Ingqiqo esisiseko yonxibelelwano lwefiber optical.
I-fiber optical yi-dielectric optical waveguide, isakhiwo se-waveguide esithintela ukukhanya kwaye sisasaze ukukhanya kwi-axial direction.
Ifiber entle kakhulu eyenziwe ngeglasi yequartz, i-synthetic resin, njl.
I-fiber yemodi enye: i-core 8-10um, i-cladding 125um
I-Multimode fiber: i-core 51um, i-cladding 125um
Indlela yokunxibelelana yokuhambisa imiqondiso ye-optical ngokusebenzisa iifiber zamehlo ibizwa ngokuba yi-optical fiber communication.
Amaza okukhanya ayinxalenye yodidi lwamaza ombane.
Uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya okubonakalayo luyi-390-760 nm, inxalenye enkulu kune-760 nm ukukhanya kwe-infrared, kwaye inxalenye encinci kune-390 nm ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
Ifestile esebenza ngamaza okukhanya (iifestile ezintathu zonxibelelwano):
Uluhlu lwe-wavelength olusetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwefiber-optic lukwindawo ekufutshane ne-infrared
Ummandla wobude obufutshane (ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okukukhanya okuorenji ngeliso lenyama) 850nm ukukhanya okuorenji
Ummandla omde wamaza (ummandla wokukhanya ongabonakaliyo) 1310 nm (indawo yethiyori esezantsi yokusasazwa), 1550 nm (indawo yethiyori encinci yokuthomalalisa)
Ubume beFayibha kunye nokuhlelwa
1.Isakhiwo sefiber
Isakhiwo esifanelekileyo sefiber: i-core, i-cladding, i-coating, ibhatyi.
Ingundoqo kunye ne-cladding zenziwe ngezinto ze-quartz, kwaye iimpawu zomatshini zincinci kwaye zilula ukuphuka.Ngoko ke, iileya ezimbini ze-coating layer, olunye uhlobo lwe-resin kunye nolunye uhlobo lwe-nylon ludityanisiwe ngokubanzi, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwefiber kufikelele kwiimfuno ezisebenzayo zeprojekthi.
2.Ukuhlelwa kweefiber optical
(1) I-fiber ihlulwe ngokuhambelana ne-refractive index distribution of the cross section of fiber: ihlulwe ibe yi-fiber yodidi lwesinyathelo (ifiber efanayo) kunye ne-fiber graded (fiber non-uniform).
Cinga ukuba i-core ine-index ye-refractive ye-n1 kunye ne-cladding refractive index yi-n2.
Ukuze i-core ikwazi ukuhambisa ukukhanya kwimigama emide, imeko efunekayo yokwakha i-fiber optical ngu-n1> n2.
Ukuhanjiswa kwesalathisi se-refractive se-fiber efanayo yinto eqhubekayo
Umthetho wokusasazwa kwesalathiso se-refractive we-non-uniform fiber:
Phakathi kwazo, △ - umahluko wesalathiso serefractive
Α-refractive index, α=∞-step-type refractive index distribution fiber, α=2-square-law refractive index distribution fiber (i-fiber graded).Le fiber ithelekiswa nezinye iifibers.Mode dispersion minimum optimal.
1
Ipatheni apha ibhekiselele ekusasazweni kombane wokukhanya wokukhanya okuhanjiswa kwifiber optical.Unikezelo lwentsimi eyahlukileyo yindlela eyahlukileyo.
Imowudi enye (imowudi enye kuphela ihanjiswa kwifiber), i-multimode (iindlela ezininzi zihanjiswa ngaxeshanye kwifiber)
Okwangoku, ngenxa yeemfuno ezikhulayo kwizinga losulelo kunye nenani elikhulayo lothumelo, uthungelwano lwengingqi yemetropolitan luphuhlisa kwicala lesantya esiphezulu kunye nomthamo omkhulu, ngoko ke uninzi lwazo luyi-fiber ye-mode stepped fibers.(Iimpawu zothumelo ngokwalo zingcono kunefiber yemultimode)
(2) Iimpawu zefiber optical:
①Ukulahleka kweempawu zefiber optical: Amaza okukhanya ahanjiswa kwifiber optical, kwaye amandla okukhanya ayancipha ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko umgama wokuhambisa ukhula.
Izizathu zokulahleka kwefayibha ziquka: ilahleko yokudibanisa, ilahleko yokufunxa, ilahleko esasazwayo, kunye nokugoba ilahleko yemitha.
Ilahleko yokudibanisa yilahleko ebangelwa kukudityaniswa kwefiber kunye nesixhobo.
Ilahleko yokufunxa ibangelwa kukufunxwa kwamandla okukhanya ngezinto zefiber kunye nokungcola.
Ilahleko yokusasazeka yahlulwe ibe yiRayleigh scattering (refractive index non-uniformity) kunye ne-waveguide scattering (ukungalingani kwezinto).
Ilahleko yemitha yokugoba yilahleko ebangelwa kukugotywa kosinga olukhokelela kwimowudi yokusasazeka kwemitha ebangelwa kukugotywa kosinga.
② Iimpawu ze-Dispersion ye-fiber optical: Amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-frequency kwisiginali ehanjiswa yi-fiber optical inezantya ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa, kunye nesenzeko somzimba sokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukwanda kwe-pulse xa ufikelela kwi-terminal ibizwa ngokuba yi-dispersion.
Ukusasazwa kwahlulwe kwaba yi-modal dispersion, ukusasazwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokusasazwa kwe-waveguide.
Amacandelo asisiseko kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwefiber optical
Thumela inxalenye:
Isiphumo sophawu lokumodareyitha kwepulse ngumthumeli wombane (i-terminal yombane) ithunyelwa kwi-transmitter ye-optical transmitter (isignali ethunyelwe yinkqubo-elawulwayo iswitshi iyacutshungulwa, i-waveform imile, inguqu yepateni iyatshintshwa... ibe ngumqondiso ofanelekileyo wombane. kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-transmitter yamehlo)
Indima ephambili ye-optical transmitter kukuguqula umqondiso wombane ube ngumqondiso we-optical odityaniswe kwifiber.
Ukufumana inxalenye:
Ukuguqula imiqondiso ye-optical ethunyelwa ngeefibers ze-optical kwimiqondiso yombane
Ukusetyenzwa komqondiso wombane kubuyiselwa kwisiginali ye-pulse modulated yasekuqaleni kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-terminal yombane (umqondiso wombane othunyelwe ngummkeli obonakalayo uyacutshungulwa, i-waveform ibunjiwe, inguqu yepateni iguqulwe… ithunyelwe emva kwiswitshi enokucwangciswa
Inxalenye yothumelo:
I-fiber yemodi enye, i-optical repeater (i-regenerative yombane ephindaphindayo (i-optical-electric-optical conversion amplification, ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa kuya kuba kukhulu, i-pulse decision circuit iya kusetyenziswa ukubumba i-waveform, kunye nexesha), i-erbium-doped fiber Amplifier (igqibezela ukukhulisa kwinqanaba le-optical, ngaphandle kokubunjwa kwamaza)
(1) I-Optical transmitter: Yi-transceiver ebonakalayo eqaphela ukuguqulwa kombane / ukuguqulwa.Iqukethe umthombo wokukhanya, umqhubi kunye nemodyuli.Umsebenzi kukumodareyitha amaza okukhanya ukusuka kumatshini wombane ukuya kumaza okukhanya akhutshwa ngumthombo wokukhanya ukuze abe liza eliza kumfiliba, kwaye emva koko udibanise umqondiso omodareyithiweyo we-optical fiber okanye intambo yokukhanya ukuze usasazeke.
(2) I-Optical receiver: yi-transceiver optical eqaphela ukuguqulwa kwe-optical / umbane.Imodeli eluncedo yenziwe ngesekethe yokubona ukukhanya kunye neamplifier yamehlo, kwaye umsebenzi kukuguqula umqondiso we-optical ohanjiswa yi-fiber optical okanye intambo ye-optical kwisignali yombane yi-optical detector, kwaye emva koko ukhulise umqondiso obuthathaka wombane inqanaba elaneleyo ngesekethe yokukhulisa ukuba ithunyelwe kumqondiso.Isiphelo sokufumana umatshini wombane siya.
(3) I-Fiber / Cable: I-Fiber okanye intambo iquka indlela yokuhambisa ukukhanya.Umsebenzi kukuhambisa isignali edibeneyo ethunyelwe ngukuphela kokudlulisa kwi-detector ye-optical yesiphelo sokufumana emva kokuhanjiswa kwexesha elide nge-fiber optical okanye ikhebula le-optical ukugqiba umsebenzi wokudlulisa ulwazi.
(4) I-Optical repeater: iqulethe i-photodetector, umthombo wokukhanya, kunye nesekhethi yokuvuselela isigqibo.Kukho imisebenzi emibini: enye kukuhlawula ukunyanzeliswa komqondiso we-optical ohanjiswe kwi-fiber optical;enye kukubumba i-pulse ye-waveform egqwetha.
5 Ubude bosinga kwakhona nguMda (umz. 2km).Ke ngoko, kunokubakho ingxaki yokuba uninzi lweefiber zamehlo zidityaniswe kumgca omnye wefiber optical.Ke ngoko, uqhagamshelo phakathi kweefiber zamehlo, ukudityaniswa kunye nokudityaniswa kwefiber optical kunye ne-transceivers optical, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamacandelo angenayo anjengee-optical connectors kunye ne-couplers ziyimfuneko.
Ukuphakama konxibelelwano lwefiber optical
I-bandwidth yokudlulisa, umthamo omkhulu wonxibelelwano
Ilahleko ephantsi yothumelo kunye nomgama omkhulu we-relay
Ukuphazamiseka okunamandla okuchasana nombane
(Ngaphaya ngaphandle kwamacingo: iisignali ezingenazingcingo zineziphumo ezininzi, iingenelo zokuphindaphinda, iziphumo zesithunzi, ukufiphala kweRayleigh, iziphumo zeDoppler
Xa kuthelekiswa nentambo ye-coaxial: i-optical signal inkulu kune-coaxial cable kwaye inobumfihlo obuhle)
Ukuphindaphinda kwamaza okukhanya kuphezulu kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaza e-electromagnetic, ukuphazamiseka kuncinci.
Ukungalungi kwentambo ye-optical cable: iipropati ezimbi zomatshini, kulula ukuphuka, (ukuphucula ukusebenza komatshini, kuya kuba nefuthe ekuchaseni ukuphazamiseka), kuthatha ixesha elide ukwakha, kwaye lichaphazelekayo kwiimeko zejografi.