1.Isakhiwo esisisiseko sePON
I-PON (Uthungelwano lwe-Passive Optical)
I-PON yi-fiber-fiber bidirectional optical access network usebenzisa i-point-to-multipoint (P2MP) isakhiwo.Inkqubo ye-PON yenziwe nge-terminal optical line (OLT), inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa optical (ODN), kunye neyunithi yenethiwekhi ye-optical (ONU) kwicala lomsebenzisi weofisi ephakathi, kwaye yinkqubo ye-fiber bidirectional system.Kwisalathiso esisezantsi (OLT ukuya kwi-ONU), isignali ethunyelwe yi-OLT ifikelela kwi-ONU nganye nge-ODN.Kwindlela enyukayo (ONU ukuya kwi-OLT), isignali ethunyelwe yi-ONU iya kufikelela kuphela kwi-OLT kwaye ayiyi kufikelela kwezinye ii-ONU. .Ukuze ugweme ukungqubana kwedatha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi, ulwalathiso lwe-uplink luthatha i-TDMA imodi yokufikelela ezininzi, kwaye ilawula ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ye-ONU nganye.I-ODN ibonelela ngamajelo okukhanya phakathi kwe-OLT kunye ne-ONU.Ubume besalathiso be-PON buboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi.
Ulwakhiwo lwesalathiso senkqubo yePON
I-OLT ibekwe kwicala lothungelwano kwaye ibekwe kwi-ofisi ephakathi.Ingaba yi-L2 switch okanye i-L3 router, ukubonelela ngokugxininiswa kwenethiwekhi kunye nokufikelela, ukuvumela ukuguqulwa kwe-optical / umbane, ukwabiwa kwe-bandwidth, kunye nokulawula uxhulumaniso lwesiteshi ngasinye, ngokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ixesha langempela.Nemisebenzi yogcino.I-ONU ibekwe kwicala lomsebenzisi ukuphumeza ukuphathwa kunye nokugcinwa kokulawulwa kweempawu ezahlukeneyo zombane, kwaye inikezela nge-interface yomsebenzisi.I-OLT kunye ne-ONU zidityaniswe yi-passive optical splitter, kwaye i-optical splitter isetyenziselwa ukusabalalisa idatha ye-downlink kunye nedatha ye-uplink.Ukongeza kwisixhobo se-terminal, inkqubo ye-PON ayifuni amacandelo ombane kwaye ngoko ke i-passive.
I-PON ithatha iteknoloji ye-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kunye ne-downlink 1490 nm / uplink 1310 nm inhlanganisela ye-wavelength kwifiber enye.Isalathiso se-uplink yindlela ye-point-to-point, kwaye i-downlink isalathiso yindlela yokusasaza.Lo mzobo ungezantsi ubonisa ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwePON.
Ubume bothungelwano olusisiseko lwePON
Kwisalathiso esisezantsi, i-OLT ithumela iipakethi zedatha kuzo zonke ii-ONU ngendlela yosasazo, ipakethe nganye ephethe i-header ehambisa i-identifier ye-ONU yendawo.Xa ipakethe yedatha ifika kwi-ONU, i-MAC layer ye-ONU yenza isisombululo sedilesi, ikhuphe ipakethe yedatha eyakhe, kwaye ilahle ezinye iipakethi zedatha.
Ulwalathiso lwe-uplink lusebenzisa i-Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) iteknoloji, kwaye ulwazi lwe-uplink lwee-ONU ezininzi zenza ulwazi lwe-TDM oluza kuthunyelwa kwi-OLT.
2.Itheminali yomgca weOptical (OLT)
I-terminal ye-optical line (OLT) isebenza ukunika ujongano olubonakalayo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yenkonzo kunye ne-ODN, kwaye ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo.I-OLT yangaphakathi yenziwe ngumaleko ongundoqo, i-service layer, kunye ne-public layer.Umaleko wenkonzo ikakhulu ubonelela ngezibuko zenkonzo kwaye uxhasa iinkonzo ezininzi;umaleko ongundoqo ubonelela ngomnqamlezo, ukuphindaphinda, kunye nokuhanjiswa;kwaye umaleko woluntu ubonelela ngonikezelo lwamandla kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo lolondolozo.
Ubukho be-OLT bunokunciphisa ukudibanisa okuqinileyo phakathi kothungelwano lwenkonzo yomgangatho ophezulu kunye nojongano oluthile, umthwali, uthungelwano, kunye nolawulo lwesixhobo sokufikelela kwisixhobo, kwaye inokubonelela ngojongano lolawulo lofikelelo olumanyeneyo lwenethiwekhi.
Imisebenzi engundoqo ye-OLT ibandakanya: umsebenzi wokusabalalisa ukuhlanganiswa kunye nomsebenzi wokulungelelanisa we-DN.
Imisebenzi yojongano lwenkonzo ye-OLT ibandakanya: umsebenzi wezibuko lenkonzo, umsebenzi wokulungelelaniswa kojongano lwenkonzo, ukusetyenzwa komqondiso wonxibelelwano, kunye nokukhuselwa kojongano lwenkonzo.
Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ye-OLT ibandakanya ikakhulu imisebenzi ye-OAM kunye nemisebenzi yokubonelela ngombane.
Amandla okukhanya aphuma kwiOLT asetyenziswa ikakhulu kwezi ndawo zilandelayo.
I-Splitter: Okukhona inani elikhulu lee-shunts, inkulu ilahleko.
l IFayibha: Okukhona umgama omde, kokukhona ilahleko inkulu.
l ONU: Okukhona inani elikhulu, kokukhona kufuneka OLT ukuthumela amandla.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba igunya ngalinye elifikelela kwi-ONU liphezulu kunovakalelo olufunyenweyo kwaye linomda othile, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kufuneka lusekelwe kubuninzi bokwenene kunye nolwabiwo lwejografi.
I-3.Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-Optical
Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-optical (ODN) yindlela yokubonelela nge-optical transmission phakathi kwe-OLT kunye ne-ONU.Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukugqiba ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kunye nokusasazwa phakathi kwe-OLT kunye ne-ONU, kunye nokuseka ijelo lokudlulisa ulwazi ekupheleni kokuphela phakathi kwe-ONU kunye ne-OLT.
Ukucwangciswa kwe-ODN ngokuqhelekileyo imowudi ye-point-to-multipoint, oko kukuthi, ii-ONU ezininzi zixhunyiwe kwi-OLT enye nge-ODN enye, ukwenzela ukuba ii-ONU ezininzi zikwazi ukwabelana nge-optical transmission medium phakathi kwe-OLT kunye ne-ODN kunye nesixhobo se-optoelectronic se-OLT. .
(1) Ukuqulunqwa kwe-ODN
Amacandelo aphambili asebenzayo enza i-ODN zezi: i-fiber-mode-mode kunye ne-fiber optic cable, i-connectors, i-passive optical splitters (OBD), i-passive optical attenuators, kunye ne-fiber optic connectors.
(2) Isakhiwo se-Topological ye-ODN
I-topology yenethiwekhi ye-ODN ngokuqhelekileyo i-point-to-multipoint structure, enokuthi ihlulwe ibe yinkwenkwezi, umthi, ibhasi kunye nendandatho.
Ubume benethiwekhi ye-ODN
(3) Izicwangciso zokhuseleko olusebenzayo kunye nokulinda
Ukusetwa okusebenzayo / okulindileyo kokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ye-ODN ikakhulu kukuseka amajelo amabini okuhanjiswa kwe-optical optical signals athunyelwa yi-ODN network.Xa umjelo oyintloko uhluleka, unokutshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo kwelinye ishaneli ukuhambisa izibonakaliso ze-optical, kuquka i-fibers optical, i-OLTs, i-ONU, kunye ne-Primary and backup settings zokukhusela i-fiber transmission.
Iintsinga eziphambili kunye ne-standby transmission fibers zinokuba kwi-cable optical efanayo okanye kwiintambo ezahlukeneyo zamehlo.Iintambo ze-optical eziphambili kunye ne-backup zingafakwa kwiipayipi ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kokukhusela kube ngcono.
(4) Iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kwe-Optical ye-ODN
Iimpawu zoyilo lwe-ODN kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba nayiphi na inkonzo ekhoyo ngoku inokubonelelwa ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu, imfuno enempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu zamacandelo ahlukeneyo asebenzayo.Iimfuno ezinokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu ze-optical ze-ODN zilandelayo.
l Ukukhanya kwe-wavelength ebonakalayo: Amacandelo ahlukeneyo optical passive akufuneki achaphazele ukucaca kwesignali ye-optical transmitted.Isignali ye-optical efunwa yi-network optical eyenzelwe i-optical network kufuneka idluliselwe ngokucacileyo, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngezicelo zenkqubo ye-WDM yexesha elizayo.Isiseko.
l Ukuguqulwa kwakhona: Xa imveliso kunye negalelo lenethiwekhi ye-ODN itshintshisana, iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-ODN akufanele zitshintshe kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ukutshintshwa kwe-bandwidth yokudlulisa kunye neempawu zokulahleka kwe-optical kufuneka zibe ncinane.Oku kwenza uyilo lothungelwano lube lula.
l Ukuhambelana kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi: Inethiwekhi ye-ODN kufuneka igcine iimpawu ze-optical ezihambelanayo.Iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-ODN kufuneka zihambelane nayo yonke i-OFSAN kunye nenethiwekhi yonke yonxibelelwano.I-bandwidth yokudlulisa kunye neempawu zokulahleka kwe-optical kufuneka zilungele yonke i-OFSAN.
(5) Iiparamitha zentsebenzo ye-ODN
Iiparamitha ezimisela ukusebenza kokulahleka kweshaneli ye-optical yenkqubo yonke ikakhulu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
l Ilahleko yeshaneli ye-ODN ye-optical: umahluko phakathi kobuncinci bamandla okuhambisa kunye nowona aphezulu afumana ubuntununtunu.
l Ubuninzi belahleko yetshaneli evumelekileyo: umahluko phakathi kwamandla okuhambisa aphezulu kunye nowona aphezulu afumana ubuntununtunu.
l Ubuncinci ilahleko yesitishi evumelekileyo: umahluko phakathi kwamandla okuhambisa amancinci kunye nelona liphantsi lifumana ubuntununtunu (indawo yokulayisha ngaphezulu).
(6) Ukubonakaliswa kwe-ODN
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-ODN kuxhomekeke ekubuyiselweni kwelahleko yamacandelo ahlukeneyo enza i-ODN kunye nawaphi na amanqaku okubonisa kwi-channel optical.Ngokubanzi, zonke iinkcazo ezicacileyo kufuneka zibe ngcono kunoko−I-35 dB, kunye nomboniso ophezulu ocacileyo wofikelelo lwefiber kufuneka ube ngcono kunoko−50 dB.
4. IYunithi yeNethiwekhi yeOptical (ONU)
Iyunithi yenethiwekhi ye-optical network (ONU) ibekwe phakathi kwe-ODN kunye nesixhobo somsebenzisi, kwaye ibonelela nge-interface ye-optical interface phakathi komsebenzisi kunye ne-ODN kunye ne-interface yombane kunye necala lomsebenzisi ukuphumeza ukuphathwa kunye nokugcinwa kolawulo lweempawu ezahlukeneyo zombane.I-ONU yenziwe ngumaleko ongundoqo, umaleko wenkonzo, kunye nomgangatho woluntu.Umaleko wenkonzo ubhekisa ikakhulu kumazibuko abasebenzisi;umaleko ongundoqo ubonelela ngokuphindaphinda kunye nojongano lwe-optical;kunye nomgangatho woluntu ubonelela ngonikezelo lwamandla kunye nolawulo lolondolozo.
5. Imodi yesicelo se-PON
Ukucaca kweshishini le-PON kulungile, kwaye ngokomgaqo ungasetyenziswa kuwo nawuphi na umgangatho kunye nomqondiso wezinga.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-point-to-point optical networks esebenzayo, iteknoloji ye-PON ibonakaliswe ngokugcinwa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi (ukugcina i-fiber kunye ne-optical interfaces), i-bandwidth ephezulu yokuhanjiswa kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lexabiso lokusebenza.Ezi mpawu ziya kuyenza igcine inzuzo yokukhuphisana ixesha elide, kwaye i-PON isoloko ithathwa njengesikhokelo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwenethiwekhi yokufikelela.
Esona sicelo sifanelekileyo sePON yile: inxalenye yenethiwekhi yokufikelela kufutshane nesiphelo somthengi;umthengi wenkonzo ye-ONU akagxininisi imfuno yokungafuneki okanye ukhuseleko lokudlula;i-OLT inokusekwa kwi-node kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusinda (umzekelo, i-node enokukhusela okujikelezayo).Indawo apho abasebenzisi bagxile ngokwejografi.I-PON ineendlela ezintathu zokusetyenziswa.
(1) Buyisela indawo yothungelwano lwe-aggregation ye-two-layer ekhoyo: I-PON inokutshintsha i-Layer 2 ekhoyo yokutshintsha kunye ne-transceiver ebonakalayo, kwaye iqondise uthungelwano lokufikelela kwi-LAN kwinethiwekhi yendawo ye-IP, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso:
I-PON ithatha indawo yoNxibelelwano olukhoyo lwesi-2
(2) Faka indawo yekhebula lokufikelela kumhlathi ochaphazelekayo: Inkqubo ye-PON inokutshintsha indawo ekhoyo yentambo ye-optical kunye nesixhobo sokutshintsha i-optical switching, ngaloo ndlela igcina intambo yokufikelela yomhlathi ochaphazelekayo, njengoko kubonisiwe:
I-PON ithatha indawo yamacandelo afanelekileyo ukufikelela kwintambo yokubona
(3) Imodi yokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezininzi (ukuphumeza i-FTTH): Inkqubo ye-PON inokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezininzi kunye nofikelelo oluninzi oluhlangabezana neemfuno zeQoS ezahlukeneyo, kwaye luyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuhlukahluka kwabasebenzisi kunye nokungaqiniseki kophuhliso lweshishini, njengoko kubonisiwe lo mfanekiso ulandelayo:
Ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezininzi