Umgomo wokuxhumana obonakalayo
Isimiso sokuxhumana simi kanje.Ekugcineni kokuthumela, ulwazi oludlulisiwe (njengezwi) kufanele luguqulwe lube amasignali kagesi kuqala, bese amasignali kagesi ashintshwa abe yilaser ekhishwa yilaser (umthombo wokukhanya), ukuze ukuqina kokukhanya kuyahlukahluka nge-amplitude (imvamisa) yezimpawu zikagesi futhi ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokubonisa okuphelele kokukhanya, isignali ye-optical idluliselwa ku-fiber optical.Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa nokuhlakazeka kwe-fiber optical, isignali ye-optical izoba inciphile futhi ihlanekezelwe ngemva kokudluliselwa kude.Isignali encishisiwe ikhuliswa ku-optical repeater ukuze kulungiswe i-waveform ehlanekezelwe.Ekugcineni kokwamukela, umtshina uthola isignali ye-optical futhi uyiguqule ibe isignali kagesi, eyehliswayo ukuze ibuyisele ulwazi lwangempela.
Izinzuzo zokudluliswa kwe-fiber optical:
● Umthamo omkhulu wokuxhumana, ibanga elide lokuxhumana, ukuzwela okuphezulu, futhi akukho ukuphazamiseka komsindo
● Usayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, impilo ende, ikhwalithi enhle kanye nenani eliphansi
● I-insulation, ukumelana nengcindezi ephezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukugqwala, ukuguquguquka okuqinile
● Ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo okuphezulu
● Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezicebile namandla aphansi: Impahla esetshenziswayo eyisisekelo kakhulu yokwenza i-quartz fiber i-silica, okuyisihlabathi, kanti isihlabathi yi-abun.
I-Optical fibre communication yakhiwa uchungechunge lwezisetshenziswa zokuxhumana ezibonwa ngamehlo emvelo, ngakho intengo yazo iphansi.Imishini yokubona ihlukaniswa yaba amadivaysi asebenzayo kanye namadivayisi asetshenziswayo. isignali kagesi ibe isignali yokubona noma ukuguqula isignali yokubona ibe isignali kagesi, futhi iyinhliziyo yesistimu yokudlulisa amehlo. Izingxenye ze-Optical passive amadivayisi adinga inani elithile lamandla ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana optical kodwa awanawo ugesi wesithombe noma i-electro- ukuguqulwa kwe-optic.Zingama-node angukhiye wezinhlelo zokudlulisa amehlo, okuhlanganisa izixhumi ze-fiber optic, ama-multiplexers e-wavelength division, ama-splitter optical, nama-switch optical., ama-circulator optical kanye nama-isolators optical.
● Izintambo zokuhlanganisa i-fiber optic (ezaziwa nangokuthi izixhumi ze-fiber optic) zibhekisela kumapulaki okuxhuma kuzo zombili iziphetho zekhebula ukuze kuxhunywe indlela esebenzayo.Ipulaki kwelinye icala ibizwa ngokuthi i-pigtail.
● I-Wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) ihlanganisa uchungechunge lwamasignali optical anamaza ahlukene ahlukene futhi iwadlulisele ngefayibha eyodwa yokubona.Indlela yokuxhumana lapho amasignali okubona amaza ahlukene ahlukaniswa khona ngezindlela ezithile ekugcineni kokwamukela.
● I-Optical splitter (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-splitter) iyithuluzi le-fiber-optic tandem elinokufakwa okuningi nokuphuma okuningi. Ngokomgomo wokuhlukanisa, isihlukanisi esibonakalayo singahlukaniswa sibe izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwe-taper oluncibilikisiwe kanye nohlobo lwe-waveguide oluyipulani ( Uhlobo lwe-PLC).
● Iswishi ye-Optical iyidivayisi eshintshayo yokubona, okuyidivayisi yokubona enembobo yokudlulisela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ozikhethela yona.Umsebenzi wayo ukushintsha ngokomzimba noma ukusebenzisa ngokunengqondo amasignali okukhanya emigqeni yokudlulisa amehlo noma izindlela ezihlanganisiwe zokubona.
●I-optical circulator iyidivayisi yokubona enezimbobo eziningi enezici ezingahoshelani.
● Uma isignali yokubona ifakwa kunoma iyiphi imbobo, iphuma esikhaleni esilandelayo ngokulahleka okuncane ngokohlelo lwedijithali.Uma isignali iwukufakwa ku-port 1, ingaphuma kuphela ku-port 2. Ngokufanayo, uma isignali ifakiwe kusuka ku-port 2, ingaphuma kuphela ku-port 3.
● I-optical isolator iyisisetshenziswa sokubona esingashintshi esivumela ukukhanya kwendawo yonke kuphela ukuthi kudlule futhi sikuvimbele ukuthi sidlulele kwelinye icala.Umgomo wayo wokusebenza usekelwe ekungalinganini kokujikeleza kwe-Faraday.