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea IP 'me e sebelisa boitsebiso bona ho fetisetsa datagram eo sebakeng se latelang sa ho emisa tseleng e eang teng.Khokahano ea marang-rang e ka ba mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa topology kapa mokhoa oa ho fihlella o tšehetsang melaetsa ea data ea IP.
4.The IP package- -phetoho ea data
Sesebelisoa sa VoIP se eang se fumana data ena ea IP mme se qala ho sebetsa.Boemo ba marang-rang bo fana ka buffer ea bolelele bo fapaneng bo sebelisetsoang ho laola jitter e hlahisoang ke marang-rang.Buffer e ka amohela lipakete tse ngata tsa lentsoe, 'me basebelisi ba ka khetha boholo ba buffer.Li-buffers tse nyane li hlahisa latency e nyane, empa ha li laole jitter e kholo.Ea bobeli, decoder e theola pakete ea puo e kentsoeng ho hlahisa sephutheloana se secha sa puo, 'me mojule ona o ka boela oa sebetsa ka foreimi, bolelele bo lekanang hantle le bo dekhouda.
Haeba bolelele ba foreime e le 15ms, lipakete tsa lentsoe tsa 60ms li arotsoe ka liforeimi tse 4, ebe li khutlisetsoa ho phallo ea data ea 60ms ebe li romelloa ho buffer ea decoding.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlaleho ea data, tlhahisoleseding ea aterese le taolo e tlosoa, data ea pele ea pele e bolokiloe, 'me data ena ea pele e fanoa ho decoder.
Puo ea 5.Digital e fetotsoe ho puo ea analoge
Moralo oa ho bapala o tlosa lisampole tsa lentsoe (480) ka har'a buffer ebe o li romela kareteng ea molumo ka sebuela-hōle ka lebelo le reriloeng esale pele (mohlala, 8kHz).Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho fetisoa ha matšoao a lentsoe ho marang-rang a IP ho feta ka phetoho ho tloha ho letšoao la analog ho ea ho letšoao la digital, ho kenya lentsoe la digital ka har'a pakete ea IP, IP packet transmission ka marang-rang, IP packet unpacking le ho tsosolosoa ha lentsoe la digital ho analog. sesupo.
Ea bobeli, litekanyetso tsa tekheniki tse amanang le VoIP
Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa multimedia marang-rang a teng a likhokahano, International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) e thehile protocol ea H.32x Multimedia letoto la puisano, litekanyetso tse latelang tsa mantlha bakeng sa tlhaloso e bonolo:
H.320, Tekanyetso bakeng sa puisano ea multimedia ho narrowband video fono tsamaiso le terminal (N-ISDN);
H.321, Tekanyetso ea puisano ea multimedia ho B-ISDN;
H.322.Tekanyetso ea puisano ea multimedia ho LAN e tiisitsoeng ke QoS;
H.323.E tloaelehileng bakeng sa puisano ea multimedia ka pakete ea ho fetola marang-rang ntle le tiiso ea QoS;
H.324, tekanyetso ea puisano ea multimedia ho li-terminals tsa puisano tse tlaase tsa bitrate (PSTN le marang-rang a se nang mohala).
Har'a litekanyetso tse ka holimo, H. Li-network tsa 323 tse hlalositsoeng ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ke tsona tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa, tse kang Ethernet, Token Network, FDDI Network, joalo-joalo ka lebaka la H. Ts'ebeliso ea maemo a 323 ka tlhaho e fetohile sebaka se chesang 'marakeng, kahoo ka tlase re tla tsepamisa maikutlo ho H.323.H.323 Likarolo tse 'nè tsa sehlooho li hlalositsoe ka tlhahiso: terminal, gateway, software ea tsamaiso ea liheke (eo hape e tsejoang e le heke kapa heke), le karolo ea taolo ea lintlha tse ngata.
1. Theminale (Theminale)
Li-terminals kaofela li tlameha ho tšehetsa puisano ea lentsoe, 'me matla a khokahanyo ea video le data ke a boikhethelo.Bohle H.The 323 terminal e boetse e tlameha ho tšehetsa H.245 Standard, H.245 Tekanyetso e sebelisoa ho laola tšebeliso ea kanale le tšebetso ea kanale.H .323 Mekhahlelo e ka sehloohong ea codec ea puo puisanong ea lentsoe e hlalositsoe ka tsela e latelang: ITU e khothalelitsoe bandwidth / KHz transmission bit rate / Kb/s compression algorithm annotation G.711 3.4 56,64 PCM compression e bonolo, e sebelisoang ho PSTN ho G. .728 3.4 16 Boleng ba lentsoe la LD-CELP joalo ka G.711, joalo ka ha bo sebelisoa phetisong ea sekhahla se tlase-bit G.722 7 48,56,64 ADPCM boleng ba lentsoe bo phahame ho feta G.711, bo sebelisoa phetisong ea sekhahla se phahameng sa bit G. .723.1G.723.0 3.4 6.35.3 LP-MLQ Boleng ba lentsoe boa amoheleha, G.723.1 Adopt a G for the VOIP forum.729G.729A 3.4 8 CS-ACELP lieha ho feta G.723.1, Boleng ba lentsoe bo holimo ho feta G.723.1.
2. Gateway (Gateway)
Ena ke H.An kgetho bakeng sa tsamaiso ea 323. Heke e ka fetola liprothokholo, li-audio, li-algorithms tsa li-coding tsa video le matšoao a ho laola a sebelisoang ke litsamaiso tse fapaneng ho amohela puisano ea tsamaiso ea tsamaiso.E kang PSTN-based of H.324 System le narrowband. ISDN-based H.The 320 System le H.323 Bakeng sa puisano ea tsamaiso, hoa hlokahala ho lokisa tsela ea heke;
3.Ho boloka meetlo (Molebeli oa monyako)
Ena ke H.Karolwana ya boikgethelo ba 323 tsamaiso ke software ya ho phethela tshebetso ya tsamaiso.E na le mesebetsi e mmedi e meholo: ya pele ke ho tsamaiso ya H.323 Kopo;ea bobeli ke tsamaiso ea puisano ea li-terminal ka heke (e kang ho theha mohala, ho tlosa, joalo-joalo). ho boloka.e le 'ngoe H.323 Sebaka sa puisano se ka ba le liheke tse ngata, empa ke tsela e le 'ngoe feela e sebetsang.
4.Multipoint control unit (Multipoint Control Unit)
MCU e nolofalletsa puisano ea lintlha tse ngata ho marang-rang a IP, 'me puisano ea ntlha-to-point ha e hlokehe.Sistimi eohle e theha topology ea linaleli ka MCU.MCU e na le likarolo tse peli tse kholo: multipoint controller MC le multipoint processor MP, kapa ntle le M.H lipakeng tsa MC processing terminals.245 Laola litaba ho aha lebitso le fokolang la sechaba bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea molumo le video.MC ha e sebetse ka kotloloho phallo efe kapa efe ea litaba tsa media, empa e e tlohella MP. MP e kopanya, e fetola le ho tsamaisa molumo , video, kapa lintlha tsa data.
Ka indasteri ho na le meralo e 'meli e tšoanang, e 'ngoe ke ITU-T H e hlahisitsoeng ka holimo.323 Protocol is SIP protocol (RFC2543) e sisintsoeng ke Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF),' me protocol ea SIP e loketse haholoanyane bakeng sa li-terminals tse bohlale.
Ea boraro, Tšusumetso ea ntlafatso ea VoIP
Tšebeliso e atileng ea VoIP e tla phethahala ka potlako ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa software, software, nts'etsopele e amanang le tsoelo-pele ea thekenoloji ho protocol le litekanyetso.Khatelo-pele ea thekenoloji le tsoelo-pele mafapheng ana a phetha karolo ea ho khanna ho theha marang-rang a VoIP a sebetsang hantle, a sebetsang le a sebelisanang. Lintlha tsa tekheniki tse khothaletsang nts'etsopele e potlakileng esita le ts'ebeliso e atileng ea VoIP li ka akaretsoa ka lintlha tse latelang.
1.Digital Signal Processor
Li-processor tsa matshwao tsa dijithale tse tsoetseng pele (Digital Signal Processor, DSP) li etsa likarolo tse matla tsa khomphutha tse hlokehang bakeng sa kopanyo ea lentsoe le data.DSP e sebetsana le matšoao a dijithale haholo-holo ho etsa lipalo tse rarahaneng tse ka 'nang tsa tlameha ho etsoa ke CPU ea bokahohle. matla a ho sebetsa ka theko e tlase a etsa hore DSP e lokele ho etsa mesebetsi ea ts'ebetso ea mats'oao ho sistimi ea VoIP.
Ho phalla ha lentsoe le le leng ho G.729 Theko ea computing ea compression ea lentsoe hangata e kholo, e hlokang 20MIPS.Haeba CPU e bohareng e hlokahala ho etsa mesebetsi ea tsamaiso le tsamaiso ha e ntse e sebetsana le melaetsa e mengata ea lentsoe, sena ke ntho e sa utloahaleng.Ka hona, ho sebelisa DSP e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta ho ka tlosa mosebetsi oa k'homphieutha oa algorithm e rarahaneng ea compression ea lentsoe ho tloha bohareng ba CPU.Ho phaella moo, DSP e loketse ho lemoha mosebetsi oa lentsoe le ho hlakola echo, ho ba lumella ho sebetsana le melaetsa ea data ea lentsoe ka nako ea sebele le ho fihlella kapele. memoring ya boto, kahoo. Karolong ena, re qaqisa mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong khouto ea lentsoe le ho hlakoloa ha molumo sethaleng sa TMS320C6201DSP.
Protocol and standard software and hardware H.323 Weighted fair queuing method DSP MPLS tag exchange weighted random detected early ASIC RTP, RTCP dual funnel general cell rate algorithm DWDM RSVP rated access rate fast SONET Diffserv, CAR Cisco fast forwarding CPU processing power G. 729, G.729a: CS-ACELP Tafole e Atolositsoeng ea ho fihlella ADSL, RADSL, SDSL FRF.11/FRF.12 Token barrel algorithm Multilink PPP Frame Relay Data rectifier SIP e ipapisitse le kopanyo ea pele ea CoS Packet holim'a SONET IP le ATM QoS / CoS
2.E tsoetseng pele e inehetseng e kopantsoeng lipotoloho
Ts'ebetso ea Application-Specific Integrated Circait (ASIC) e hlahisitse ASIC.ASIC e potlakileng, e rarahaneng, le e sebetsang haholoanyane. li ka ntlafatsoa haholo bakeng sa mesebetsi e itseng, hangata ka CPU e nang le merero e 'meli e le' ngoe kapa liodara tse 'maloa tsa boholo ka potlako.
Joalo ka ha chip ea Thin Instruction set Computer (RSIC) e shebane le ts'ebetsong e potlakileng ea linomoro tse lekanyelitsoeng, ASIC e lokiselitsoe esale pele ho etsa palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea mesebetsi ka potlako.Ha nts'etsopele e phethiloe, theko ea tlhahiso ea boima ba ASIC e tlase, 'me e sebelisoa. bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tse kenyeletsang li-routers le li-switches, ho etsa mesebetsi e kang ho hlahloba tafole ea routing, ho fetisa lihlopha, ho hlophisa lihlopha le ho hlahloba, le ho etsa mela. marang-rang, kahoo ba bapala karolo e kholo ho nts'etsopele ea VoIP.
Theknoloji ea phetisetso ea 3.IP
Boholo ba marang-rang a lithelefono a sebelisa nako ea ho arola li-multiplexing, athe Marang-rang a tlameha ho sebelisa lipalo-palo hape le phapanyetsano e telele ea lipakete.Ha ho bapisoa, ea morao-rao e na le tekanyo e phahameng ea tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, khokahano e bonolo le e sebetsang hantle, 'me e sebetsa haholo litšebeletsong tsa data, e leng e' ngoe ea mabaka a bohlokoa bakeng sa tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea Inthanete. , kahoo ntshetsopele ya dipalopalo multiplexing phapanyetsano pakete e khahlile amehang.Hajoale, ho phaella molokong o mocha oa IP protocol-IPV6, the world Internet engineering task group (IETF) proposed the multi-protocol tag exchange technology (MPLS), ena. ke mofuta oa khetho ea marang-rang e thehiloeng ho fapanyetsana ka li-tag / label, e ka ntlafatsang ho feto-fetoha ha khetho ea litsela, ho atolosa bokhoni ba khetho ea marang-rang, ho nolofatsa router le phapanyetsano ea phapanyetsano ea mocha, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang.MPLS e ka sebetsa e le protocol e ikemetseng ea ho tsamaisa, le e lumellana le protocol e teng ea ho tsamaisa marang-rang, e ts'ehetsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso, tsamaiso le tlhokomelo ea IP network, etsa hore QoS, routing, pontšo ea tshebetso e ntlafale haholo, ho fihla kapa haufi le boemo ba lipalo-palo ho sebelisoa hape e tsitsitseng bolelele ba pakete phapanyetsano (ATM), le e bonolo, e sebetsang hantle, e theko e tlaase le e sebetsang ho feta ATM.
IETF e boetse e tšoara theknoloji e ncha ea lihlopha sebakeng sa heno, e le ho finyella khetho ea litsela tsa QoS. "Theknoloji ea "tunnel" e ntse e ithutoa ho finyella phetiso ea marang-rang ea li-link tsa tsela e le 'ngoe. Ho phaella moo, mokhoa oa ho khetha sethaleng sa phetisetso ea marang-rang ea IP hape ke lefapha la bohlokoa la lipatlisiso lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'me IP holim'a ATM, IP holim'a SDH, IP holim'a DWDM le mekhoa e meng ea theknoloji e hlahile ka ho latellana.
IP layer e fa basebelisi ba IP lits'ebeletso tsa boleng bo holimo tsa phihlello ea IP tse nang le litiisetso tse itseng tsa lits'ebeletso.Lekala la mosebelisi le fana ka foromo ea phihlello (IP access le broadband access) le foromo ea litaba tsa litšebeletso. marang-rang a IP, ke taba ea 'nete, empa IP overDWDM e na le theknoloji ea morao-rao, 'me e na le menyetla e mengata ea tsoelo-pele.
Dense Wave Division MultipLexing (DWDM) e kenya bophelo bo bocha ho marang-rang a fiber mme e fana ka bandwidth e tsotehang lik'hamphaning tsa telecom tse behang fiber backbone e ncha.Theknoloji ea DWDM e sebelisa bokhoni ba lisebelisoa tsa optical le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa optical transmission. maqhubu a khanya (LASER) ho tloha molapong o le mong oa fiber ea optical. Mekhoa ea hona joale e ka romela le ho lemoha maqhubu a 16, ha mekhoa ea nakong e tlang e ka tšehetsa 40 ho ea ho 96 e feletseng ea wavelengths. Sena ke sa bohlokoa hobane bolelele bo bong le bo bong bo eketsehileng bo eketsa phallo e eketsehileng ea boitsebiso. ka hona eketsa marang-rang a 2.6 Gbit / s (OC-48) ka makhetlo a 16 ntle le ho beha likhoele tse ncha.
Boholo ba marang-rang a macha a macha a tsamaisa OC-192 ho (9.6 Gbit / s), a hlahisa matla a fetang 150 Gbit / s holim'a likhoele tse peli ha a kopantsoe le DWDM. Ho phaella moo, DWDM e fana ka protocol ea interface le likarolo tse ikemetseng ka potlako, 'me e tšehetsa ATM ka bobeli. , SDH le Gigabit Ethernet pontšo ea ho fetisoa ka fiber e le 'ngoe, e ka lumellanang le marang-rang a teng, kahoo DWDM e ka sireletsa thepa e teng, empa hape e fana ka lik'hamphani tsa ISP le tsa telecom tse nang le mokokotlo o matla,' me li etsa hore Broadband e theko e tlaase ebile e fumaneha haholoanyane, e fanang ka. tšehetso e matla bakeng sa litlhoko tsa bandwidth tsa tharollo ea VoIP.
Sekhahla se ntseng se eketseha sa phetisetso ha se fane feela ka phaephe e mahoashe e nang le monyetla o fokolang oa ho thibela, empa hape e fokotsa ho lieha ho feta, 'me kahoo e ka fokotsa haholo litlhoko tsa QoS ho marang-rang a IP.
4.Theknoloji ea phihlello ea Broadband
Ho fihlella ha basebelisi ba marang-rang a IP ho fetohile bothata bo thibelang nts'etsopele ea marang-rang kaofela.Ka nako e telele, sepheo sa ho qetela sa ho fihlella ha basebelisi ke fiber-to-home (FTTH) .Ha re bua ka mokhoa o pharaletseng, marang-rang a optical access network optical digital loop carrier system. le passive optical network.Ea pele e haholo-holo United States, e kopantsoe le molomo o bulehileng V5.1 / V5.2, e fetisetsa tsamaiso ea eona e kopantsoeng holim'a fiber ea optical, e bontšang matla a maholo.
Ea ho qetela ke haholo-holo ka tatellano le Jeremane.Ka lilemo tse fetang leshome, Japane e nkile letoto la mehato ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa marang-rang a passive optical ho ea boemong bo ts'oanang le lithapo tsa koporo le litšepe tse sothehileng, 'me li e sebelisitse ho sebelisa.Haholo-holo. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ITU e hlahisitse marang-rang a marang-rang a ATM-based passive optical network (APON), e tlatsanang le melemo ea ATM le marang-rang a marang-rang.Sekhahla sa phihlello se ka fihla ho 622 M bit/s, e leng molemo haholo ho nts'etsopele ea broadband IP multimedia service, 'me e ka fokotsa sekhahla sa ho hloleha le palo ea li-node, le ho atolosa tšireletso.Hajoale, ITU e phethile mosebetsi oa maemo. , bahlahisi ba ntse ba tsoela pele ka mafolofolo, ho tla ba le thepa 'marakeng, e tla ba tataiso e ka sehloohong ea tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea ho fihlella Broadband bakeng sa lekholo la bo21 la lilemo.
Hona joale, mekhoa e meholo ea mekhoa ea ho fihlella ke: PSTN, IADN, ADSL, CM, DDN, X.25 le Ethernet le mohala oa tsamaiso ea marang-rang ea marang-rang, joalo-joalo Theknoloji ena ea ho fihlella e na le litšobotsi tsa eona, ho kenyelletsa le ADSL le CM tse ntseng li hōla ka potlako;CM (Modem ea Cable) e sebelisa mohala oa coaxial, tekanyo e phahameng ea phetisetso, bokhoni bo matla ba ho thibela ho kena-kenana;empa eseng phetiso ea litsela tse peli, ha ho na maemo a tšoanang.ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Loop) e na le phihlello e ikhethileng ea marang-rang, e sebelisa ka botlalo marang-rang a teng a mohala le ho fana ka sekhahla sa phetisetso ea asymmetric.Sekhahla sa ho jarolla ka lehlakoreng la mosebelisi se ka fihla ho 8 Mbit/s, 'me sekhahla sa ho jarolla lehlakoreng la mosebelisi se ka fihla ho 1M bit / s.ADSL e fana ka marang-rang a hlokahalang bakeng sa likhoebo le basebelisi bohle, mme e fokotsa litšenyehelo haholo.Ho sebelisa ADSL ea theko e tlase. lipotoloho tsa libaka, lik'hamphani hona joale li kena Inthaneteng le VPN e thehiloeng Inthaneteng ka lebelo le phahameng, e lumellang bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho letsetsa VoIP.
Theknoloji ea 5.Central processing unit unit
Central processing units (CPU) e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha ka ts'ebetso, matla, le lebelo.Sena se nolofalletsa ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea PC ea multimedia le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mesebetsi ea tsamaiso e lekanyelitsoeng ke matla a CPU.Bokhoni ba PC ba ho sebetsana le data ea molumo le video ke khale bo letetsoe. ka basebelisi, kahoo ho fana ka mehala ea lentsoe ho marang-rang a data ke ka tlhaho sepheo se latelang.Tlhahiso ena ea komporo e thusa ka bobeli lits'ebetso tse tsoetseng pele tsa komporo ea multimedia le likarolo tse tsoetseng pele likarolong tsa marang-rang ho tšehetsa lits'ebetso tsa lentsoe.