Netwọk ekwentị ọdịnala na-ebufe olu site na mgbanwe sekit, yana brọdband nnyefe achọrọ bụ 64 k bit/s.Ihe a na-akpọ VoIP dabeere na netwọk ntụgharị IP ngwugwu dị ka ikpo okwu nnyefe, A na-ejikọta mgbaàmà olu analog, na-ejikọta ya na usoro nhazi pụrụ iche, ka o wee nwee ike iji njikọ UDP na-enweghị njikọ maka nnyefe.
A chọrọ ọtụtụ ihe na ọrụ iji nyefee mgbaama olu na netwọk IP.Ụdị netwọk kachasị mfe bụ ngwaọrụ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa nwere ike VoIP nke ejikọrọ site na netwọk IP.
1. Voice-to-data Co., Ltdnversion
Ngosipụta olu bụ ihe ntụgharị analog, site na ụzọ IP na-ebufe olu, Ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ ngwa na-adịghị adị. Nke mbụ, mgbaàmà okwu kwesịrị ịgbanwe na data analog, ya bụ, mgbaàmà okwu analog kwesịrị ịgbanwe. were nkeji 8 ma ọ bụ 6 tụọ ya, wee ziga ya na ebe nchekwa nchekwa, enwere ike ịhọrọ nha nke ihe nchekwa ahụ dịka ọ dị.maka igbu oge na koodu chọrọ.Ọtụtụ ihe ngbanwe ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ dị ala na-adabere na ntinye koodu.
Ogologo etiti a na-ahụkarị sitere na 10 ruo 30ms.N'ịtụle ọnụ ahịa n'oge nnyefe, ngwugwu interspeech na-enwekarị 60, 120 ma ọ bụ 240ms nke data olu. Enwere ike nweta digitization.site n'iji usoro ntinye okwu dị iche iche, nke bụ isi bụ ITU-T G.711.Ihe ngbanwe olu dị na ebe ebe a na-aga ga-emerịrị otu algọridim ka ngwaọrụ okwu na ebe ebe a na-aga nwere ike weghachi mgbama okwu analog.
2, data izizi ka tya IP ngbanwe
Ozugbo akara okwual na-edobere koodu n'ụdị dijitalụ, nzọụkwụ na-esote bụ ịpịkọta ma tinye koodu okwu n'ogologo ogologo.Ọtụtụ n'ime koodu ntinye nwere ogologo etiti a kapịrị ọnụ.Ọ bụrụ na ihe nnochita na-eji etiti 15ms, a na-ekewa ngwungwu 60ms sitere na nke mbụ ka ọ bụrụ okpomoku anọ ma tinye ya n'usoro.Okpokoro ọ bụla nwere ihe nlele okwu 120 (ọnụego nlele 8 kHz).Mgbe itinye koodu, okpokolo agba anọ ahụ abịakọrọ na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ime ngwugwu okwu abịakọrọ wee ziga na nhazi netwọkụ.Ihe nhazi netwọk na-agbakwunye nkụnye eji isi mee, stampụ oge, na ozi ndị ọzọ na olu wee ziga ya na netwọk ahụ na njedebe ọzọ.
Netwọk olu na-ewepụta naanị njikọ anụ ahụ (ahịrị) n'etiti ebe nzikọrịta ozis ma na-ebufe akara ngosi n'etiti ebe njedebe.N'adịghị ka netwọk ndị na-agbanye sekit, netwọk IP anaghị emepụta njikọ;Kama nke ahụ, ha chọrọ ka etinye data n'ime datagram ma ọ bụ ngwugwu ogologo ogologo, nke ọ bụla a na-ezigara na netwọk ahụ yana ozi adreesị na njikwa ma ziga ya site na ọdụ ụgbọ ruo ọdụ gaa ebe ọ na-aga.
3. Nyefee
Na ọwa a, a na-ahụ netwọk niile ka ọ na-anata ngwugwu olu site na ntinye wee nyefee ya na mmepụta netwọk n'ime oge ụfọdụ (t).t nwere ike ịdịgasị iche n'ụdị zuru oke, na-egosipụta jitter na nnyefe netwọk.
Ndị ọgbọ nọ na netwọk na-enyocha ozi adreesị nke etinyere na ngwugwu IP ọ bụla wee jiri ozi a bufee datagram na ọdụ na-esote n'ụzọ ọ na-aga.Netwọknjikọ ọrụ nwere ike ịbụ topology ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ụzọ nnweta na-akwado ọsọ data IP.
4. IP ngwugwu - datntughari
Ngwaọrụ VoIP na-aga na-enweta data IP a wee malite nhazi.Ọkwa netwọk ahụ na-enye ihe nchekwa ogologo agbanwe agbanwe ejiri na-ahazi jitter nke netwọk ahụ mepụtara.Ihe nchekwa nwere ikenabata ọtụtụ ngwugwu olu, ndị ọrụ nwere ike họrọ nha nke ihe nchekwa ahụ.Obere nchekwa na-emepụta obere igbu oge mana enweghị ike ịhazi nnukwu jitter.Nke abuo, ihe ngbanwe na-emepe ngwugwu okwu edobere iji wepụta ngwugwu okwu ọhụrụ.Enwere ike iji modul a rụọ ọrụ site na etiti, nke bụ otu ogologo ogologo dị ka ihe ngbanwe.
Ọ bụrụ na ogologo etiti ahụ bụ 15ms, a na-ekewa ngwugwu okwu 60ms ka ọ bụrụ okpokolo agba anọ, wee dekọọ ha na iyi data okwu 60ms wee ziga n'ime nchekwa ngbanwe. N'oge pronkwụsị nke datagram, wepụrụ ozi adreesị na njikwa, ma chekwaa data raw nke mbụ, nke a na-enye ya na decoder.
5, Ntụgharị olu dijitalụsion ka analọg olu
Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-egwugharị na-ewepụta isi ihe nlele okwu (480) na nchekwa ma ziga ha na kaadị ụda, wee gbasaa ha site na ọkà okwu na oge a kara aka (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 8kHz).Na nkenke, nnyefe nke mgbaàmà olu na netwọk IP na-aga site na ntụgharị site na akara analog gaa na akara dijitalụ, encapsul.ntinye nke olu dijitalụ n'ime ngwugwu IP, nnyefe nke ngwugwu IP site na netwọkụ, mwepu nke ngwugwu IP, na mweghachi nke olu dijitalụ na akara analog.
VOIP bụ otu n'ime azụmahịa anyị nwereONUngwaahịa netwọk usoro, na ngwaahịa netwọk ọkụ dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ anyị na-ekpuchi ụdị dị iche icheONUngwaahịa usoro, gụnyere ACONU/ nkwukọrịtaONU/ nwere ọgụgụ isiONU/ igbeONU/ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri PON abụọONU, wdg. Nke dị n'eluONUEnwere ike iji ngwaahịa usoro maka netwọkụ chọrọ nke ọnọdụ dị iche iche.Nabata ka ị nweta nghọta teknụzụ zuru ezu nke ngwaahịa.
