Li-switch tsa Optical tse sebelisoang hangata ho li-switch tsa Ethernet li kenyelletsa SFP, GBIC, XFP, le XENPAK.
Mabitso a bona a felletseng a Senyesemane:
SFP: Small Form-factorPluggabletransceiver, transceiver e nyenyane e ka khonang
GBIC: GigaBit InterfaceConverter, Gigabit Ethernet Interface Converter
XFP: 10-Gigabit smallForm-factorPluggable transceiver 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface
Sephutheloana se senyenyane sa pluggable transceiver
XENPAK: 10-Gigabit EtherNetTransceiverPAcKage 10 Gigabit Ethernet sephutheloana sa transceiver se behiloeng.
Sehokelo sa fiber optical
Mohokahanyi oa fiber optical o entsoe ka fiber ea optical le polaka lipheletsong tse peli tsa fiber ea optical, 'me plug e entsoe ka phini le sebopeho sa ho notlela peripheral.Ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho notlela, likhokahano tsa fiber optic li ka aroloa ka mofuta oa FC, mofuta oa SC, mofuta oa LC, mofuta oa ST le mofuta oa KTRJ.
Sehokelo sa FC se nka mochini oa ho notlela likhoele, ke sehokelo sa optical fiber se tsamaisoang se qapiloe pejana mme se sebelisoa haholo.
SC ke lenonyeletso la khutlonnetsepa le entsoeng ke NTT.E ka hokeloa ka ho otloloha 'me ea hanngoe ntle le ho hokela sekoti.Ha e bapisoa le sehokelo sa FC, e na le sebaka se senyenyane sa ho sebetsa 'me ho bonolo ho se sebelisa.Lihlahisoa tsa Ethernet tse tlaase li tloaelehile haholo.
LC ke sehokelo sa Mini-type SC se ntlafalitsoeng ke LUCENT.E na le boholo bo fokolang 'me e sebelisitsoe haholo tsamaisong.Ke tataiso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea likhokahano tse sebetsang tsa fiber optic nakong e tlang.Lihlahisoa tsa Ethernet tse tlaase li tloaelehile haholo.
Sehokelo sa ST se entsoe ke AT & T mme se sebelisa mokhoa oa ho notlela mofuta oa bayonet.Mekhahlelo ea mantlha e lekana le likhokahano tsa FC le SC, empa ha e sebelisoe hangata lik'hamphaning.Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa multimode ho hokahana le bahlahisi ba bang E sebelisoa haholo ha o emisa.
Lithakhisa tsa KTRJ ke polasetiki.Li behiloe ka lithakhisa tsa tšepe.Ha palo ea linako tsa ho nyalana e ntse e eketseha, libaka tsa ho nyalana li tla tsofala, 'me botsitso ba bona ba nako e telele ha bo tšoane le ba likhokahano tsa lipini tsa ceramic.
Tsebo ea fiber
Optical fiber ke conductor e fetisang maqhubu a khanya.Fibre ea optical e ka aroloa ka fiber ea mofuta o le mong le fiber e nang le mefuta e mengata ho tloha ka mokhoa oa phetiso ea optical.
Mokhoeng o le mong oa fiber, ho na le mokhoa o le mong feela oa motheo oa phetiso ea optical, ke hore, leseli le fetisoa feela karolong e ka hare ea fiber.Hobane mokhoa oa ho hasana o qojoa ka ho feletseng 'me sehlopha sa phetisetso ea fiber e le 'ngoe e pharaletseng, e loketse puisano ea fiber e potlakileng le e telele.
Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea phetiso ea optical ka fiber ea multimode.Ka lebaka la ho hasana kapa ho kheloha, fiber ena e na le ts'ebetso e fokolang ea phetisetso, leqhubu le moqotetsane, sekhahla se senyenyane sa phetisetso, le sebaka se sekhutšoane.
Li-parameter tse khethollang fiber ea optic
Sebopeho sa fiber ea optical se huloa ke melamu ea fiber ea quartz e entsoeng esale pele.Bophara bo ka ntle ba fiber ea multimode le fiber e le 'ngoe e sebelisoang bakeng sa puisano ke 125 μm.
'Mele o mosesane o arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli: core le cladding layer.Bophahamo ba mantlha ba fiber ea mofuta o le mong ke 8 ~ 10μm, 'me bophara ba mantlha ba fiber ea multimode bo na le litlhaloso tse peli tse tloaelehileng.Li-diameter tsa mantlha ke 62.5μm (tekanyetso ea Amerika) le 50μm (tekanyetso ea Europe).
Litlhaloso tsa li-interface fiber li hlalosoa ka tsela e latelang: 62.5μm / 125μm multimode fiber, moo 62.5μm e bolelang bophara ba mantlha ba fiber le 125μm e bua ka bophara ba ka ntle ba fiber.
Fiber ea mofuta o le mong e sebelisa bolelele ba 1310nm kapa 1550nm.
Multimode fibers e sebelisa boholo ba khanya ea 850 nm.
Mmala o ka khetholoha ho tloha ho fiber ea mofuta o le mong le fiber ea mefuta e mengata.'Mele oa kantle oa fiber ea mofuta o le mong o mosehla,' me 'mele oa kantle oa fiber ea mefuta e mengata o bokhubelu ba lamunu.
Gigabit optical port
Gigabit optical ports e ka sebetsa ka mekhoa e qobelloang le ea ho buisana.Ka litlhaloso tsa 802.3, Gigabit optical port e ts'ehetsa sekhahla sa 1000M feela, 'me e ts'ehetsa mefuta e' meli ea duplex e felletseng (Full) le halofo ea duplex (Half).
Phapang ea mantlha lipakeng tsa lipuisano tsa boiketsetso le ho qobella ke hore melapo ea khoutu e rometsoeng ha bobeli ba theha khokahano ea 'mele e fapane.Mokhoa oa ho buisana ka boiketsetso o romela / C / khoutu, e leng molatsoana oa khoutu ea Configuration, ha mokhoa oa ho qobella o romella / I / khoutu, e leng molapo oa khoutu o sa sebetseng.
Gigabit optical port auto-negotiation process
Taba ea pele, lipheletsong ka bobeli li behiloe molemong oa ho buisana ka boiketsetso
Mekha e 'meli e romellana melaetsa ea / C / khoutu.Haeba 3 e latellanang / C / likhoutu li amoheloa 'me melapo ea khoutu e amoheloang e lumellana le mokhoa oa ho sebetsa oa lehae, ba tla khutlela ho motho e mong ka / C / khoutu ka karabo ea Ack.Ka mor'a ho amohela molaetsa oa Ack, lithaka li nka hore ba babeli ba ka buisana 'me ba beha boema-kepe sebakeng sa UP.
Ea bobeli, Beha pheletso e le 'ngoe ho lipuisano tsa boiketsetso le pheletso e' ngoe ho tlamaha
Qetello ea ho buisana e romella / C / molapo, 'me pheletso e qobellang e romella / I / molapo.Qetello ea ho qobella e ke ke ea fana ka pheletso ea sebaka ka tlhaiso-leseling ea lipuisano tsa pheletso ea sebaka seo, leha e le hore e ka khutlisa karabo ea Ack pheletsong e hole, kahoo pheletso ea boithaopo ke DOWN.Leha ho le joalo, pheletso ea ho qobella ka boeona e ka tsebahatsa / C / khoutu, mme e nka hore pheletso ea lithaka ke kou e ipapisang le eona, kahoo boema-kepe ba lehae bo behiloe ka kotloloho ho mmuso oa UP.
Ea boraro, lipheletsong ka bobeli li behiloe ho qobella mokhoa
Mahlakore ka bobeli a romella / ke / a phallela ho e mong.Kamora ho amohela / I / stream, pheletso e 'ngoe e nka thaka e le kou e ipapisang le eona,' me e beha ka kotloloho boema-kepe ba lehae sebakeng sa UP.
Fiber e sebetsa joang?
Likhoele tsa optical bakeng sa puisano li na le likhalase tse kang moriri tse koahetsoeng ka lera le sireletsang la polasetiki.Mohatla oa khalase ha e le hantle o entsoe ka likarolo tse peli: bophara ba mantlha ba 9 ho isa ho 62.5 μm, le lisebelisoa tse tlase tsa khalase tsa khalase tse bophara ba 125 μm.Le hoja ho na le mefuta e meng ea fiber optical ho latela thepa e sebelisoang le boholo bo fapaneng, tse tloaelehileng haholo li boleloa mona.Leseli le fetisetsoa karolong e ka sehloohong ea fiber ka mokhoa oa "ho bonahatsa ka hare ka ho feletseng", ke hore, ka mor'a hore leseli le kene ka lehlakoreng le leng la fiber, le bonahatsoa pele le morao pakeng tsa li-interfaces tsa mantlha le tsa cladding, ebe le fetisetsoa ho pheletsong e 'ngoe ea fiber.Fiber ea optical e bophara ba 62.5 μm le bophara bo ka ntle ba 125 μm e bitsoa khanya ea 62.5 / 125 μm.
Phapano ke efe lipakeng tsa multimode le single mode fiber?
Multimode:
Likhoele tse ka jalang mefuta e makholo ho isa ho tse likete li bitsoa li-multimode (MM) fibers.Ho latela kabo ea radial ea index ea refractive ka har'a mantlha le ho koalloa, e ka aroloa ka fiber ea multimode ea mohato le fiber ea multimode e hlophisitsoeng.Hoo e batlang e le boholo ba fiber ea multimode ke 50/125 μm kapa 62.5 / 125 μm, 'me bandwidth (boima ba boitsebiso bo fetisoang ke fiber) hangata ke 200 MHz ho 2 GHz.Multimode optical transceivers e ka fetisa lik'hilomithara tse 5 ka fiber ea multimode.Sebelisa khanya e ntšang diode kapa laser e le mohloli oa leseli.
Mokhoa o le mong:
Likhoele tse ka jalang mokhoa o le mong feela li bitsoa likhoele tsa mofuta o le mong.The refractive index profile of standard single-mode (SM) fibers e tšoana le ea step-type fibers, ntle le hore bophara ba mantlha bo nyane haholo ho feta ba multimode fibers.
Boholo ba fiber ea mofuta o le mong ke 9-10 / 125 μm, 'me e na le litšobotsi tsa bandwidth e sa feleng le tahlehelo e tlase ho feta fiber ea mefuta e mengata.Li-transceivers tsa optical tsa mofuta o le mong li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa phetisetso ea sebaka se selelele, ka linako tse ling li fihla ho 150 ho isa ho 200 km.Sebelisa LD kapa LED e nang le mohala o moqotetsane oa spectral e le mohloli oa leseli.
Phapang le khokahano:
Thepa ea mofuta o le mong hangata e ka sebetsa ho fiber ea mofuta o le mong kapa fiber ea mefuta e mengata, athe lisebelisoa tsa mefuta e mengata li lekanyelitsoe ho sebetsa ho fiber ea mefuta e mengata.
Tahlehelo ea phetisetso ke efe ha u sebelisa likhoele tsa optical?
Sena se itšetlehile ka bolelele ba maqhubu a leseli le fetisoang le mofuta oa fiber e sebelisoang.
850nm wavelength bakeng sa fiber ea multimode: 3.0 dB / km
1310nm wavelength bakeng sa fiber ea multimode: 1.0 dB / km
1310nm wavelength bakeng sa fiber ea mofuta o le mong: 0.4 dB / km
1550nm wavelength bakeng sa fiber ea mofuta o le mong: 0.2 dB / km
GBIC ke eng?
GBIC ke khutsufatso ea Giga Bitrate Interface Converter, e leng sesebelisoa sa sebopeho se fetolang matshwao a motlakase a gigabit hore e be mats'oao a optical.GBIC e etselitsoe plugging e chesang.GBIC ke sehlahisoa se ka fapanyetsanoang se lumellanang le maemo a machaba.Li-switches tsa Gigabit tse entsoeng ka sebopeho sa GBIC li nka karolo e kholo ea 'maraka ka lebaka la phapanyetsano ea tsona e bonolo.
SFP ke eng?
SFP ke khutsufatso ea SMALL FORM PLUGGABLE, e ka utloisisoang habonolo e le mofuta o ntlafalitsoeng oa GBIC.Boholo ba mojule oa SFP bo fokotsehile ka halofo ha bo bapisoa le module ea GBIC, 'me palo ea likou e ka feta habeli phanele e le' ngoe.Mesebetsi e meng ea mojule oa SFP ha e le hantle e tšoana le ea GBIC.Baetsi ba bang ba li-switch ba bitsa mojule oa SFP mini-GBIC (MINI-GBIC).
Li-module tsa optical tsa nakong e tlang li tlameha ho ts'ehetsa plugging e chesang, ke hore, module e ka hokahanngoa kapa ea khaoha ho sesebelisoa ntle le ho khaola phepelo ea motlakase.Hobane mochine oa optical o chesa, batsamaisi ba marang-rang ba ka ntlafatsa le ho atolosa tsamaiso ntle le ho koala marang-rang.Mosebedisi ha a etse phapang ya letho.Hot swappability e boetse e nolofatsa tlhokomelo ka kakaretso mme e nolofalletsa basebelisi ba ho qetela ho laola hantle li-module tsa bona tsa transceiver.Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ena e chesang e chesang, mochine ona o nolofalletsa batsamaisi ba marang-rang ho etsa merero e akaretsang bakeng sa litšenyehelo tsa transceiver, libaka tsa ho hokahanya, le li-topology tsohle tsa marang-rang tse thehiloeng ho litlhoko tsa ntlafatso ea marang-rang, ntle le ho fetola liboto tsa tsamaiso ka ho feletseng.
Li-module tsa optical tse tšehetsang phetoho ena e chesang li fumaneha hona joale ho GBIC le SFP.Hobane SFP le SFF li batla li lekana ka boholo, li ka kenngoa ka ho toba ka boto ea potoloho, li boloka sebaka le nako ka har'a sephutheloana, 'me li na le mefuta e mengata ea likopo.Ka hona, nts'etsopele ea eona ea nako e tlang e bohlokoa ho lebella, mme e kanna ea sokela mmaraka oa SFF.
SFF (Small Form Factor) sephutheloana se senyenyane sa optical module se sebelisa li-optical optics tse tsoetseng pele le theknoloji ea ho kopanya potoloho, boholo ke halofo feela ea duplex SC (1X9) e tloaelehileng ea fiber optic transceiver module, e ka khonang habeli palo ea li-port optical sebakeng se le seng.Eketsa boema-kepe ba likhoele le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa sistimi ka boema-kepe bo bong.'Me hobane mojule oa sephutheloana se senyenyane sa SFF se sebelisa sebopeho sa KT-RJ se ts'oanang le marang-rang a koporo, boholo bo tšoana le khomphutha e tloaelehileng ea marang-rang ea koporo, e leng se loketseng phetoho ea lisebelisoa tse teng tsa marang-rang tse thehiloeng koporo ho fiber e phahameng ka lebelo. marang-rang a optic.Ho kopana le keketseho e makatsang ea litlhoko tsa marang-rang a marang-rang.
Mofuta oa sesebelisoa sa khokahano ea marang-rang
Sehokelo sa BNC
BNC segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo e bua ka coaxial cable segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo.Khokahano ea BNC e sebelisoa bakeng sa khokahano ea 75 ohm coaxial cable.E fana ka likanale tse peli tsa ho amohela (RX) le ho fetisa (TX).E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hokahanya ha matšoao a sa leka-lekaneng.
Khokahano ea fiber
Khokahano ea fiber ke sebopeho sa 'mele se sebelisoang ho hokahanya likhoele tsa fiber optic.Hangata ho na le mefuta e mengata e kang SC, ST, LC, FC.Bakeng sa khokahanyo ea 10Base-F, sehokelo hangata ke mofuta oa ST, 'me pheletso e 'ngoe ea FC e hokahane le phanele ea fiber optic patch.FC ke khutsufatso ea FerruleConnector.Mokhoa oa ho matlafatsa ka ntle ke letsoho la tšepe 'me mokhoa oa ho tiisa ke konopo ea screw.ST interface hangata e sebelisetsoa 10Base-F, SC interface e atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa 100Base-FX le GBIC, LC e atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa SFP.
RJ-45 segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo
Sehokelo sa RJ-45 ke sebopeho se sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa Ethernet.RJ-45 ke lebitso le atisang ho sebelisoa, le bolelang ho ts'oaroa ke IEC (60) 603-7, ho sebelisa maemo a 8 (8 pins) a hlalosoang ke litekanyetso tsa sehokelo sa machaba.Modular jack kapa plug.
RS-232 segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo
RS-232-C interface (eo hape e tsejoang ka hore ke EIA RS-232-C) ke eona e sebelisoang hangata ka ho fetesisa.Ke tekanyetso ea puisano ea serial e kopantsoeng ke American Electronics Industry Association (EIA) ka 1970 mmoho le litsamaiso tsa Bell, baetsi ba modem, le baetsi ba li-terminal tsa likhomphutha.Lebitso la eona le felletseng ke "serial binary data exchange interface standard standard between data terminal equipment (DTE) le data communication equipment (DCE)".Tekanyetso e bolela hore sehokelo sa DB25-pini tse 25 se sebelisoa ho hlakisa litaba tsa lets'oao la pinana ka 'ngoe ea sehokelo, hammoho le boemo ba matšoao a fapaneng.
RJ-11 segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo
Sebopeho sa RJ-11 ke seo re atisang ho se bitsa sebopeho sa mohala oa mohala.RJ-11 ke lebitso le akaretsang la sehokelo se entsoeng ke Western Electric.Kemiso ea eona e hlalosoa e le sesebelisoa sa khokahano ea 6-pin.Qalong e ne e bitsoa WExW, moo x e bolelang "mahlahahlaha", ho ikopanya kapa nale ea khoele.Mohlala, WE6W e na le mabitso a 6 kaofela, a baloang 1 ho isa ho 6, sebopeho sa WE4W se sebelisa likhoele tse 4 feela, likhokahano tse peli tse kantle (1 le 6) ha li sebelisoe, WE2W e sebelisa lithapo tse peli tse bohareng feela (ke hore, bakeng sa khokahano ea mohala oa mohala) .
CWDM le DWDM
Ka kholo e potlakileng ea lits'ebeletso tsa data tsa IP ho Marang-rang, tlhoko ea bandwidth ea mohala oa phetisetso e eketsehile.Le hoja theknoloji ea DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) e le mokhoa o atlehang ka ho fetisisa oa ho rarolla bothata ba ho atolosoa ha li-bandwidth tsa line, theknoloji ea CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) e na le melemo ho feta DWDM mabapi le litšenyehelo tsa tsamaiso le ho boloka.
Ka bobeli CWDM le DWDM ke tsa theknoloji ea multiplexing ea wavelength division, 'me li ka kopanya maqhubu a fapaneng a khanya hore e be fiber e le 'ngoe ebe e li fetisetsa hammoho.
Tekanyetso ea morao-rao ea ITU ea CWDM ke G.695, e hlalosang likanale tsa maqhubu a 18 ka nako ea 20nm ho tloha 1271nm ho ea 1611nm.Ha ho nahanoa ka phello ea tlhōrō ea metsi ea li-fibers tse tloaelehileng tsa G.652, hangata li-channel tse 16 li sebelisoa.Ka lebaka la sebaka se seholo sa li-channel, lisebelisoa tsa multiplexing le demultiplexing le lasers li theko e tlaase ho feta lisebelisoa tsa DWDM.
Nako ea mocha oa DWDM e na le linako tse fapaneng tse kang 0.4nm, 0.8nm, 1.6nm, joalo-joalo. Nako e nyenyane le lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng tsa ho laola maqhubu li hlokahala.Ka hona, thepa e thehiloeng ho thekenoloji ea DWDM e theko e boima ho feta thepa e thehiloeng ho theknoloji ea CWDM.
PIN photodiode ke lera la thepa ea mofuta oa N-doped habobebe pakeng tsa semiconductor ea mofuta oa P le N-type e nang le li-doping tse ngata, tse bitsoang I (Intrinsic) layer.Hobane e na le doped hanyenyane, mahloriso a elektronike a tlaase haholo, 'me lera le pharaletseng la ho fokotseha le thehoa ka mor'a ho hasana, le ka ntlafatsang lebelo la eona la ho arabela le katleho ea phetoho.
APD avalanche photodiode ha e na phetoho ea optical / motlakase feela empa e boetse e holisa ka hare.Ho holisa ho finyelloa ke phello ea ho ata ha avalanche ka har'a tube.APD ke photodiode e nang le phaello.Ha kutloisiso ea mochine oa optical e phahame, APD e thusa ho atolosa sebaka sa phetisetso ea tsamaiso.