Manaʻo kumu o ke kamaʻilio fiber optical.
ʻO ka fiber optical he alakaʻi nalu dielectric, kahi ʻano alakaʻi nalu e ālai i ka mālamalama a hoʻolaha i ka mālamalama i ke ala axial.
ʻO ka fiber maikaʻi loa i hana ʻia me ke aniani quartz, resin synthetic, etc.
ʻO ka fiber mode hoʻokahi: ke kumu 8-10um, ka uhi ʻana i ka 125um
Multimode fiber: kumu 51um, pale 125um
ʻO ke ala kamaʻilio o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona optical me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fibers optical i kapa ʻia ʻo optical fiber communication.
Aia nā hawewe māmā i ka māhele o nā hawewe electromagnetic.
ʻO 390-760 nm ka lōʻihi hawewe o ke kukui ʻike, ʻo ka hapa nui ma mua o 760 nm he kukui infrared, a ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi ma mua o 390 nm he kukui ultraviolet.
puka aniani hana nalu māmā (ʻekolu puka makani kamaʻilio):
ʻO ka laulā hawewe i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kamaʻilio fiber-optic aia ma kahi kokoke-infrared
ʻĀpana lōʻihi-pōkole (kukui ʻike ʻia, he kukui ʻalani ma ka maka ʻole) 850nm kukui ʻalani.
ʻĀpana lōʻihi hawewe (ʻāpana māmā ʻike ʻole ʻia) 1310 nm (ka palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), 1550 nm (ke kiko attenuation haʻahaʻa kumu)
ʻO ka hana fiber a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana
1.ʻO keʻano o ka fiber
ʻO ke ʻano o ka fiber maikaʻi loa: core, cladding, coating, jacket.
Hana ʻia ke kumu a me ka pale ʻana i nā mea quartz, a ʻo nā waiwai mechanical he palupalu a maʻalahi hoʻi e haki.No laila, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ʻelua ʻāpana o ka uhi uhi, hoʻokahi ʻano resin a me hoʻokahi papa o ke ʻano nylon, i hiki ai ka hana maʻalahi o ka fiber i nā koi noi kūpono o ka papahana.
2.Classification o nā fiber optical
(1) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka fiber e like me ka puʻupuʻu refractive index o ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka fiber: ua māhele ʻia i kahi ʻano ʻano ʻano fiber (fibre uniform) a me kahi fiber graded (fila like ʻole).
E noʻonoʻo e loaʻa i ke kumu ka papa kuhikuhi refractive o n1 a ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi refractive ʻo n2.
I mea e hiki ai i ke kumu ke hoʻouna i ke kukui ma kahi lōʻihi, ʻo ke kūlana kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka fiber optical he n1> n2.
ʻO ka puʻunaue kuhikuhipuʻuone refractive o kahi pulupulu like ʻole he mau
ʻO ke kānāwai hoʻohele ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ka fiber like ʻole:
Ma waena o lākou, △ - ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kuhikuhi refractive pili
Α—pane kuhikuhipuʻuone, α=∞—ʻano ʻano heʻanuʻu e hāʻawi ana i ka pulupulu, α=2—kaulike-kānāwai hoʻomāhele kuhikuhipuʻuone (he fiber graded).Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia fiber me nā fibers graded. ʻO ka dispersion mode ka liʻiliʻi loa.
(1) E like me ka helu o nā ʻano i hoʻouna ʻia i loko o ke kumu: hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka fiber multimode a me ka fiber mode hoʻokahi
ʻO ke kumu maʻaneʻi e pili ana i ka māhele ʻana o kahi māla electromagnetic o ke kukui i hoʻouna ʻia i loko o kahi fiber optical.He ʻano ʻokoʻa ka māhele ʻāina like ʻole.
Hoʻokahi mode (hoʻokahi wale nō mode i hoʻouna ʻia i ka fiber), multimode (nui nā ʻano i hoʻouna ʻia i ka manawa like i ka fiber)
I kēia manawa, ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o nā koi i ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻouna ʻana, ke ulu nei ka ʻoihana metropolitan i ke ala o ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui nui, no laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau hiʻohiʻona stepped mode hoʻokahi.(ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻouna iā ia iho ma mua o ka fiber multimode)
(2) Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka fiber optical:
①Nalo nā hiʻohiʻona o ka fiber optical: Hoʻouna ʻia nā hawewe māmā i ka fiber optical, a e emi mālie ka mana optical i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mamao hoʻouna.
ʻO nā kumu o ka nalo ʻana o ka fiber, ʻo ia hoʻi: nalo hoʻopili, nalowale absorption, nalowale hoʻopuehu, a me ka nalowale ʻana o ka radiation.
ʻO ke poho o ka hui ʻana ʻo ia ka poho i hoʻopili ʻia ma waena o ka fiber a me ka mea hana.
ʻO nā poho absorption ke kumu o ka absorption o ka ikehu māmā e nā mea fiber a me nā haumia.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka poho o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i Rayleigh scattering (refractive index non-uniformity) a me ka nalu alakaʻi ʻana i ka nalu (material unevenness).
ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ʻo ia ka pohō ma muli o ke kulou ʻana o ka fiber e alakaʻi ana i ke ʻano radiation i hana ʻia e ka piko o ka fiber.
② ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻopuehu o ka fiber optical: ʻO nā ʻāpana alapine like ʻole i ka hōʻailona i hoʻouna ʻia e ka fiber optical he ʻokoʻa ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana, a ʻo ke ʻano kino o ka distortion i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pulse hōʻailona i ka wā e hōʻea ai i ka pahu i kapa ʻia ʻo dispersion.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka dispersion modal, dispersion material, a me ka dispersion waveguide.
Nā ʻāpana kumu o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio fiber optical
Hoʻouna ʻāpana:
Hoʻouna ʻia ka pulse modulation signal e ka mea uila uila (electrical terminal) i ka optical transmitter (ka hōʻailona i hoʻouna ʻia e ka polokalamu-controlled switch ua hana ʻia, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano nalu, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ke kumu… a hoʻouna ʻia i ka transmitter optical)
ʻO ka hana nui o ka mea hoʻolele uila ʻo ia ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kahi hōʻailona uila i kahi hōʻailona optical i hui pū ʻia i loko o ka fiber.
Loaʻa ʻāpana:
Ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻōpika i hoʻouna ʻia ma o nā fiber optical i nā hōʻailona uila
Hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka hōʻailona uila i ka pulse modulated hōʻailona kumu a hoʻouna ʻia i ka pahu uila (ua hoʻoiho ʻia ka hōʻailona uila i hoʻouna ʻia e ka mea hoʻokipa optical, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano o ka nalu, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke ʻano o ke kumu… hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka hoʻololi programmable)
ʻāpana hoʻoili:
Hoʻokahi-mode fiber, optical repeater (electrical regenerative repeater (optical-electric-optical conversion amplification, hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻouna ʻana e ʻoi aku ka nui, e hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻapuni hoʻoholo pulse e hoʻohālikelike i ka nalu, a me ka manawa), erbium-doped fiber Amplifier (hoʻopiha i ka hoʻonui ʻana. ma ka pae ʻike maka, me ka ʻole o ke ʻano nalu)
(1) Optical transmitter: ʻO ia kahi transceiver optical e ʻike i ka hoʻololi uila / optical.Aia ia i kahi kumu kukui, kahi mea hoʻokele a me kahi modulator.ʻO ka hana ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nalu māmā mai ka mīkini uila a i ka nalu māmā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ke kumu kukui e lilo i nalu ʻālohilohi, a laila hoʻohui i ka hōʻailona optical modulated i ka fiber optical a i ʻole ke kaula optical no ka lawe ʻana.
(2) Optical receiver: ʻo ia ka transceiver optical e ʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka optical/electrical.Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike me kahi kaapuni ʻike kukui a me kahi mea hoʻonui optical, a ʻo ka hana ke hoʻololi i ka hōʻailona optical i hoʻouna ʻia e ka fiber optical a i ʻole ke kaula uila i hōʻailona uila e ka mea ʻike maka, a laila hoʻonui i ka hōʻailona uila nāwaliwali i. kahi pae kūpono ma o ke kaapuni hoʻonui e hoʻouna ʻia i ka hōʻailona.Hele ka hopena o ka mīkini uila.
3ʻO ka hana ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona dimmed i hoʻouna ʻia e ka hopena hoʻouna i ka mea ʻike maka o ka hopena e loaʻa ai ma hope o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka lōʻihi ma o ka fiber optical a i ʻole ke kaula uila e hoʻopau i ka hana o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻike.
(4) Optical repeater: loaʻa i kahi photodetector, kahi kumu kukui, a me kahi kaapuni hoʻoholo hou.ʻElua mau hana: hoʻokahi e uku i ka attenuation o ka hōʻailona optical i hoʻouna ʻia i loko o ka fiber optical;ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe e hana i ka puʻupuʻu o ka distortion waveform.
(5) ʻO nā ʻāpana passive e like me ka fiber optic connectors, couplers (ʻaʻole pono e hāʻawi i ka mana kaʻawale, akā nalowale ka mea hana): No ka mea, ua kaupalena ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka fiber a i ʻole ke kaula e ke kaʻina hana kiʻi fiber a me nā kūlana kūkulu uea. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka fiber ka palena (eg 2km).No laila, aia paha ka pilikia e pili ana ka plurality o nā fiber optical i hoʻokahi laina fiber optical.No laila, ʻo ka pilina ma waena o nā fiber optical, ka pilina a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā fibers optical a me nā transceivers optical, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana passive e like me nā mea hoʻohui optical a me nā mea hoʻohui.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio fiber optical
Ka bandwidth hoʻouna, ka mana kamaʻilio nui
Haʻahaʻa hoʻoili poho a me ka nui relay mamao
ʻO ka hoʻopili anti-electromagnetic ikaika
(Ma waho aʻe o ke kelepona ʻole: he nui nā hopena o nā hōʻailona uila, nā pōmaikaʻi multipath, nā hopena o ke aka, ka mae ʻana o Rayleigh, nā hopena Doppler
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kaula coaxial: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻailona optical ma mua o ke kaula coaxial a loaʻa kahi huna huna maikaʻi)
He kiʻekiʻe loa ke alapine o ka nalu māmā, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hawewe electromagnetic ʻē aʻe, liʻiliʻi ka interference.
ʻO nā hemahema o ke kaula optical: nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi ʻole, maʻalahi e wāwahi, (e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana mechanical, e loaʻa ka hopena i ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kūʻē), lōʻihi ka manawa e kūkulu ai, a pili ʻia e nā kūlana ʻāina.