1.PON Isingeniso
(1)Yini i-PON
Ubuchwepheshe be-PON (inethiwekhi ye-passive optical) (okubandakanya i-EPON, i-GPON) iwubuchwepheshe bokuqalisa obuyinhloko bokuthuthukiswa kwe-FTTx (i-fiber ekhaya).Ingagcina izinsiza ze-fiber yomgogodla kanye namazinga enethiwekhi, futhi ingahlinzeka ngamakhono omkhawulokudonsa ophezulu wezindlela ezimbili ngaphansi kwezimo zokudlulisa amabanga amade.Kunezinhlobo ezicebile zezinsizakalo zokufinyelela, futhi amandla ayo okuphatha akude kanye nesakhiwo senethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ye-optical passive kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nezokulungisa, futhi kungasekela izimo zohlelo lokusebenza eziningi.
(2) Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-PON
Selokhu kwavela i-PON, isineminyaka eminingi ithuthuka, yenza uchungechunge lwemiqondo, ukucaciswa nokulandelana kwemikhiqizo efana ne-APON, BPON, EPON, ne-GPON.
I-APON (ATMPON)
I-ATM iyiphrothokholi yokudlulisa esekwe kumaseli.I-155Mb/s yesistimu ye-PON imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, amazinga ochungechunge lwe-ITU-TG.983;
I-BPON (BroadbandPON)
Izinga le-APON kamuva laqiniswa ukuze lisekele izinga lokudlulisela elingu-622Mb/s, kuyilapho kwenezelwa imisebenzi efana nokwabiwa komkhawulokudonsa oguquguqukayo nokuvikelwa.
I-EPON (Ethernet PON)
I-GPON (GigabitPON)
(3) Ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela i-Optical fibre
2.EPON isingeniso
(1) Yini i-EPON?
I-EPON (i-Ethernet Passive Optical Network) iwuhlobo lwesakhiwo senethiwekhi se-point-to-multipoint, indlela yokudlulisa i-fiber optical, esekelwe kusiteji se-Ethernet esinesivinini esikhulu kanye ne-TDM (isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwe-multiplexing) indlela yokulawula ukufinyelela kwemidiya ye-MAC, ehlinzeka nge-multiple An. ubuchwepheshe obudidiyelwe bokufinyelela ku-broadband.
Isistimu ye-EPON isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-WDM ukuze ibone ukudluliswa kwe-wirirectional ye-fiber eyodwa.
(2) Isimiso se-EPON
Ukuze kuhlukaniswe amasignali angenayo naphumayo amapheya amaningi abasebenzisi ku-fiber efanayo, izindlela ezimbili ezilandelayo zokuphindaphinda ziyasetshenziswa.
a.Ukusakazwa kwedatha okwehlayo kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza.
b.Ukusakazwa kwedatha okukhuphukayo kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-TDMA.
(3)Umgomo we-EPON-downstream
a.Nikeza i-LLID ehlukile ngemuva kwe-I-ONUibhaliswe ngempumelelo.
b.Engeza i-LLID ngaphambi kokuqala kwephakethe ngalinye ukuze ufake esikhundleni samabhayithi amabili okugcina esandulelo se-Ethernet.
c.Qhathanisa uhlu lokubhalisa lwe-LLID laphoOLTithola idatha.Uma i-ONU ithola idatha, ithola kuphela ozimele noma ozimele abasakazayo abafana ne-LLID yayo.
(4) Isimiso se-EPON-Uplink
a.Qhathanisa uhlu lokubhalisa lwe-LLID ngaphambi kokuthi i-OLT ithole idatha.
b.I-ONU ngayinye ithumela uhlaka lwedatha esikhaleni sesikhathi esabelwe izinto zasehhovisi ngendlela efanayo.
c.Isikhathi esabiwe sinxephezela igebe lebanga phakathi kwama-ONU futhi sigwema ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-ONU.
(5) Inqubo yokusebenza yohlelo lwe-EPON
Ukusebenza kwe-OLT
a.Khiqiza imilayezo yesitembu sesikhathi ngesikhathi sereferensi yesistimu.
b.Yabela umkhawulokudonsa ngokusebenzisa ozimele be-MPCP.3. Yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
c.Lawula ukubhaliswa kwe-ONU.
Ukusebenza kwe-ONU
a.I-ONU ivumelanisa ne-OLT ngokusebenzisa isitembu sesikhathi sozimele wokulawula umfula.
b.I-ONU ilinde uhlaka lokutholwa.
c.I-ONU yenza ukucutshungulwa kokutholakala, okuhlanganisa: ukuhluka, ukucacisa i-ID ebonakalayo kanye nomkhawulokudonsa.
d.I-ONU ilinda ukugunyazwa, i-ONU ingathumela idatha kuphela ngesikhathi esigunyaziwe.
(6) Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokuphatha inethiwekhi ye-EPON
Uhlelo lokuphatha inethiwekhi ye-EPON luhlukaniswe ngamamojula amane ngokusho kwemisebenzi yokuphatha inethiwekhi: ukuphathwa kokucushwa, ukuphathwa kokusebenza, ukuphathwa kwamaphutha kanye nokuphathwa kokuphepha.
(7) Ukufezekiswa kohlelo lokuphatha inethiwekhi ye-EPON
a.Ukugcwaliseka kohlelo lokuphatha inethiwekhi ye-EPON kufaka phakathi ukugcwaliseka kwesofthiwe yokuphatha inethiwekhi yesiteshi sokuphatha kanye nokufezekiswa kwesofthiwe yesiteshi se-ejenti.
b.Uhlelo lokuphatha inethiwekhi yesiteshi sokuphatha luyibhizinisi elilawulayo elinikeza abasebenzisi isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenzisanayo futhi lisebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-SNMP ukuphatha inqubo ye-ejenti.
c.Ukugcwaliseka kwe-SNMP esiteshini somenzeli ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukugcwaliseka kwesofthiwe yenqubo ye-ejenti kanye nomklamo nokuhleleka kwe-MIB.
3. Isingeniso se-GPON
(1) Yini i-GPON?
I-GPON (I-Gigabit-CapablePON I-Gigabit Passive Optical Network) ubuchwepheshe yisizukulwane sakamuva se-broadband passive optical integrate access standard esekelwe ezingeni le-ITU-TG.984.x (International Telecommunication Union TG.984.x), elinomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukumbozwa okukhulu, isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi nokunye okuningi. izinzuzo zithathwa abaningi opharetha njengobuchwepheshe obufanele bokubona i-broadband kanye noguquko oluphelele lwezinsiza zenethiwekhi.
(2) Umgomo we-GPON
Ukusakazwa kwe-GPON phansi komfula
Imodi ye-GPONS upstream-TDMA
I-topology yenethiwekhi yemodi yokudlulisa i-passive optical fiber ikakhulukazi yakhiwe i-OLT (itheminali yomugqa wokukhanya), i-ODN (inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa okubonakalayo), kanye ne-ONU (iyunithi yenethiwekhi yokubona).
I-ODN ihlinzeka ngezindlela zokudlulisa amehlo ze-OLT ne-ONU.Iqukethe isihlukanisi se-passive optical kanye nesihlanganisi se-passive optical.Kuyidivayisi ye-passive exhuma i-OLT ne-ONU.
(3) Umgomo we-GPON ukuya phezulu
a.Ukudluliswa kwedatha ekhuphukayo kulawulwa ngokufanayo yi-OLT.
b.I-ONU idlulisa idatha yomsebenzisi ngokuvumelana nesikhathi esabelwe i-OLT ukuze kugwenywe izingxabano zokudluliswa kwedatha ezikhiqizwa i-ONU.
c.I-ONU ifaka idatha ye-uplink endaweni yayo yesikhathi ngokuya ngohlaka lokwabiwa kwesikhala sesikhathi, iqaphela ukwabelana komkhawulokudonsa wesiteshi esikhuphukayo phakathi kwama-ONU amaningi.
(4) Imodi yenethiwekhi ye-GPON
I-GPON isebenzisa kakhulu izindlela ezintathu zokuxhumana: i-FTTH/O, i-FTTB+LAN ne-FTTB+DSL.
a.I-FTTH/O iyifayibha eya ekhaya/ehhovisi.Ngemuva kokuthi i-fiber optical ingena kusihlukanisi, ixhunywe ngokuqondile kumsebenzisi we-ONU.I-ONU isetshenziswa umsebenzisi oyedwa kuphela, enomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nezindleko eziphakeme, futhi ngokuvamile ihloselwe abasebenzisi abasezingeni eliphezulu nabasebenzisi bezentengiselwano.
b.I-FTTB+LAN isebenzisa i-fiber ukuze ifinyelele esakhiweni, bese ixhuma izinsiza ezahlukene kubasebenzisi abaningi nge-ONU yomthamo omkhulu (ebizwa nge-MDU).Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi abaningi babelana ngezinsiza zomkhawulokudonsa we-ONU eyodwa, futhi umuntu ngamunye usebenzisa umkhawulokudonsa ophansi kanye nezindleko eziphansi., Ngokujwayelekile kubasebenzisi bezindawo zokuhlala ezisezingeni eliphansi nabasezingeni eliphansi.
c.I-FTTB+ADSL isebenzisa i-fiber ukuze ifinyelele esakhiweni, bese isebenzisa i-ADSL ukuze ixhume amasevisi kubasebenzisi abaningi, futhi abasebenzisi abaningi babelane nge-ONU.Umkhawulokudonsa, izindleko kanye nesisekelo samakhasimende ziyefana nalezo ze-FTTB+LAN.
4. Ukuqhathanisa ubuchwepheshe be-GPON ne-EPON
Ngokubheka izici ezihlukene ze-GPON kanye nobuchwepheshe be-EPON, ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo kungenziwa kulobu buchwepheshe obubili.
(1) I-GPON isekela amazinga esilinganiso ahlukahlukene, futhi ingasekela izilinganiso zokukhuphuka komfula kanye naphansi komfula.I-GPON inenkululeko enkulu ekukhethweni kwezingxenye ze-optical, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise izindleko.
(2）I-EPON isekela kuphela amazinga e-ODN Ekilasi A no-B, kuyilapho i-GPON ikwazi ukusekela Ikilasi A, B kanye no-C, ukuze i-GPON ikwazi ukusekela isilinganiso esifinyelela ku-128 sokuhlukaniswa kanye nebanga elifinyelela ku-20km lokudlulisela.
(3） Qhathanisa kuphela kusukela kuphrothokholi, ngoba izinga le-EPON lisekelwe esakhiweni sesistimu ye-802.3, ngakho-ke uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga le-GPON, ukubekwa kwephrothokholi yayo kulula futhi ukuqaliswa kwesistimu kulula.
(4） I-ITU ilandele imiqondo eminingi yezinga le-APON elingu-G.983 ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izinga le-GPON, eliphelele kakhulu kunezinga le-EPON elakhiwe yi-EFM.Ukuhlinzekwa kwendlela yongqimba ye-TC esebenza kahle kakhulu kuzoba iphuzu elibalulekile le-ITU ekwakheni amazinga e-GPON.
(5) Izinga le-GPON libeka ukuthi isendlalelo esingaphansi se-TC singasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokuhlanganisa, i-ATM ne-GFP.Indlela ye-GFP encapsulation ifanele ukuthwala i-IP/PPP namanye amaphrothokholi asuselwa kuphakethe asezingeni eliphezulu.