Asalin ra'ayi na sadarwa na fiber na gani.
Fiber na gani shine jagorar gani na gani na dielectric, tsarin jagorar igiyar ruwa wanda ke toshe haske da yada haske a cikin axial direction.
Fiber mai kyau sosai wanda aka yi da gilashin quartz, resin roba, da sauransu.
Single yanayin fiber: core 8-10um, cladding 125um
Multimode fiber: core 51um, cladding 125um
Hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar watsa siginar gani ta amfani da filaye na gani ana kiranta sadarwar fiber optic.
Raƙuman haske suna cikin nau'in igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki.
Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin hasken da ake iya gani shine 390-760nm, yanki mafi girma fiye da 760nm shine hasken infrared, kuma sashin ƙasa da 390nm shine hasken ultraviolet.
Tagan aikin igiyar ruwa mai haske (gilashin sadarwa guda uku):
Matsakaicin tsayin daka da ake amfani da shi a cikin sadarwar fiber-optic yana cikin yankin da ke kusa da infrared
Yanki mai ɗan gajeren zango (hasken bayyane, wanda shine hasken lemu ta ido tsirara) Hasken orange 850nm
Yankin tsayin tsayi mai tsayi (yankin haske marar ganuwa) 1310 nm (mahimmin ƙa'idar watsawa), 1550 nm (mahimmin ƙa'idar ƙaranci)
Tsarin fiber da rarrabawa
1.Tsarin fiber
Mafi kyawun tsarin fiber: ainihin, sutura, sutura, jaket.
Ainihin da cladding an yi su ne da kayan ma'adini, kuma kayan aikin injiniya suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi kuma suna da sauƙin karya.Sabili da haka, ana ƙara nau'i nau'i biyu na sutura, nau'in guduro ɗaya da nau'in nau'in nailan guda ɗaya, ta yadda sassaucin aikin fiber ya kai ga aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace na aikin.
2.Classification of Optical fibers
(1) Fiber ɗin yana rarraba bisa ga rarrabawar ma'anar refractive na sashin giciye na fiber: an raba shi zuwa nau'in fiber na mataki (fiber Uniform) da fiber mai daraja (fiber mara daidaituwa).
A ɗauka cewa jigon yana da maƙasudin refractive na n1 kuma maƙasudin refractive index shine n2.
Domin ba da damar jigon don watsa haske a kan nesa mai nisa, yanayin da ake buƙata don gina fiber na gani shine n1> n2.
Rarraba fihirisa mai jujjuyawa na filaye iri ɗaya ne akai
Ka'idar rarraba fihirisar da ba ta dace ba:
Daga cikin su, △ - bambancin ma'anar refractive
Α — refractive index, α=∞ —-mataki-nau'in refractive fihirisar rarraba fiber, α=2-square-law refractive index fiber rarraba (wani graded fiber).Ana kwatanta wannan fiber da sauran zaruruwa masu daraja. Yanayin watsawa mafi ƙarancin kyau.
(1) Dangane da adadin hanyoyin da aka watsa a cikin ainihin: raba zuwa fiber multimode da fiber yanayin guda ɗaya.
Tsarin a nan yana nufin rarraba filin lantarki na haske da ake watsawa a cikin fiber na gani.Rarraba filin daban-daban yanayin daban ne.
Yanayin guda ɗaya (yanayin guda ɗaya ne kawai ake watsawa a cikin fiber), multimode (hanyoyi da yawa ana watsa su lokaci guda a cikin fiber)
A halin yanzu, saboda karuwar buƙatu akan ƙimar watsawa da karuwar yawan watsawa, cibiyar sadarwar yankin birni tana haɓakawa ta hanyar babban saurin gudu da babban ƙarfi, don haka galibin su nau'ikan nau'ikan zazzaɓi guda ɗaya ne.(Halayen watsawa na kanta sun fi fiber multimode)
(2) Halayen fiber na gani:
① Halayen hasara na fiber na gani: ana watsa raƙuman haske a cikin fiber na gani, kuma ikon gani a hankali yana raguwa yayin da nisan watsawa ke ƙaruwa.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar fiber sun haɗa da: asarar haɗin gwiwa, asarar sha, asarar watsawa, da lankwasa asarar radiation.
Asarar haɗakarwa ita ce asarar da haɗakarwa tsakanin fiber da na'urar ke haifarwa.
Asarar shanyewar tana faruwa ne ta hanyar ɗaukar makamashin haske ta kayan fiber da ƙazanta.
An rarraba asarar watsawa zuwa watsawa na Rayleigh (ƙididdigar ƙididdiga marasa daidaituwa) da watsawar waveguide (rashin daidaituwa).
Rashin lankwasawa na lankwasawa shine asarar da ke haifar da lanƙwasawa na fiber wanda ke kaiwa ga yanayin radiation wanda ya haifar da lanƙwasa fiber.
②Halayen watsawa na fiber na gani: Daban-daban na mitar abubuwan da ke cikin siginar da fiber na gani ke watsawa suna da saurin watsawa daban-daban, kuma abin da ya faru na zahiri na murdiya ya haifar da fadada siginar bugun sigina lokacin isa tashar tasha ana kiranta watsawa.
An raba tarwatsewa zuwa tarwatsewar modal, tarwatsewar kayan, da watsawar waveguide.
Abubuwan asali na tsarin sadarwa na fiber na gani
Aika sashi:
Ana aika fitar da siginar ƙwanƙwasa bugun jini ta hanyar watsa wutar lantarki (tashar wutar lantarki) zuwa na'urar watsawa ta gani (ana sarrafa siginar da aka aiko ta hanyar sauya tsarin sarrafa shirye-shiryen, siffar waveform ɗin, an canza juzu'in ƙirar… zuwa siginar lantarki mai dacewa. kuma aika zuwa na'urar watsawa na gani)
Babban aikin mai watsawa na gani shine canza siginar lantarki zuwa siginar gani wanda ke haɗe cikin fiber.
Bangaren karba:
Mayar da siginar gani da ake watsawa ta filayen gani zuwa siginar lantarki
Ana mayar da sarrafa siginar lantarki zuwa siginar ƙwanƙwalwar bugun jini na asali kuma a aika zuwa tashar wutar lantarki (ana sarrafa siginar lantarki da mai karɓar na gani ya aiko, ana siffanta waveform, an juyar da juzu'i na ƙirar… siginar lantarki da ta dace ita ce. mayar da shi zuwa shirin sauya shirin)
Bangaren watsawa:
Single-yanayin fiber, Tantancewar repeater (lantarki regenerative repeater (na gani-lantarki-Optical hira amplifier, watsa jinkirin zai zama mafi girma, bugun jini yanke shawara da'ira za a yi amfani da siffar da waveform, da kuma lokaci), erbium-doped fiber Amplifier (kammala amplification). a matakin gani, ba tare da siffanta igiyoyin ruwa ba)
(1) Mai watsawa na gani: Shi ne mai ɗaukar hoto wanda ke gane jujjuyawar lantarki/na gani.Ya ƙunshi tushen haske, direba da na'ura mai daidaitawa.Aikin shine canza kalaman haske daga na'urar lantarki zuwa igiyar hasken da hasken da ke fitarwa ya zama dimmed taguwar ruwa, sa'an nan kuma ya haɗa siginar da aka gyara zuwa fiber na gani ko igiyar gani don watsawa.
(2) Mai karɓa na gani: shine mai ɗaukar gani na gani wanda ke gane jujjuyawar gani/lantarki.Samfurin amfani ya ƙunshi na'ura mai gano haske da na'urar faɗakarwa na gani, kuma aikin shine canza siginar gani da ke watsawa ta fiber na gani ko kebul na gani zuwa siginar lantarki ta na'urar ganowa, sannan ƙara siginar lantarki mai rauni zuwa isasshen matakin ta hanyar da'irar haɓakawa da za a aika zuwa sigina.Karshen karɓar na'urar lantarki yana tafiya.
(3) Fiber/Cable: Fiber ko kebul ya ƙunshi hanyar watsa haske.Ayyukan shine watsa siginar dimmed wanda ƙarshen watsawa ya aika zuwa na'urar ganowa na ƙarshen karɓa bayan watsa nisa ta hanyar fiber na gani ko kebul na gani don kammala aikin watsa bayanai.
(4) Maimaita gani: ya ƙunshi na'urar gano hoto, tushen haske, da da'irar sabuntawa ta yanke shawara.Akwai ayyuka guda biyu: ɗaya shine don rama raguwar siginar gani da aka watsa a cikin fiber na gani;ɗayan kuma shine don siffata bugun bugun ɓacin rai.
(5) Abubuwan da ake amfani da su kamar fiber optic connectors, couplers (babu buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki daban, amma na'urar har yanzu asara ce): Saboda tsawon fiber ko na USB yana iyakance ta hanyar tsarin zane na fiber da yanayin ginin kebul, da kuma Tsawon fiber shima Iyaka ne (misali 2km).Saboda haka, ana iya samun matsala cewa an haɗa yawancin filaye na gani a cikin layin fiber na gani ɗaya.Saboda haka, haɗin kai tsakanin fiber na gani, haɗi da haɗin kai na filaye na gani da masu ɗaukar hoto, da amfani da abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da su ba kamar masu haɗin gani da ma'aurata suna da mahimmanci.
Mafi fifikon sadarwar fiber na gani
bandwidth watsawa, babban ƙarfin sadarwa
Ƙananan asarar watsawa da nisa mai girma
Tsangwama mai ƙarfi anti-electromagnetic
(Bayan mara waya: sigina mara waya suna da tasiri da yawa, fa'idodin hanyoyi masu yawa, tasirin inuwa, faɗuwar Rayleigh, tasirin Doppler
Idan aka kwatanta da kebul na coaxial: siginar gani ya fi girma fiye da kebul na coaxial kuma yana da kyakkyawan sirri)
Mitar hasken wutar lantarki yana da girma sosai, idan aka kwatanta da sauran raƙuman ruwa na lantarki, tsangwama yana da ƙananan.
Rashin hasara na kebul na gani: ƙarancin kayan aikin injiniya, sauƙin karya, (inganta aikin injiniya, zai sami tasiri akan juriya na tsangwama), yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don ginawa, kuma yanayin yanayin ƙasa yana shafar.