1.Ibanze shingiro rya PON
PON (Umuyoboro uhuriweho)
PON numuyoboro umwe wa fibre fibre optique yo guhuza imiyoboro ukoresheje ingingo-kuri-kugwiza (P2MP).Sisitemu ya PON igizwe numurongo wa optique (OLT), umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza optique (ODN), hamwe numuyoboro wa optique (ONU) kuruhande rwabakoresha mubiro bikuru, kandi ni sisitemu ya fibre imwe.Mu cyerekezo cyo hasi (OLT to ONU), ikimenyetso cyoherejwe na OLT kigera kuri buri ONU binyuze muri ODN.Mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru (ONU kugeza OLT), ikimenyetso cyoherejwe na ONU kizagera kuri OLT gusa kandi ntikizagera no kuri ONU .Mu rwego rwo kwirinda kugongana kwamakuru no kunoza imikorere yurusobe, icyerekezo cyo hejuru gifata TDMA uburyo bwinshi bwo kwinjira, kandi bugacunga amakuru ya buri ONU.ODN itanga imiyoboro ya optique hagati ya OLT na ONU.Imiterere ya PON irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo.
PON sisitemu yerekana imiterere
OLT iherereye kuruhande rwurusobe igashyirwa ku biro bikuru.Irashobora kuba L2 ihindura cyangwa L3 ya router, itanga umurongo woguhuza no kugera, bigafasha optique / amashanyarazi guhinduka, kugabura umurongo, no kugenzura buri muyoboro uhuza, hamwe nogukurikirana nigihe cyo kuyobora.N'imirimo yo kubungabunga.ONU iherereye kuruhande rwabakoresha kugirango ishyire mubikorwa gutunganya no gufata neza imashanyarazi itandukanye, kandi itanga uruhande rwumukoresha.OLT na ONU bihujwe na pasiporo optique itandukanya, kandi optique itandukanya ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amakuru yo hasi no gukusanya amakuru yo hejuru.Usibye ibikoresho bya terefone, sisitemu ya PON ntabwo isaba ibice byamashanyarazi bityo rero bikaba byoroshye.
PON ikoresha tekinoroji yo kugabana ibice byinshi (WDM) hamwe na tekinoroji ya 1490 nm / kuzamura 1310 nm ikomatanya kuri fibre imwe.Icyerekezo cyo hejuru ni ingingo-ku-buryo, naho icyerekezo cyo kumanuka ni uburyo bwo gutangaza.Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana imiterere shingiro ya PON.
Imiterere y'ibanze ya PON
Mu cyerekezo cyo hasi, OLT yohereza paki yamakuru kuri ONU zose muburyo bwo gutangaza, buri paki itwaye umutwe hamwe nogukwirakwiza aho ujya ONU.Iyo paki yamakuru igeze kuri ONU, MAC layer ya ONU ikora imyanzuro ya adresse, ikuramo paki yamakuru ubwayo, ikanata izindi paki zamakuru.
Icyerekezo cya uplink gikoresha tekinoroji ya Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), kandi amakuru yo hejuru ya ONU menshi agize amakuru ya TDM yoherezwa muri OLT.
2.Umurongo wa optique (OLT)
Imirongo ya optique (OLT) imikorere yo gutanga intera ihuza imiyoboro ya serivise na ODN, kandi itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza serivisi zitandukanye.OLT igizwe imbere murwego rwibanze, urwego rwa serivisi, hamwe na rusange.Serivisi itanga cyane cyane ibyambu bya serivisi kandi ishyigikira serivisi nyinshi;urwego rwibanze rutanga guhuza, kugwiza, no kohereza;kandi urwego rusange rutanga amashanyarazi no kubungabunga ibikorwa byo gucunga.
Kubaho kwa OLT birashobora kugabanya guhuza gukomatanya hagati yumurongo wa serivise yo murwego rwohejuru hamwe nu murongo wihariye, uyitwaye, umuyoboro, hamwe nubuyobozi bwibikoresho byinjira, kandi birashobora gutanga uburyo bumwe bwo guhuza imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro.
Imikorere yibanze ya OLT ikubiyemo: ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza ibikorwa hamwe na DN yo guhuza ibikorwa.
Imikorere ya serivisi ya OLT ikubiyemo: imikorere yicyambu cya serivisi, imikorere ya serivise yo guhuza ibikorwa, guhuza ibimenyetso byerekana, hamwe no kurinda interineti.
Ibikorwa bisanzwe bya OLT birimo cyane cyane imikorere ya OAM nibikorwa byo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Imbaraga za optique ziva muri OLT zikoreshwa cyane cyane ahantu hakurikira.
Gutandukanya: Umubare munini wa shunts, niko igihombo kinini.
l Fibre: Intera ndende, niko igihombo kinini.
l ONU: Umubare munini, niko OLT yohereza imbaraga zisabwa.Kugirango harebwe ko buri mbaraga zigera kuri ONU zisumba izakirwa kandi zikagira intera runaka, ingengo yimari igomba gushingira ku mubare nyawo no kugabana.
3.Umuyoboro mwiza wo gukwirakwiza
Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza optique (ODN) nuburyo bwo gutanga imiyoboro ya optique hagati ya OLT na ONU.Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru nukuzuza amakuru no gukwirakwiza amakuru hagati ya OLT na ONU, no gushyiraho umuyoboro wohererezanya amakuru hagati ya ONU na OLT.
Iboneza rya ODN mubisanzwe ni point-to-multipoint mode, ni ukuvuga, ONU nyinshi zahujwe na OLT imwe binyuze muri ODN imwe, kugirango ONU nyinshi zisangire uburyo bwo kohereza optique hagati ya OLT na ODN hamwe nibikoresho bya optoelectronic ya OLT .
(1) Ibigize ODN
Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize passiyo bigize ODN ni: fibre imwe ya fibre optique hamwe na fibre optique, umuhuza, pasitike optique itandukanya (OBD), ibyuma bya optique, hamwe na fibre optique.
(2) Imiterere ya topologiya ya ODN
Topologiya y'urusobe rwa ODN mubisanzwe ni ingingo-yo-kugwiza imiterere, ishobora kugabanywamo inyenyeri, igiti, bisi, nimpeta.
Imiterere y'urusobe rwa ODN
(3) Igenamiterere ryo kurinda gukora no guhagarara
Igikorwa gikora / gihagaze cyo kurinda imiyoboro ya ODN nugushiraho cyane cyane imiyoboro ibiri yohereza optique kubimenyetso bya optique byoherejwe numuyoboro wa ODN.Iyo umuyoboro wibanze unaniwe, irashobora guhita ihinduranya iyindi nzira kugirango yohereze ibimenyetso bya optique, harimo fibre optique, OLTs, ONUs, hamwe nuburyo bwibanze bwo kubika fibre yoherejwe.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi kandi byihagararaho birashobora kuba mumurongo umwe wa optique cyangwa mumashanyarazi atandukanye.Imiyoboro nyamukuru na backup optique irashobora gushyirwaho mumiyoboro itandukanye, kugirango imikorere yo gukingira iba nziza.
(4) Ibyiza byo kohereza biranga ODN
Ibishushanyo mbonera bya ODN bigomba kwemeza ko serivisi iyo ari yo yose iteganijwe ishobora gutangwa nta mpinduka nini, icyifuzo kigira ingaruka zikomeye kubiranga ibice bitandukanye.Ibisabwa bishobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye kuri optique ya ODN nibi bikurikira.
l Optical wavelength transparency: Ibice bitandukanye bya optique pasitike ntibigomba kugira ingaruka kumucyo wibimenyetso byanduye.Ibimenyetso bya optique bisabwa numuyoboro wabigenewe bigomba koherezwa mu mucyo, bityo bigatanga porogaramu ya WDM izaza.Urufatiro.
l Guhinduranya: Iyo ibisohoka ninjiza byurusobe rwa ODN bihujwe, ibiranga ihererekanyabubasha ryurusobe rwa ODN ntibigomba guhinduka cyane, ni ukuvuga ko ihinduka ryumuyoboro mugari hamwe nibihombo bya optique bigomba kuba bike.Ibi byoroshya igishushanyo mbonera.
l Guhuza imikorere y'urusobe: Umuyoboro wa ODN ugomba gukomeza ibimenyetso bya optique bihoraho.Ibiranga imiyoboro ya ODN bigomba kuba bihuye na OFSAN yose hamwe numuyoboro wose witumanaho.Umuyoboro mugari hamwe nibihombo bya optique bigomba kuba byiza kuri OFSAN yose.
(5) Ibipimo bya ODN
Ibipimo byerekana imikorere ya optique yo gutakaza imikorere ya sisitemu yose ni nkibi bikurikira.
l Igihombo cya ODN optique: itandukaniro riri hagati yingufu ntoya yohereza no hejuru yakira sensibilité.
lIkintu ntarengwa cyemewe cyo gutakaza umuyoboro: itandukaniro riri hagati yingufu zogukwirakwiza nimbaraga nyinshi zakira sensibilité.
l Umuyoboro ntarengwa wemererwa gutakaza: itandukaniro riri hagati yingufu ntoya yohereza no hasi yakira sensibilité (point overload point).
(6) Kugaragaza ODN
Kugaragaza kwa ODN biterwa no gutakaza igihombo cyibice bitandukanye bigize ODN nibintu byose byerekana kumurongo wa optique.Muri rusange, ibitekerezo byose byihariye bigomba kuba byiza kuruta-35 dB, kandi ntarengwa yerekana uburyo bwo kubona fibre igomba kuba nziza kuruta-50 dB.
4. Igice cya Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Igice cya optique (ONU) giherereye hagati ya ODN nibikoresho byabakoresha, kandi gitanga intera nziza hagati yumukoresha na ODN hamwe nu mashanyarazi hamwe nuruhande rwabakoresha kugirango bashyire mubikorwa gutunganya no gufata neza ibimenyetso bitandukanye byamashanyarazi.ONU igizwe nurwego rwibanze, urwego rwa serivisi, hamwe na rusange.Serivisi ya serivisi yerekeza cyane cyane ku byambu by'abakoresha;urwego rwibanze rutanga ibintu byinshi kandi byiza;kandi urwego rusange rutanga amashanyarazi no gucunga neza.
5. Uburyo bwo gusaba PON
Ubucuruzi bwa PON buboneye nibyiza, kandi mubisanzwe birashobora gukoreshwa mubimenyetso byose nibipimo.Ugereranije nu ngingo-ku-ngingo ikora ya optique ikora, tekinoroji ya PON irangwa no kubungabunga byoroshye, igiciro gito (kuzigama fibre na optique ya optique), umuvuduko mwinshi woherejwe hamwe nigiciro kinini cyibiciro.Ibiranga bizatuma bikomeza inyungu zo guhatanira umwanya muremure, kandi PON yamye ifatwa nkicyerekezo cyiterambere cyigihe kizaza.
Porogaramu ikwiye cyane kuri PON ni: igice cyumuyoboro winjira hafi yimpera yumukiriya;umukiriya wa serivisi ya ONU ntabwo ashimangira ko hakenewe kurengerwa cyangwa kurinda bypass;OLT irashobora gushirwa kumurongo hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo kubaho (kurugero, urwego rufite uburinzi).Ahantu abakoresha bibanda cyane.PON ahanini ifite uburyo butatu bwo gusaba.
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PON isimbuza umuyoboro wa Layeri 2
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PON isimbuza ibice bijyanye kugirango igere kumurongo wa optique
. ishusho ikurikira:
Serivisi nyinshi