Mgbanwe ngwa anya nke a na-ejikarị na Ethernet switches gụnyere SFP, GBIC, XFP, na XENPAK.
Aha bekee ha zuru oke:
SFP: Obere ụdị-factorPluggable transceiver, obere ụdị ihe nkwụnye ihe nkwụnye ọkụ
GBIC: GigaBit InterfaceConverter, Gigabit Ethernet Interface Ntụgharị
XFP: 10-Gigabit smallForm-factorPluggable transceiver 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface
Obere ngwungwu transceiver plọg
XENPAK: 10-Gigabit EtherNetTransceiverPAcKage 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface transceiver set ngwugwu.
Njikọ eriri anya
Njikọ eriri anya bụ eriri anya na plọg dị na nsọtụ abụọ nke eriri anya, na plọg ahụ nwere ntụtụ na ihe mkpuchi mpụta.Dị ka usoro mkpọchi dị iche iche si dị, eriri optic njikọ nwere ike kewaa n'ime ụdị FC, ụdị SC, ụdị LC, ụdị ST na ụdị KTRJ.
Njikọ FC na-anabata usoro mkpọchi eriri, ọ bụ njikọ eriri anya na-ebugharị nke emepụtara na mbụ ma jiri ya mee ihe.
SC bụ nkwonkwo akụkụ anọ nke NTT mepụtara.Enwere ike itinye ya ozugbo wee wepụ ya na-enweghị njikọ skru.E jiri ya tụnyere njikọ FC, ọ nwere obere oghere na-arụ ọrụ ma dị mfe iji.Ngwaahịa Ethernet dị ala na-adịkarị.
LC bụ obere ụdị SC njikọ nke LUCENT mepụtara.O nwere obere nha ma ejiri ya mee ihe na usoro.Ọ bụ ntụziaka maka mmepe nke eriri optic na-arụ ọrụ njikọ n'ọdịnihu.Ngwaahịa Ethernet dị ala na-adịkarị.
A na-emepụta njikọ ST site na AT & T ma na-eji usoro mkpọchi ụdị bayonet.Ihe ndị bụ isi bụ ndị njikọ FC na SC, mana anaghị ejikarị ya na ụlọ ọrụ.A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ngwaọrụ multimode iji jikọọ na ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe mgbe ị na-ebugharị.
Ntụtụ KTRJ bụ plastik.Edobere ha site na ntụtụ ígwè.Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oge mating na-abawanye, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ga-agwụ ike, na nkwụsi ike ha ogologo oge adịghị mma dị ka nke njikọ pin seramiiki.
Ihe ọmụma eriri
Fiber Optical bụ onye nduzi na-ebunye ebili mmiri ọkụ.Enwere ike kewaa eriri anya n'ime eriri otu ụdị na eriri multi mode site na ụdị nnyefe ngwa anya.
N'ime eriri otu ụdị, enwere naanị otu ụzọ dị mkpa nke nnyefe anya, ya bụ, a na-ebunye ọkụ naanị n'ime isi nke eriri ahụ.N'ihi na mode dispersion kpamkpam ezere na nnyefe band nke otu-mode eriri bụ obosara, ọ bụ adabara elu-ọsọ na ogologo anya eriri nkwurịta okwu.
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị nnyefe ngwa anya na eriri multimode.N'ihi mgbasa ma ọ bụ nhụsianya, eriri a na-arụ ọrụ nnyefe adịghị mma, eriri ugboro dị warara, obere nnyefe, yana obere anya.
Ngwa anya eriri njirimara parameters
A na-adọta ihe owuwu nke eriri anya site na mkpara eriri quartz emepụtara nke ọma.The elu dayameta nke multimode eriri na otu mode eriri eji maka nkwurịta okwu bụ 125 μm.
A na-ekewa ahụ dị gịrịgịrị ụzọ abụọ: isi na oyi akwa mkpuchi.The isi dayameta nke otu-mode eriri bụ 8 ~ 10μm, na isi dayameta nke multimode eriri nwere abụọ ọkọlọtọ nkọwa.The isi diameters bụ 62.5μm (American ọkọlọtọ) na 50μm (European ọkọlọtọ).
The interface eriri nkọwa na-kọwara dị ka ndị a: 62.5μm / 125μm multimode eriri, ebe 62.5μm na-ezo aka na isi dayameta nke eriri na 125μm na-ezo aka mpụta dayameta nke eriri.
Single-mode eriri na-eji a wavelength nke 1310nm ma ọ bụ 1550 nm.
Multimode eriri na-ejikarị ọkụ 850 nm.
Enwere ike ịmata ụcha site na eriri otu ụdị na eriri multi mode.The otu-mode eriri elu ahụ bụ odo, na multi-mode eriri elu ahụ bụ oroma-acha ọbara ọbara.
Gigabit ngwa anya ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri
Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri anya Gigabit nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na ụdị mmanye yana nke aka ya.Na nkọwapụta 802.3, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Gigabit na-akwado naanị ọnụego 1000M, ma na-akwado ụdị duplex zuru ezu (Full) na ọkara duplex (Ọkara).
Ihe kachasị dị iche n'etiti mkparịta ụka akpaaka na mmanye bụ na iyi koodu ezitere mgbe ha abụọ guzobe njikọ anụ ahụ dị iche.Ọnọdụ mkparịta ụka akpaaka na-eziga / C / koodu, nke bụ iyi koodu nhazi, ebe ọnọdụ mmanye na-eziga / I / koodu, nke bụ iyi koodu na-abaghị uru.
Usoro mkparita uka akpaaka nke Gigabit optical port
Nke mbụ, edobere nsọtụ abụọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ mkparita uka akpaaka
Ndị otu abụọ ahụ na-ezigara ibe ha iyi iyi C / koodu.Ọ bụrụ na enwetara koodu 3 na-esochi / C / yana iyi koodu enwetara dabara na ọnọdụ ọrụ mpaghara, ha ga-eji nzaghachi Ack laghachi na nke ọzọ.Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị ozi Ack, onye ọgbọ ahụ na-eche na ha abụọ nwere ike ikwurịta okwu ma debe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na steeti UP.
Nke abụọ, Tọọ otu njedebe na mkparita uka akpaaka na otu njedebe na iwu
Ọgwụgwụ mkparịta ụka onwe ya na-eziga / C / iyi, na njedebe mmanye na-eziga / I / iyi.Ọgwụgwụ mmanye enweghị ike ịnye njedebe mpaghara na ozi mkparịta ụka nke njedebe mpaghara, ma ọ bụ enweghị ike ịlaghachi nzaghachi Ack na njedebe dịpụrụ adịpụ, ya mere njedebe mkparịta ụka onwe onye dị ala.Otú ọ dị, njedebe mmanye n'onwe ya nwere ike ịmata / C / koodu, ma na-ewere na njedebe ndị ọgbọ bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ejikọta onwe ya, ya mere a na-edozi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mpaghara ozugbo na steeti UP.
Nke atọ, edobere nsọtụ abụọ ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ mmanye
Ndị otu abụọ ahụ na-ezigara ibe ha / m / iyi.Mgbe ị nwetasịrị / I / iyi, otu njedebe na-ewere onye ọgbọ ya ka ọ bụrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dabara na ya, ma na-edobe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ozugbo na steeti UP.
Kedu ka fiber si arụ ọrụ?
Filamenti enyo dị ka ntutu nke ejiri akwa rọba nchebe kpuchie ya.Filamenti iko ahụ bụ akụkụ abụọ mejupụtara ya: dayameta isi nke 9 ruo 62.5 μm, yana ihe enyo enyo dị ala nke nwere dayameta nke 125 μm.Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ụfọdụ ụdị eriri anya ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe eji eme ihe na nha dị iche iche, a na-akpọkarị ndị a na-ahụkarị ebe a.A na-ebunye ọkụ na isi oyi akwa nke eriri ahụ na ọnọdụ "mkpokọta n'ime ime", ya bụ, mgbe ọkụ batara n'otu njedebe nke eriri ahụ, a na-egosipụta ya azụ na azụ n'etiti isi na cladding interfaces, wee bufee ya na oghere. njedebe ọzọ nke eriri.A na-akpọ eriri anya nke nwere dayameta isi nke 62.5 μm yana dayameta mpụta nke 125 μm bụ ọkụ 62.5/125 μm.
Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti multimode na otu eriri mode?
Multimode:
A na-akpọ eriri nwere ike ịgbasa ọtụtụ narị na puku puku ụdịdị ụdịdị multimode (MM).Dị ka radial nkesa nke refractive index na isi na cladding, ọ nwere ike ikewa n'ime nzọụkwụ multimode eriri na graded multimode eriri.Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nha multimode fiber niile bụ 50/125 μm ma ọ bụ 62.5/125 μm, yana bandwit (ọnụọgụ ozi nke eriri na-ebufe) na-abụkarị 200 MHz ruo 2 GHz.Multimode optical transceivers nwere ike ibunye ihe ruru kilomita ise site na eriri multimode.Jiri diode na-ebunye ọkụ ma ọ bụ laser dị ka isi iyi ọkụ.
Ụdị otu:
A na-akpọ eriri ndị nwere ike ịgbasa naanị otu mode fibers.Profaịlụ index refractive nke eriri ọkọlọtọ otu-mode (SM) yiri nke eriri ụdị nzọụkwụ, belụsọ na dayameta isi dị ntakịrị karịa nke eriri multimode.
The size nke otu-mode eriri bụ 9-10 / 125 μm, na o nwere àgwà nke enweghi ngwụcha bandwit na ala ọnwụ karịa multi-mode eriri.A na-ejikarị transceivers ngwa anya otu ụdị maka nnyefe dị anya, mgbe ụfọdụ na-eru 150 ruo 200 kilomita.Jiri LD ma ọ bụ LED nwere ahịrị dị warara dị warara dị ka isi iyi ọkụ.
Ọdịiche na njikọ:
Ngwá ọrụ otu ụdị nwere ike na-agba ọsọ na eriri otu mode ma ọ bụ eriri multi mode, ebe akụrụngwa mode nwere oke iji rụọ ọrụ na eriri multi mode.
Kedu ihe bụ ọnwụ nnyefe mgbe ị na-eji eriri anya?
Nke a na-adabere n'ogologo ọkụ a na-ebunye na ụdị eriri eji.
Ogologo 850nm maka eriri multimode: 3.0 dB / km
Ogologo 1310nm maka eriri multimode: 1.0 dB / km
Ogologo 1310nm maka eriri otu ụdị: 0.4 dB / km
Ogologo 1550nm maka eriri otu ụdị: 0.2 dB / km
Kedu ihe bụ GBIC?
GBIC bụ mbiri nke Giga Bitrate Interface Converter, nke bụ ngwaọrụ interface na-agbanwe mgbama ọkụ gigabit ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi.Emebere GBIC maka nkwụnye ọkụ.GBIC bụ ngwaahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-agbaso ụkpụrụ mba ụwa.Gigabit switches emebere na GBIC interface na-eburu oke ahịa n'ahịa n'ihi mgbanwe mgbanwe ha na-agbanwe.
Kedu ihe bụ SFP?
SFP bụ mbiri nke SMALL FORM PLUGGABLE, nke enwere ike ịghọta ya dị ka ụdị GBIC emelitere.A na-ebelata nha nke modul SFP site na ọkara ma e jiri ya tụnyere GBIC module, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike karịa okpukpu abụọ na otu panel.Ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke modul SFP bụ isi na nke GBIC.Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta mgba ọkụ na-akpọ modul SFP a mini-GBIC (MINI-GBIC).
Modul ngwa anya n'ọdịnihu ga-akwado nkwụnye ọkụ, ya bụ, modul nwere ike jikọọ ma ọ bụ wepụ ya na ngwaọrụ ahụ na-ewepụghị ọkụ eletrik.N'ihi na modul ngwa anya na-ekpo ọkụ pluggable, ndị na-ahụ maka netwọk nwere ike ịkwalite ma gbasaa usoro ahụ na-emechighị netwọk ahụ.Onye ọrụ anaghị eme mgbanwe ọ bụla.Mgbanwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-emekwa ka mmezi niile dị mfe ma na-enyere ndị ọrụ njedebe aka ijikwa modul transceiver ha nke ọma.N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi arụmọrụ a na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, modul a na-enyere ndị na-ahụ maka netwọk aka ime atụmatụ n'ozuzu maka ụgwọ transceiver, njikọ dị anya, na topologies netwọk niile dabere na mkpa nkwalite netwọkụ, na-enweghị iji dochie bọọdụ sistemu kpamkpam.
Modul anya nke na-akwado swap a na-ekpo ọkụ dị ugbu a na GBIC na SFP.N'ihi na SFP na SFF dị ihe dịka otu nha, enwere ike itinye ha ozugbo na bọọdụ sekit, na-echekwa ohere na oge na ngwugwu, ma nwee ọtụtụ ngwa.Ya mere, mmepe ya n'ọdịnihu kwesịrị ka a na-atụ anya ya, ma nwedịrị ike itinye ahịa SFF egwu.
SFF (Small Form Factor) obere ngwugwu ngwa anya modul na-eji teknụzụ nkenke ziri ezi na teknụzụ njikọta sekit, nha ahụ bụ naanị ọkara nke nkịtị duplex SC (1X9) fiber optic transceiver modul, nke nwere ike okpukpu abụọ nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri anya n'otu oghere.Mụbaa njupụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ma belata ọnụ ahịa sistemụ n'otu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.Na n'ihi na SFF obere ngwugwu modul na-eji a KT-RJ interface yiri ọla kọpa netwọk, size bụ otu ihe ahụ na nkịtị kọmputa netwọk ọla kọpa interface, nke na-eme ka mgbanwe nke ẹdude ọla kọpa dabeere na netwọk akụrụngwa na elu-ọsọ eriri. netwọk optic.Iji zute mmụba dị egwu na bandwidth netwọk chọrọ.
Ụdị interface ngwaọrụ njikọ netwọkụ
BNC interface
BNC interface na-ezo aka na interface cable coaxial.A na-eji interface BNC maka njikọ eriri coaxial 75 ohm.Ọ na-enye ọwa abụọ nke ịnata (RX) na nnyefe (TX).A na-eji ya maka njikọ nke mgbaàmà na-enweghị isi.
Fiber interface
A eriri interface bụ anụ ahụ interface eji jikọọ eriri optic eriri.A na-enwekarị ụdị dị iche iche dịka SC, ST, LC, FC.Maka njikọ 10Base-F, njikọ ahụ na-abụkarị ụdị ST, na njedebe nke ọzọ FC jikọtara ya na fiber optic patch panel.FC bụ mbiri nke FerruleConnector.Usoro nkwado dị n'èzí bụ ogwe aka ígwè na usoro ntinye bụ bọtịnụ ịghasa.A na-ejikarị ST interface maka 10Base-F, a na-ejikarị interface SC maka 100Base-FX na GBIC, LC na-ejikarị SFP.
RJ-45 interface
RJ-45 interface bụ interface a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka Ethernet.RJ-45 bụ aha a na-ejikarị eme ihe, nke na-ezo aka na nhazi nke IEC (60) 603-7, na-eji ọnọdụ 8 (ntụpọ 8) nke ọkọlọtọ njikọ mba ụwa kọwapụtara.Jack ma ọ bụ plọg modular.
RS-232 interface
RS-232-C interface (nke a makwaara dị ka EIA RS-232-C) bụ interface nzikọrịta ozi nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe.Ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ maka nzikọrịta ozi serial nke American Electronics Industry Association (EIA) mebere na 1970 na njikọ Bell, ndị na-emepụta modem, na ndị na-emepụta ọnụ kọmputa.Aha ya zuru oke bụ "ụkpụrụ teknụzụ mgbanwe ọnụọgụ abụọ ọnụọgụ abụọ n'etiti akụrụngwa ọdụ data (DTE) na akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta data (DCE)".Ọkọlọtọ na-ekwu na a na-eji njikọ 25-pin DB25 iji kọwaa ọdịnaya mgbaàmà nke ntụtụ ọ bụla nke njikọ yana ọkwa nke akara dị iche iche.
RJ-11 interface
RJ-11 interface bụ ihe anyị na-akpọkarị interface akara ekwentị.RJ-11 bụ aha mkpokọta maka njikọ nke Western Electric mepụtara.A kọwapụtara ndepụta ya dị ka ngwaọrụ njikọ 6-pin.Nke a na-akpọbu WExW, ebe x pụtara "arụ ọrụ", kọntaktị ma ọ bụ eriri eriri.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, WE6W nwere kọntaktị 6 niile, ọnụ ọgụgụ 1 ruo 6, interface WE4W na-eji naanị 4 pin, anaghị eji kọntaktị abụọ kachasị elu (1 na 6), WE2W na-eji naanị ntụtụ abụọ n'etiti (ya bụ, maka interface akara ekwentị) .
CWDM na DWDM
Site na uto ngwa ngwa nke ọrụ data IP na ịntanetị, ọchịchọ maka bandwidth eriri nnyefe abawanyela.Ọ bụ ezie na DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) nkà na ụzụ bụ usoro kachasị dị irè iji dozie nsogbu nke mgbasawanye bandwidth ahịrị, nkà na ụzụ CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) nwere uru karịa DWDM n'ihe gbasara ọnụ ahịa usoro na ịnọgidesi ike.
Ma CWDM na DWDM so na teknụzụ multiplexing nkewa nkewavelength, na ha nwere ike ijikọ ogologo wavelength dị iche iche nke ìhè n'ime eriri otu-isi wee bufee ha ọnụ.
Ụkpụrụ ITU kachasị ọhụrụ nke CWDM bụ G.695, nke na-akọwapụta ọwa 18 wavelength nwere oge 20nm site na 1271nm ruo 1611nm.N'ịtụle mmetụta kachasị elu mmiri nke eriri anya G.652 nkịtị, a na-ejikarị ọwa 16 eme ihe.N'ihi nnukwu oghere ọwa, multiplexing na demultiplexing ngwaọrụ na lasers dị ọnụ ala karịa ngwaọrụ DWDM.
Ogologo ọwa nke DWDM nwere oge dị iche iche dị ka 0.4nm, 0.8nm, 1.6nm, wdg. Ogologo oge dị ntakịrị na ihe ndị ọzọ na-achịkwa ọkụ ọkụ chọrọ.Ya mere, akụrụngwa dabere na teknụzụ DWDM dị oke ọnụ karịa akụrụngwa dabere na teknụzụ CWDM.
PIN photodiode bụ oyi akwa nke ụdị N-dị obere doped n'etiti ụdị P-ụdị na semiconductor nke nwere oke doping, nke a na-akpọ oyi akwa I (Intrinsic).N'ihi na ọ bụ obere doped, ntinye electron dị nnọọ ala, a na-emepụta akwa oyi akwa zuru oke mgbe mgbasa ozi gasịrị, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ọsọ nzaghachi ya na ngbanwe arụmọrụ.
APD avalanche photodiodes nwere ọ bụghị naanị ntụgharị anya / eletrịkị kamakwa mmụba nke ime.A na-emewanye mmụba ahụ site na mmetụta ịba ụba nke oke mmiri n'ime tube.APD bụ photodiode nwere uru.Mgbe uche nke onye na-anata anya dị elu, APD na-enyere aka ịgbatị ebe nnyefe nke usoro.