Raƙuman haske sune hasken wutan lantarki da ke haifar da electrons a cikin aiwatar da motsin atomic.Motsin electrons a cikin atom na abubuwa daban-daban ya bambanta, don haka igiyoyin hasken da suke fitarwa su ma daban-daban.
Spectrum wani nau'in haske ne na monochromatic wanda aka rabu da tsarin watsawa (kamar prism da grating) bayan an raba hasken polychromatic da tsarin watsawa, wanda aka tsara shi bi da bi bisa ga tsawon zango (ko mitar).Ana kiransa bakan gani a cikakke.
Lokacin gwada na'urar watsawa tosa, yawanci muna haɗa da siga, SMSR (Ratio na Yanke Yanayin Gefe).Matsakaicin madaidaicin ƙimar babban ƙarfin yanayin yanayin zuwa ƙarfin yanayin gefe ana kiransa rabon rage yanayin gefe, wanda shine mahimmin nuni na aikin yanayin a tsaye.Gabaɗaya, lokacin auna ƙimar ƙi na yanayin gefe, yana buƙatar amfani da shi tare da alama da bincike a cikin na'urar tantancewa.Ana amfani da mai yin don gano kololuwar igiyar igiyar ruwa ta tsakiya da mafi girman kololuwar igiyar ruwa ta sakandare.Karanta kololuwa biyu.Matsakaicin kin amincewa da yanayin gefen shine bambancin matakin makamashi tsakanin kololuwar biyu.Ana iya ƙididdige shi ta hanyar ƙananan zaɓuɓɓuka a cikin bincike.
An bayyana shi azaman rabo na farkon yanayin tsayin daka na iya gani na gani M1 da cikakken ikon gani na gani na M2 a ƙarƙashin yanayin cikakken daidaitawa.
Tsarin lissafin shine:
SMSR=10*lg(M1/M2)
A cikin mai watsawa na gani, gabaɗaya an ƙayyade cewa SMSR ya fi 30dB;wato ikon gani na yanayin yanayin tsaye na farko ya fi sau 1000 mafi girman ƙarfin gani na yanayin gefen.Mafi girman ƙimar SMSR, mafi yawan hanyar haske.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa: SMSR shine 51dB
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