Gulu la FTTH Fiber Circuit

Kupatsirana kwa FTTH kumagawidwa m'magulu atatu: Duplex (dual fiber bidirectional) loop, Simplex (single fiber bidirectional) loop ndi Triplex (single fiber katatu) loop. ndiONUmapeto, njira imodzi ili pansi, ndipo chizindikirocho chimachokera kumapeto kwa OLT mpaka kumapeto kwa ONU;njira ina ndi yokwera, ndipo chizindikirocho chimachokera kumapeto kwa ONU mpaka kumapeto kwa OLT.Simplex single-fiber loop imatchedwanso Bidirectional, kapena BIDI mwachidule.Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsa ntchito fiber imodzi yokha kuti igwirizane ndi mapeto a OLT ndi mapeto a ONU, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito WDM kuti itumize zizindikiro zamtunda ndi zotsika ndi zizindikiro za kuwala kosiyanasiyana kwa mafunde osiyanasiyana. kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa fiber yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi theka ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa ONU wosuta kumapeto.Komabe, pamene njira imodzi ya fiber ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chogawaniza ndi chophatikizira chiyenera kuyambitsidwa mu module ya transceiver optical.Ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi optical transceiver module pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri za fiber.Chizindikiro cha kumtunda kwa BIDI chimagwiritsa ntchito kufalikira kwa laser mu bandi ya 1260 mpaka 1360nm, ndipo kumunsi kwa mtsinje kumagwiritsa ntchito 1480 mpaka 1580nm band.Mu lupu la ulusi wapawiri, kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mtsinje kumagwiritsa ntchito bandi ya 1310nm kutumiza ma sigino.

FTTH ili ndi matekinoloje awiri: Media Converter (MC) ndi Passive Optical Network (PON).MC imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo mwa mawaya amkuwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki achikhalidwe a Efaneti, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo-to-point (P2P) network topology kuti itumize mautumiki a 100Mbps ku nyumba za ogwiritsa ntchito kudzera mu ulusi wamagetsi. chizindikiro chochokera ku terminal ya optical (OLT) kutsika kudzera mu chingwe cha kuwala kudzera pa chiboliboli cha kuwala kuti apereke chizindikiro cha kuwala kwamtundu uliwonse wa kuwala (ONU / T), potero kuchepetsa kwambiri chipinda cha zipangizo zamakono ndi mtengo wa kukonza zipangizo, kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri zomanga monga zingwe za kuwala. ,choncho chakhala ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wa FTTH.FTTH panopa ali njira zitatu: mfundo-to-mfundo FTTH njira, EPON FTTH njira ndi GPON FTTH njira.

P2P-based FTTH Solution

P2P ndi mfundo-to-point kuwala CHIKWANGWANI kugwirizana Efaneti kufala luso.Amagwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo wa WDM kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana kwanjira ziwiri.Poyerekeza ndi EPON, ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo, mtengo wotsika komanso mwayi wosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ochepa.

Netiweki ya P2P FTTH imatumiza mafunde okwera ndi otsika pamtundu umodzi wa kuwala pakati pa chosinthira chapakati chaofesi ndi zida zogwiritsa ntchito kudzera pa WDM, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amangofunika chingwe chimodzi cha kuwala.Kumtunda kwamtunda ndi 1310nm, ndipo kutsika kwamtunda ndi 1550nm. Kupyolera mukugwiritsa ntchito optical fiber transmission, Ethernet imatulutsidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku ofesi yapakati kupita kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito.Ngakhale kuti akupereka njira yopititsira patsogolo bandwidth ndi ndalama zopezera ndalama, zimachotsa kuvutika kwa magetsi ndi kukonza kosinthira kolowera munjira yachikhalidwe ya Efaneti, ndikupewa Kuvuta pakubweza ndalama chifukwa cha kutsika kochepa, kutseguka kosinthika komanso chitetezo chambiri.Mu yankho la P2P, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusangalala ndi bandwidth ya 100M kokha, ndikuthandizira mosavuta mautumiki apamwamba a bandwidth monga vidiyo foni, kanema pakufunika, telemedicine, ndi maphunziro akutali.Ngakhale kuti imathandizira mapulogalamu a data othamanga kwambiri, imatha kupereka mawonekedwe a E1 ndi mawonekedwe a POTS, kotero kuti mautumiki osiyanasiyana omwe poyamba ankafuna mawaya odziimira okha amatha kuthetsedwa kudzera mu fiber imodzi.

EPON-based FTTH Solution

EPON imatengera kapangidwe ka point-to-multipoint ndi njira yotumizira ma fiber optical.Kutsika kwapansi pakali pano kumatha kufika ku 10Gb / s, ndipo kumtunda kumatumiza mitsinje ya data mu kuphulika kwa mapaketi a Ethernet.Kuphatikiza apo, EPON imaperekanso ntchito zina zogwirira ntchito, kukonza ndi kasamalidwe (OAM).EPONukadaulo umagwirizana bwino ndi zida zomwe zilipo.Ukadaulo waposachedwa wa Quality of Service (QoS) umapangitsa kuti Ethernet ithandizire mawu, deta ndi zithunzi.Matekinoloje awa akuphatikiza chithandizo chaduplex chokwanira, choyambirira ndi netiweki yaderalo (VLAN).

EPON imagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha kuwala kuti ilumikizane pakati pa zida zapakati paofesi ndi ODN Optical coupler.Pambuyo pogawanika kudzera mu coupler ya kuwala, ogwiritsa ntchito mpaka 32 akhoza kulumikizidwa.Kutalika kwamtunda ndi 1310nm, ndipo kutsika kwamtunda ndi 1490nm.CHIKWANGWANI chochokera ku doko la PON la OLT chimaphatikiza ma analogi a 1550nm kapena chizindikiro cha digito CATV ku kuwala kwa fiber kudzera mu multiplexer, kenako ndikulumikizana ndiONUpambuyo kugawanika ndi optical coupler.ONU imalekanitsa chizindikiro cha 1550nm CATV ndikuchisintha kukhala siginecha yawayilesi yomwe imatha kulandiridwa ndi TV wamba.ONU imagwiritsanso ntchito chizindikiro cha deta chomwe chimatumizidwa ndi OLT ndikuchitumiza ku mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito.Mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito angapereke mawonekedwe a FE ndi TDM kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zautumiki wamtundu wa broadband, ndipo zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira za utumiki wa TDM omwe alipo.EPON imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa WDM kuzindikira njira ziwiri zolumikizirana poyambira kupita kumitundu yambiri pamtundu umodzi wa kuwala.Ili ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wowonekera komanso mtengo wotsika, ndipo imagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha ma IP-based network network.Poganizira kuti m'tsogolo "ma network atatu mu umodzi" adzagwiritsa ntchito IP monga ndondomeko yaikulu, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti EPON ndi njira yabwino yothetsera FTTH m'tsogolomu.

GPON-based FTTH Solution

GPONndi ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wopezeka ndi ITU-T pambuyo pa A/BPON.Mu 2001, FSAN idayambanso ntchito ina yokhazikika yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa ma network a PON (GPON) okhala ndi liwiro lokwera kuposa 1Gb/s.Kuphatikiza pakuthandizira kuthamanga kwambiri, GPON imathandizanso ntchito zingapo zogwira ntchito kwambiri, zopatsa ntchito zambiri za OAM&P komanso scalability yabwino.Zofunikira zazikulu za GPON ndi:

1) Thandizani mautumiki onse.

2) Mtunda wofikira ndi osachepera 20km.

3) Thandizani mitengo yambiri pansi pa protocol yomweyo.

4) Perekani ntchito ya OAM&P.

5) Malinga ndi mawonekedwe owulutsa a PON kutsika kwa magalimoto, njira yotetezera chitetezo pagawo la protocol imaperekedwa.

Muyezo wa GPON umapereka njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, poganizira ntchito za OAM&P ndikukweza luso.GPON sikuti imangopereka ma bandwidth apamwamba, komanso imathandizira mautumiki osiyanasiyana ofikira, makamaka mu data ndi kutumiza kwa TDM, kuthandizira mawonekedwe apachiyambi popanda kutembenuka.GPON imagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yosinthira kufalikira kwa "General Framing Protocol (GFP)" kuti izindikire kuphatikizidwa kwa angapo. mitsinje ya utumiki;panthawiyi, imasunga ntchito zambiri mu G.983 zomwe sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi protocol ya PON, monga OAM ndi DBA.