Ukutshintsha kwe-Optical ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswe kwi-Ethernet switches kubandakanya i-SFP, i-GBIC, i-XFP, kunye ne-XENPAK.
Amagama abo esiNgesi apheleleyo:
I-SFP: I-Form encinci-FactorPluggabletransceiver, ifom encinci ye-pluggable transceiver
I-GBIC: I-GigaBit InterfaceConverter, i-Gigabit Ethernet Interface Converter
I-XFP: I-10-Gigabit encinciI-Form-factorPluggable transceiver 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface
I-transceiver encinci ye-pluggable
XENPAK: 10-Gigabit EtherNetTransceiverPAcKage 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface transceiver iseti iphakheji.
Isidibanisi sefiber optical
I-fiber optical connector yenziwe ngefiber optical kunye neplagi kuzo zombini iziphelo zefiber optical, kwaye iplagi yenziwe ngepini kunye nesakhiwo sokuvala i-peripheral.Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshixa, izihlanganisi zefiber optic zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo zeFC, uhlobo lwe-SC, uhlobo lwe-LC, uhlobo lwe-ST kunye nohlobo lwe-KTRJ.
Isidibanisi seFC sisebenzisa indlela yokutshixa intambo, sisidibanisi sefiber eshukumayo esiye sayilwa ngaphambili kwaye sisetyenziswa kakhulu.
I-SC luhlanganiso oluxande oluphuhliswe yi-NTT.Inokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ikhutshwe ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano lwe-screw.Xa kuthelekiswa neFC isinxibelelanisi, inendawo encinci yokusebenza kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Iimveliso ze-Ethernet ezisezantsi zixhaphake kakhulu.
I-LC sisidibanisi sodidi oluncinci lwe-SC oluphuhliswe ngu-LUCENT.Inobukhulu obuncinci kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwinkqubo.Isalathiso sophuhliso lwefiber optic izihlanganisi ezisebenzayo kwixesha elizayo.Iimveliso ze-Ethernet ezisezantsi zixhaphake kakhulu.
Isidibanisi se-ST siphuhliswa yi-AT & T kwaye isebenzisa indlela yokutshixa yohlobo lwe-bayonet.Iiparamitha eziphambili zilingana ne-FC kunye ne-SC connectors, kodwa ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwiinkampani.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa izixhobo ze-multimode ukudibanisa nabanye abavelisi Isetyenziswe ngakumbi xa i-docking.
Izikhonkwane ze-KTRJ ziyiplastiki.Zibekwe ngezikhonkwane zentsimbi.Njengoko inani lamaxesha okukhwelana lisanda, iindawo zokukhwelana ziya kuguga, kwaye uzinzo lwazo lwexesha elide alulunganga njengolu lwezikhonkwane zepini zeceramic.
Ulwazi lweFayibha
I-Optical fiber yi-conductor ehambisa amaza okukhanya.I-fiber ye-Optical inokwahlulwa ibe yi-fiber-mode-mode kunye ne-multi-mode fiber ukusuka kwindlela yokuhanjiswa kwe-optical.
Kwifiber yemowudi enye, kukho indlela enye kuphela esisiseko yokuhanjiswa kwe-optical, oko kukuthi, ukukhanya kuhanjiswa kuphela kumbindi wangaphakathi wefiber.Ngenxa yokuba i-mode dispersion igwenywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ibhendi yokuhanjiswa kwefayibha enye ibanzi, ifanelekile kwi-high-speed and-long-distance fibre communication.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhanjiswa kwe-optical kwifiber ye-multimode.Ngenxa yokusasazwa okanye ukuphambuka, le fayibha inokusebenza kakubi kothumelo, ibhendi yefrikhwensi emxinwa, isantya esincinci sosulelo, kunye nomgama omfutshane.
Iiparamitha zeempawu zefiber optical
Ulwakhiwo lwefiber optical lutsalwa ngeerodi zefiber zequartz.I-diameter yangaphandle yefiber ye-multimode kunye ne-fiber mode enye esetyenziselwa unxibelelwano yi-125 μm.
Umzimba oSlim wohlulwe ube ziindawo ezimbini: undoqo kunye nomgangatho wokugquma.I-diameter engundoqo ye-fiber-mode eyodwa yi-8 ~ 10μm, kwaye i-diameter engundoqo yefiber ye-multimode inemigangatho emibini.Ububanzi obuphambili bu-62.5μm (umgangatho waseMelika) kunye ne-50μm (umgangatho waseYurophu).
Iimpawu ze-fiber interface zichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-62.5μm / 125μm i-fiber multimode, apho i-62.5μm ibhekisela kububanzi obuphambili befiber kunye ne-125μm ibhekisela kububanzi obungaphandle befiber.
I-fiber yendlela enye isebenzisa ubude be-wavelength ye-1310nm okanye i-1550 nm.
Iintsinga zeMultimode zisebenzisa ubukhulu becala i-850 nm ukukhanya.
Umbala unokwahlulwa kwifiber yemowudi enye kunye nefiber yemode ezininzi.Umzimba wangaphandle wefayibha onemodi enye utyheli, kwaye umzimba wangaphandle wefiber onemodi enye unombala o-orenji.
Gigabit optical port
I-Gigabit optical port inokusebenza kuzo zombini iindlela zokunyanzeliswa kunye nokuzixoxisana.Kwinkcazo ye-802.3, i-Gigabit optical port ixhasa kuphela i-1000M yereyithi, kwaye ixhasa i-duplex ezimbini ezipheleleyo (Egcweleyo) kunye ne-half-duplex (Half) ye-duplex modes.
Owona mahluko usisiseko phakathi kothethathethwano oluzenzekelayo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kukuba ikhowudi imilambo ethunyelwe xa ezi zimbini ziseka ikhonkco lomzimba zahlukile.Imowudi ye-auto-negotiation ithumela i / C / ikhowudi, engumjelo wekhowudi yoqwalaselo, ngelixa imowudi yokunyanzela ithumela / I / ikhowudi, eyikhowudi engasebenziyo.
Inkqubo ye-Gigabit optical port auto-negotiation
Okokuqala, zombini iziphelo zisetelwe kwimowudi yothethathethwano oluzenzekelayo
Amaqela amabini athumela / C / ikhowudi imisinga komnye nomnye.Ukuba i-3 elandelelanayo / C / iikhowudi zifunyenwe kwaye imijelo yekhowudi efunyenweyo ihambelana nendlela yokusebenza yendawo, baya kubuyela kwelinye iqela nge / C / ikhowudi kunye nempendulo ye-Ack.Emva kokufumana umyalezo we-Ack, intanga icinga ukuba abo babini banokunxibelelana kunye kwaye babeke ichweba kwi-UP state.
Okwesibini, Misela isiphelo esinye kwi-auto-negotiation kunye nesiphelo esinye kwisinyanzelo
Isiphelo sokuthetha-thethana sithumela / C / umsinga, kwaye isiphelo sokunyanzelisa sithumela / I / umsinga.Ukuphela kokunyanzeliswa akukwazi ukubonelela ngesiphelo sendawo kunye nolwazi lothethathethwano lwesiphelo sendawo, kwaye alukwazi ukubuyisela impendulo ye-Ack kwisiphelo esikude, ngoko ke isiphelo sokuzixoxisana si-PHANSI.Nangona kunjalo, isiphelo sokunyanzeliswa ngokwaso sinokuchonga i / C / ikhowudi, kwaye ithathela ingqalelo ukuba isiphelo sontanga yizibuko elihambelana ngokwalo, ngoko ke i-port yesiphelo sendawo imiselwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-UP.
Okwesithathu, zombini iziphelo zisetelwe ukunyanzela imo
Omabini amaqela athumela / mna / umsinga omnye komnye.Emva kokufumana i / I / umjelo, isiphelo esinye sithatha intanga njengezibuko elihambelana ngokwalo, kwaye ibeka ngokuthe ngqo izibuko lendawo ukuya kwimeko ye-UP.
Isebenza njani ifayibha?
Imicu ye-Optical yonxibelelwano iquka imicu yeglasi efana neenwele egqunywe ngocweyo lweplastiki olukhuselayo.I-filament yeglasi ngokuyimfuneko yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini: i-diameter engundoqo ye-9 ukuya kwi-62.5 μm, kunye ne-low refractive index ye-glass material kunye nobubanzi be-125 μm.Nangona kukho ezinye iintlobo zefiber optical ngokwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ezona ziqhelekileyo zikhankanyiwe apha.Ukukhanya kuhanjiswa kwinqanaba eliphambili lefiber kwimo "yokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi ngokupheleleyo", oko kukuthi, emva kokuba ukukhanya kungene kwelinye icala lefiber, kubonakaliswa ngapha nangapha phakathi kwe-core kunye ne-cladding interfaces, kwaye emva koko idluliselwe kwi-fiber. esinye isiphelo sefiber.I-fiber optical ene-core diameter ye-62.5 μm kunye ne-cladding yangaphandle ye-125 μm ibizwa ngokuba yi-62.5 / 125 μm ukukhanya.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwemultimode kunye nefiber yemowudi enye?
I-Multimode:
Iintsinga ezinokusasaza amakhulu ukuya kumawaka eendlela zibizwa ngokuba ziintsinga zemultimode (MM).Ngokusasazwa kweradial yesalathiso se-refractive kwi-core kunye ne-cladding, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-fiber ye-multimode kunye ne-multimode fiber.Phantse zonke iisayizi zefayibha ze-multimode ziyi-50/125 μm okanye i-62.5 / 125 μm, kunye ne-bandwidth (isixa solwazi olusasazwa yifayibha) idla ngokuba yi-200 MHz ukuya kwi-2 GHz.I-Multimode transceivers optical inokuhambisa ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezi-5 ngefiber ye-multimode.Sebenzisa i-diode ekhupha ukukhanya okanye i-laser njengomthombo wokukhanya.
Imowudi enye:
Iintsinga ezinokusasaza imo enye kuphela zibizwa ngokuba ziintsinga zemowudi enye.Iprofayili ye-refractive index ye-standard single-mode (SM) fibers ifana ne-step-type fibers, ngaphandle kokuba i-core diameter incinci kakhulu kune-multimode fibers.
Ubungakanani be-fiber ye-mode-mode yi-9-10 / 125 μm, kwaye ineempawu ze-bandwidth engapheliyo kunye nelahleko ephantsi kune-fiber ye-multi-mode.Ii-transceivers ze-single-optical transceivers zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqithiseni umgama omde, ngamanye amaxesha zifikelela kwi-150 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-200.Sebenzisa i-LD okanye i-LED enomgca we-spectral emxinwa njengomthombo wokukhanya.
Umahluko kunye noqhagamshelwano:
Isixhobo semowudi enye siqhele ukusebenza kwifiber yemowudi enye okanye ifayibha ezininzi, ngelixa izixhobo zemowudi ezininzi zinqunyelwe ukusebenza kwifiber yemowudi eninzi.
Yintoni ilahleko yothumelo xa usebenzisa iintambo zamehlo?
Oku kuxhomekeke kubude bokukhanya okuhanjiswayo kunye nodidi lwefiber esetyenzisiweyo.
I-850nm ubude be-multimode fiber: 3.0 dB / km
I-1310nm ubude be-multimode fiber: 1.0 dB / km
I-1310nm ubude be-fiber yendlela enye: 0.4 dB / km
I-1550nm ubude be-fiber yendlela enye: 0.2 dB / km
Yintoni i-GBIC?
I-GBIC sisishunqulelo se-Giga Bitrate Interface Converter, esisixhobo sojongano oluguqula imiqondiso yombane yegigabit ibe ziimpawu zokukhanya.I-GBIC yenzelwe ukuplaga eshushu.I-GBIC yimveliso etshintshayo ehambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.Iiswitshi ze-Gigabit eziyilwe nge-GBIC interface zithatha isabelo esikhulu semakethi ngenxa yotshintshiselwano oluguquguqukayo.
Yintoni i-SFP?
I-SFP sisishunqulelo se-SMALL FORM PLUGGABLE, enokuqondwa ngokulula njengoguqulelo oluphuculweyo lwe-GBIC.Ubungakanani bemodyuli ye-SFP buncitshiswe ngesiqingatha xa kuthelekiswa nemodyuli ye-GBIC, kwaye inani lamachweba linokuba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kwipaneli efanayo.Eminye imisebenzi yemodyuli ye-SFP ngokusisiseko iyafana naleyo ye-GBIC.Abanye abavelisi bokutshintsha babiza imodyuli ye-SFP ngokuba yimini-GBIC (MINI-GBIC).
Iimodyuli zexesha elizayo kufuneka zixhase iplagi eshushu, oko kukuthi, imodyuli inokudityaniswa okanye ikhutshwe kwisixhobo ngaphandle kokuqhawula unikezelo lwamandla.Ngenxa yokuba imodyuli ye-optical ishushu iplagi, abaphathi benethiwekhi banokuphucula kunye nokwandisa inkqubo ngaphandle kokuvala inethiwekhi.Umsebenzisi akenzi mahluko.Ukutshintshana okushushu kukwalula ugcino jikelele kwaye kwenza abasebenzisi bokugqibela balawule ngcono iimodyuli zabo zetransceiver.Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yale modyuli yokutshintsha okushushu, le modyuli yenza ukuba abaphathi benethiwekhi benze izicwangciso ezipheleleyo zeendleko ze-transceiver, imigama yekhonkco, kunye nazo zonke ii-topology zenethiwekhi ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zokuphucula inethiwekhi, ngaphandle kokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo iibhodi zenkqubo.
Iimodyuli ze-optical ezixhasa le-hot-swap zikhoyo ngoku kwi-GBIC kunye ne-SFP.Ngenxa yokuba i-SFP kunye ne-SFF zimalunga nobukhulu obufanayo, zinokuthi zifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwibhodi yesiphaluka, zigcine indawo kunye nexesha kwiphakheji, kwaye zibe noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwalo lwexesha elizayo lufanelekile ukujongwa, kwaye lunokusongela imarike ye-SFF.
I-SFF (iFomu encinci yeFactor) imodyuli encinci ye-optical module isebenzisa i-optical optics echanekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwesekethe, ubungakanani buyisiqingatha kuphela semodyuli eqhelekileyo ye-duplex SC (1X9) ye-fiber optic transceiver, enokuphinda kabini inani lamazibuko optical kwindawo enye.Ukwandisa uxinaniso lwezibuko kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zesixokelelwano ngezibuko ngalinye.Kwaye ngenxa yokuba imodyuli yephakheji encinci ye-SFF isebenzisa ujongano lwe-KT-RJ olufana nothungelwano lobhedu, ubungakanani buyafana nojongano lwekhompiyutha eqhelekileyo yobhedu, nto leyo enceda ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo zenethiwekhi ezisekelwe elubhedu kwisantya esiphezulu. uthungelwano lwe-optic.Ukuhlangabezana nokunyuka okumangalisayo kweemfuno ze-network bandwidth.
Uhlobo lwesixhobo soqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi
Ujongano lwe-BNC
Ujongano lwe-BNC lubhekisa kujongano lwentambo ye-coaxial.I-interface ye-BNC isetyenziselwa i-75 ohm coaxial cable uxhumano.Ibonelela ngeendlela ezimbini zokufumana (RX) kunye nokudlulisa (TX).Isetyenziselwa ukudityaniswa kweempawu ezingalungelelananga.
Ujongano lweFayibha
Ujongano lwefiber lujongano olubonakalayo olusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iintambo zefiber optic.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindidi ezininzi ezifana ne-SC, ST, LC, FC.Uxhulumaniso lwe-10Base-F, ikhonkco ngokuqhelekileyo luhlobo lwe-ST, kunye nesinye isiphelo se-FC sixhunywe kwi-fiber optic patch panel.FC sisishunqulelo seFerruleConnector.Indlela yokuqiniswa kwangaphandle ngumkhono wensimbi kunye nendlela yokuqinisa iqhosha le-screw.I-ST interface idla ngokusetyenziselwa i-10Base-F, i-SC interface idla ngokusetyenziselwa i-100Base-FX kunye ne-GBIC, i-LC idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-SFP.
RJ-45 ujongano
I-interface ye-RJ-45 yeyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-Ethernet.I-RJ-45 ligama eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziswayo, elibhekiselele kummiselo we-IEC (60) 603-7, usebenzisa izikhundla ze-8 (izikhonkwane ezi-8) ezichazwe ngumgangatho wokudibanisa ngamazwe ngamazwe.Ijekhi yemodyuli okanye iplagi.
RS-232 ujongano
I-RS-232-C interface (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-EIA RS-232-C) yeyona isetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo ujongano lonxibelelwano olulandelelanayo.Lumgangatho wonxibelelwano olulandelelanayo oluphuhliswe ngokudibeneyo yi-American Electronics Industry Association (EIA) ngo-1970 ngokubambisana neenkqubo zeBell, abavelisi bemodem, kunye nabavelisi betheminali yekhompyutha.Igama layo elipheleleyo “ngumgangatho wobuchwephesha botshintshiselwano lwedatha yokubini phakathi kwezixhobo zedatha yedatha (DTE) kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwedatha (DCE)”.Umgangatho uchaza ukuba i-25-pin DB25 ikhonkco isetyenziselwa ukucacisa umxholo wesignali wepini nganye yekhonkco, kunye nomgangatho weempawu ezahlukeneyo.
RJ-11 ujongano
I-interface ye-RJ-11 yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-interface yomgca wefowuni.I-RJ-11 ligama elenziwe lafana nelo lenziwe lafana nelo lokudibanisa ikhonkco eliphuhliswe nguMbane waseNtshona.Ulwandlalo lwalo luchazwa njengesixhobo soqhagamshelo lwe-6-pin.Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuba yi-WExW, apho u-x uthetha "esebenzayo", ukudibana okanye ukuthunga inaliti.Ngokomzekelo, i-WE6W inabo bonke abafowunelwa be-6, inombolo ye-1 ukuya ku-6, i-interface ye-WE4W isebenzisa izikhonkwane ezi-4 kuphela, abafowunelwa ababini abangaphandle (1 kunye ne-6) abasetyenziswanga, i-WE2W isebenzisa kuphela izikhonkwane ezimbini eziphakathi (oko kukuthi, ujongano lomgca wefowuni) .
I-CWDM kunye ne-DWDM
Ngokukhula okukhawulezayo kweenkonzo zedatha ye-IP kwi-Intanethi, imfuno ye-bandwidth yomgca wothumelo iye yanda.Nangona i-DWDM (i-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) iteknoloji yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokusombulula ingxaki yokwandiswa kwe-bandwidth yomgca, i-CWDM (i-Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) iteknoloji ineenzuzo ngaphezu kwe-DWDM ngokweendleko zenkqubo kunye nokugcinwa.
Zombini i-CWDM kunye ne-DWDM zezeteknoloji ye-wavelength ye-multiplexing ye-wavelength, kwaye banokudibanisa ubude obuhlukeneyo bokukhanya kwi-fiber-core fiber kwaye bayidlulisele kunye.
Umgangatho wamva nje we-ITU we-CWDM yi-G.695, echaza amajelo obude be-18 anesithuba se-20nm ukusuka kwi-1271nm ukuya kwi-1611nm.Ukuqwalasela umphumo wokuphakama kwamanzi oqhelekileyo we-G.652 optical fibers, iziteshi ze-16 zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Ngenxa yesithuba esikhulu setshaneli, izixhobo zokuphindaphinda kunye ne-demultiplexing kunye ne-lasers zixabiso eliphantsi kunezixhobo ze-DWDM.
Ikhefu lesiteshi se-DWDM linamathuba ahlukeneyo afana ne-0.4nm, 0.8nm, 1.6nm, njl.Ngoko ke, izixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-DWDM zibiza kakhulu kunezixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-CWDM.
I-PIN photodiode ngumaleko wezinto zohlobo lwe-N olufakwe kancinci phakathi kohlobo lwe-P kunye ne-N-type semiconductor enogxininiso lwe-doping oluphezulu, olubizwa ngokuba ngumaleko we-I (Intrinsic).Ngenxa yokuba i-doped encinci, i-electron concentration iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye i-depletion layer ebanzi yenziwa emva kokusasazwa, enokuphucula isantya sokuphendula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa.
Iifotodiode ze-avalanche ze-APD azinayo nje i-optical / ukuguqulwa kombane kodwa kunye nokukhulisa kwangaphakathi.Ukwandisa kufezwa ngesiphumo sokuphindaphinda kwe-avalanche ngaphakathi kwityhubhu.I-APD yifotodiode enenzuzo.Xa uvakalelo lwe-receiver optical luphezulu, i-APD iyanceda ukwandisa umgama wokuhanjiswa kwenkqubo.