Hamwe niterambere ryimijyi igezweho igana kumikorere myinshi, imiterere yimijyi iragenda irushaho kuba ingorabahizi, kandi hariho amajana, amagana, cyangwa ibihumbi n'ibihumbi byo kugenzura ubutaka.Kugirango amashami yimikorere ashobore gutahura amashusho yigihe-gihe, asobanutse kandi yujuje ubuziranenge amashusho byihuse, Garagaza impagarara zumutungo wa fibre optique.Byongeye kandi, muri iki gihe ibikorwa bigenda byiyongera kandi bigoye mumijyi, kongera gushyira insinga za fibre optique ntabwo bihenze cyane, ariko guhuza amashyaka yose biragoye.Urebye ibi, nigute wakemura ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru?
Mubyukuri, ikibazo kimwe cyahuye nacyo mukubaka FTTH (Fibre to Home) nabashinzwe itumanaho.Kugirango ukemure iki kibazo, tanga umukino wuzuye kumurongo mugari wa fibre optique, ukemure ikibazo cyibikoresho bya fibre optique, kandi utezimbere ubwizerwe bwurusobe, abakora itumanaho bahisemo ikoranabuhanga rya PON (pasiporo optique).Iri koranabuhanga rirashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukurikirana imiyoboro yumutekano.
PON (PassiveOpticalNetwork) numuyoboro mwiza wa optique.Umuyoboro mwiza wa optique urimo umurongo wa optique (OLT) washyizwe muri sitasiyo yo hagati, hamwe nu murongo uhuza ibice bya optique (ONU) byashyizwe mubikorwa byumukoresha.Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza optique (ODN) hagati ya OLT na ONU urimo fibre optique hamwe na optique ya optique itandukanya cyangwa ihuza.
Umuyoboro mwiza wa optique ntabwo ufite ibikoresho bifatika kuva hagati kugeza kumurongo utuye.Ahubwo, ibikoresho bya optique byinjizwa murusobe kandi traffic yoherejwe iyobowe no gutandukanya imbaraga zuburebure bwa optique kumuhanda wose.Uku gusimburwa kuvanaho gukenera abakoresha gutanga no kubungabunga ibikoresho bikora murwego rwohereza, bizigama cyane ibiciro byabakoresha.Gutandukanya ibice bya optique hamwe na coupers bigira uruhare gusa mu kohereza no kugabanya urumuri, ntibikeneye gutanga amashanyarazi no gutunganya amakuru, kandi bifite igihe ntarengwa ntarengwa hagati yo kunanirwa, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga muburyo bwose.
Ibyiza bya tekinoroji ya PON bigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira:
1. Umuyoboro mwiza wa fibre optique nigisubizo kiboneye cyiterambere ryigihe kizaza, cyane cyane tekinoroji ya PON byagaragaye ko aribwo buryo buhenze cyane muguhuza umurongo mugari wa none.
2. Bitewe no gukoresha tekinoroji ya PON, umuyoboro wose wo gukwirakwiza optique ni pasiporo, kandi umuyoboro wa optique ni muto mubunini kandi byoroshye mubikoresho.Ugereranije numuyoboro wumuringa wumuringa, PON irashobora kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga no gukora, kandi ikirinda rwose kwivanga kwa electromagnetique no kutabangamira inkuba.
3. Passive ONU (optique y'urusobekerane rwa optique) ya PON ntabwo ikeneye amashanyarazi, ntabwo ikuraho gusa urukurikirane rwibibazo byo gutanga amashanyarazi, ariko kandi ifite ubwizerwe bwiza kuruta ibikoresho bikora.
4. Kuberako ibice bya passiyo bikoreshwa kandi optique ya fibre optique ikwirakwizwa, igiciro cyishoramari cyurusobe rwose rwa optique ni gito.
5. PON ibonerana kuri sisitemu yo kohereza ikoreshwa kurwego runaka, kandi biroroshye kuzamura.
Ikoranabuhanga rya PON ryabaye ihitamo ryambere ryinganda kuri fibre-murugo (FTTH).Ikoranabuhanga rya PON rikoresha ingingo-kuri-kugwiza topologiya, no kumanura no guhanagura amakuru binyuze muri TDM na TDMA.Intera iri hagati ya OLT na ONU irashobora kugera kuri 20km, igipimo cyo kohereza ni icyerekezo kimwe cya 1Gbps, kandi igipimo kinini cyo gutandukana muri rusange gishyigikira 1:32 cyangwa irenga.Irashobora kwigabanyamo urwego rumwe cyangwa ibice byinshi muri casade.
Gukoresha tekinoroji ya PON birashobora gukemura neza imiyoboro ikurikirana umurongo hamwe nintera ntarengwa.Ibikoresho bya OLT kuruhande rwibiro byoherejwe mucyumba cyibiro kuruhande rwibiro.Gutandukanya urwego rwinshi rukoreshwa mugutahura uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza ingingo.Kamera ya ONU + ikoreshwa nka terefone ihuza.ONU irashobora kuba PoE ihindura imikorere ya PON.Ku cyumba cyo kugenzura abakiriya no kubika seriveri.Irashobora gukurikiranwa mucyumba cyo kugenzura mugihe nyacyo, kandi amakuru ya videwo yoherejwe kububiko bwa seriveri icyarimwe, byorohereza gukusanya ibimenyetso nyuma yukuri.
Uyu munsi, "gutera imbere kwa optique no gukuramo umuringa", ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya PON ni ngombwa cyane.Fengrunda yatangije ibikoresho bya OLT na ONU, ndetse no gushyigikira ibisubizo byumutekano wa PON, hanyuma abanza gutangiza PoE switch ifite imikorere ya PON, ibyo bikaba byujuje icyuho cya ONU idafite PoE ku isoko ryubu.Sisitemu yo kurebera kure ya videwo ikoresheje tekinoroji ya PON ikemura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ibibazo by’ingutu kandi bigoye byo kugenzura hamwe n’umutungo wa fibre ukomeye mu mijyi igezweho.Ifite inyungu ntagereranywa mubice byinshi nkiboneza imiyoboro, ibikoresho bya fibre, ubwiza bwa videwo, no kwizerwa.Iterambere rya serivise zo kurebera kure zitanga ibisubizo byiza byurusobe.