1.Basic structure yePON
PON (Passive Optical Network)
PON is one-fiber bidirectional optical access network inoshandisa point-to-multipoint (P2MP) chimiro.Iyo PON system inoumbwa neoptical line terminal (OLT), optical distribution network (ODN), uye optical network unit (ONU) padivi revashandisi vehofisi yepakati, uye iine-fiber bidirectional system.Munzira yakadzika (OLT kuenda kuONU), chiratidzo chinotumirwa neOLT chinosvika pane imwe neimwe ONU kuburikidza neODN.Munzira yekumusoro (ONU kuenda kuOLT), chiratidzo chinotumirwa neONU chinongosvika paOLT uye hachizosvika kune mamwe maONU. .Kuitira kudzivirira kudhumhana kwedata uye kuvandudza mashandiro etiweki, iyo uplink direction inotora TDMA yakawanda yekuwana mode, uye inotarisira kutumira data kweONU yega yega.Iyo ODN inopa optical chiteshi pakati peOLT neONU.Chimiro chechirevo chePON chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa.
PON system reference chimiro
Iyo OLT iri padivi retiweki uye yakaiswa pahofisi yepakati.Inogona kunge iri L2 switch kana L3 router, ichipa network kutariswa uye kuwana, ichigonesa optical / yemagetsi kutendeuka, bandwidth kugoverwa, uye kutonga kwega yega chiteshi chekubatanidza, ine chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa uye manejimendi.Uye mabasa ekuchengetedza.Iyo ONU iri padivi remushandisi kuita kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa manejimendi emhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi masaini, uye inopa mushandisi-parutivi interface.Iyo OLT neONU zvakabatana nepassive optical splitter, uye optical splitter inoshandiswa kugovera downlink data uye aggregate uplink data.Pamusoro pemichina yekugumisira, iyo PON system haidi zvinhu zvemagetsi uye saka inongoita chete.
Iyo PON inotora tekinoroji yewavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ine downlink 1490 nm/uplink 1310 nm wavelength musanganiswa pane imwechete fiber.Iyo uplink kutungamira inzvimbo-ku-ku-point modhi, uye iyo downlink nzira inzira yekutepfenyura.Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza chimiro chePON.
Basic network chimiro chePON
Nekudzika kwakadzika, OLT inotumira data packet kune ese maONU nenzira yekutepfenyura, packet yega yega inotakura musoro une dhizaini kuenda kunzvimbo yeONU identifier.Kana iyo data packet yasvika paONU, iyo MAC layer yeONU inoita kero kugadzirisa, inobvisa data pakiti yeyayo, uye inorasa mamwe data packet.
Iyo uplink nzira inoshandisa tekinoroji yeTime Division Multiplexing (TDM), uye iyo uplink ruzivo rweakawanda ONUs inoumba TDM ruzivo rukova rwunoendeswa kuOLT.
2.Optical line terminal (OLT)
Iyo optical line terminal (OLT) inoshanda kupa iyo yekuona interface pakati pesevhisi network neODN, uye inopa nzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa masevhisi akasiyana.Iyo OLT inoumbwa nemukati mukati meiyo core layer, sevhisi layer, uye yeruzhinji layer.Iyo sevhisi layer inonyanya kupa masevhisi zviteshi uye inotsigira akawanda masevhisi;iyo yepakati layer inopa muchinjiko-kubatanidza, kuwanda, uye kutapurirana;uye iyo yeruzhinji layer inopa magetsi ekupa uye kugadzirisa manejimendi mabasa.
Kuvapo kweOLT kunogona kuderedza kubatana kwakasimba pakati peiyo yepamusoro-layer sevhisi network uye chaiyo interface, mutakuri, networking, uye maneja manejimendi emudziyo wekupinda, uye inogona kupa yakabatana yekuona network manejimendi manejimendi.
Iwo akakosha mabasa eOLT anosanganisira: aggregation yekugovera basa uye DN adaptation basa.
Iyo OLT sevhisi sevhisi mashandiro anosanganisira: sevhisi chiteshi basa, sevhisi yekuchinjisa dhizaini, interface yekusaina kusaina, uye sevhisi kuchengetedzwa.
Iwo OLT akajairika mabasa anonyanya kusanganisira OAM mabasa uye magetsi ekupa mabasa.
Simba rekuona rinoburitswa kubva kuOLT rinonyanya kudyiwa munzvimbo dzinotevera.
Splitter: Iyo yakakura nhamba yeshunts, yakakura kurasikirwa.
l Fiber: Iyo yakareba kureba, iyo yakakura kurasikirwa.
l ONU: Iyo yakakura nhamba, iyo yakakura iyo OLT yekufambisa simba inodiwa.Kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti simba rega rega rinosvika kuONU rakakwirira kudarika kunzwisiswa kwekugamuchira uye rine imwe muganhu, bhajeti inofanira kubva pahuwandu chaihwo uye kugoverwa kwenzvimbo.
3.Optical kugovera network
Iyo optical distribution network (ODN) inzira yekupa optical transmission pakati peOLT neONU.Basa rayo guru nderekupedzisa kufambiswa kwemashoko uye kugovera pakati peOLT neONU, uye kumisa nzira yekuguma-ku-kuguma yekufambisa mashoko pakati peONU neOLT.
Kugadziriswa kweODN kunowanzo ipoint-to-multipoint mode, kureva kuti, maONU akawanda akabatanidzwa kune OLT imwe kuburikidza neODN imwe, kuitira kuti maONU akawanda agone kugovera nzira yekufambisa maziso pakati peOLT neODN uye optoelectronic device yeOLT. .
(1) Kuumbwa kweODN
Zvikamu zvikuru zvinoumba iyo ODN ndezvi: single-mode fiber uye fiber optic tambo, zvibatanidza, passive optical splitters (OBD), passive optical attenuators, uye fiber optic connectors.
(2) Topological chimiro cheODN
Iyo topology yeODN network inowanzova point-to-multipoint chimiro, iyo inogona kukamurwa kuita nyeredzi, muti, bhazi, uye mhete.
ODN network chimiro
(3) Settings for active and standby protection
Iyo inoshanda / yekumira yekudzivirira yekumisikidza yeODN network inonyanya kumisikidza maviri optical transmission chiteshi kune optical masaini anofambiswa neODN network.Kana iyo yekutanga chiteshi ikatadza, inogona otomatiki kuchinjira kune imwe chiteshi kuendesa masaini masaini, anosanganisira optical fibers, OLTs, ONUs, uye Iwo ekutanga uye ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza masisitimu ekutapurirana fiber.
Iyo huru uye yekumira yekufambisa fibers inogona kunge iri mune imwechete optical tambo kana mune akasiyana optical tambo.Iyo huru uye backup tambo dzemaziso dzinogona kuiswa mumapaipi akasiyana, kuitira kuti mashandiro ekudzivirira ave nani.
(4) Optical transmission maitiro eODN
Madhizaini eODN anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti chero sevhisi inofanoona parizvino inogona kupihwa pasina shanduko huru, chinodiwa chine simba guru pahunhu hweakasiyana-siyana maficha.Izvo zvinodikanwa zvinogona kukanganisa zvakananga maitiro eOptical eODN ndeaya anotevera.
l Optical wavelength kujeka: Akasiyana-siyana optical passive zvikamu hazvifanirwe kukanganisa kujeka kweiyo inofambiswa optical chiratidzo.Chiratidzo chemaziso chinodiwa neyakagadzirirwa optical network inofanira kuendeswa pachena, nokudaro ichipa ramangwana reWDM system applications.Nheyo.
l Reversibility: Kana iyo yakabuda uye inopinza yeODN network inopindirana, maitiro ekutapurirana eODN network haafanire kuchinja zvakanyanya, ndiko kuti, shanduko yekufambisa bandwidth uye optical kurasikirwa maitiro kunofanirwa kuve kushoma.Izvi zvinorerutsa magadzirirwo etiweki.
l Kuenderana kwekuita kwetiweki: Iyo ODN network inofanirwa kuchengetedza inowirirana masaini masaini.Maitiro ekutapurirana eiyo ODN network anofanirwa kuenderana neOFSAN yese uye network yese yekutaurirana.Iyo yekufambisa bandwidth uye yekuona kurasikirwa maitiro anofanirwa kuve akakodzera iyo yese OFSAN.
(5) ODN performance parameters
Iwo ma paramita anotaridza iyo optical chiteshi kurasikirwa kuita kweiyo system yese zvakanyanya seinotevera.
l ODN optical chiteshi kurasikirwa: mutsauko pakati peiyo shoma yekufambisa simba uye yepamusoro inogamuchira kunzwa.
l Yakanyanya inotenderwa chiteshi kurasikirwa: mutsauko uripo pakati peiyo yakanyanya kufambisa simba uye yepamusoro-soro inogamuchira kunzwa.
l Yakaderera inotenderwa chiteshi kurasikirwa: mutsauko pakati peiyo shoma yekufambisa simba uye yakaderera inogamuchira senitivity (yakawandisa poindi).
(6) Kuratidzira kweODN
Kuratidzira kweODN kunoenderana nekurasikirwa kwekudzoka kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoumba iyo ODN uye chero zviratidziro pane optical chiteshi.Muzhinji, maratidziro ese akasarudzika anofanira kunge ari nani pane−35 dB, uye iyo yakanyanya discrete ratidziro yefiber yekuwana inofanira kunge iri nani kupfuura−50dB.
4. Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Iyo optical network unit (ONU) iri pakati peODN nemidziyo yemushandisi, uye inopa chinongedzo chekutarisa pakati pemushandisi neODN uye yemagetsi interface nedivi remushandisi kuita kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa manejimendi emhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi masaini.Iyo ONU inoumbwa neiyo core layer, service layer, uye yeruzhinji layer.Iyo sevhisi layer inonyanya kutaura kune vashandisi zviteshi;iyo core layer inopa multiplexing uye optical interfaces;uye iyo yeruzhinji layer inopa magetsi ekupa uye kugadzirisa manejimendi.
5. PON application mode
PON's bhizinesi pachena rakanaka, uye musimboti inogona kuiswa kune chero mwero uye chiyero chiratidzo.Kuenzaniswa ne-point-to-point active optical networks, teknolojia yePON inoratidzirwa nekugadzirisa nyore, kudhura kwakaderera (kuchengetedza fiber uye optical interfaces), yakakwirira yekufambisa bandwidth uye yakakwirira yemutengo wekutengesa mutengo.Aya maitiro achaita kuti ichengetedze mukana wekukwikwidza kwenguva yakareba, uye PON yagara ichionekwa seyamangwana rekusimudzira nzira yekuwana network.
Chikumbiro chakanyanya kukodzera chePON ndechekuti: chikamu chetiweki yekuwana padyo nekupera kwemutengi;mutengi webasa reONU haasimbise kudiwa kwekudzivirirwa kana kudzivirirwa;iyo OLT inogona kumisikidzwa pane node ine yakanaka yekupona kuita (semuenzaniso, node ine inotenderera inodzivirira).Nzvimbo iyo vashandisi vakatariswa nenzvimbo.PON inonyanya kuve nematatu ekushandisa modes.
(1) Tsiva iripo maviri-layer aggregation network: PON inogona kutsiva iripo Layer 2 switch uye optical transceiver, uye kutungamira network yekupinda yeLAN kune IP metropolitan area network, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo:
PON inotsiva iripo Layer 2 network
(2) Tsiva tambo yekupinda yendima yakakodzera: PON system inogona kutsiva iyo iripo chikamu cheiyo optical tambo uye optical switching michina, nekudaro kuchengetedza tambo yekupinda yendima yakakodzera, sezvakaratidzwa:
PON inotsiva zvikamu zvakakodzera kuti uwane optical cable
(3) Multi-service access mode (kuita FTTH): Iyo PON system inogona kupa akawanda-sevhisi uye akawanda-reti yekuwana iyo inosangana nemhando dzakasiyana dzeQoS zvinodiwa, uye inogona kuenderana nekusiyana kwevashandisi uye kusava nechokwadi kwekusimudzira bhizinesi, sezvakaratidzwa mu. mufananidzo unotevera:
Multi-service access