Zvakanakira zvefiber optic kutaurirana:
● Kukurukurirana kukuru
● Kureba relay kure
● Hapana kukanganiswa kwemagetsi
● Zviwanikwa zvakawanda
● Huremu huremu uye hukuru hudiki
Nhoroondo Pfupi yeOptical Communications
Anopfuura makore 2000 apfuura, iyo beacon-mwenje, semaphores
1880, optical foni-wireless optical kutaurirana
1970, fiber optic kutaurirana
● Muna 1966, "Baba veOptical Fiber", Dr. Gao Yong akatanga kuronga pfungwa ye optical fiber communication.
● Muna 1970, Lin Yanxiong weBell Yan Institute akanga ari laser semiconductor yaigona kushanda nguva dzose patembiricha.
● Muna 1970, Corning's Kapron yakaita kurasikirwa kwe20dB / km fiber.
● Muna 1977, mutsetse wekutanga weChicago wekutengesa we45Mb / s.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Kukurukurirana bhendi kupatsanurwa uye inoenderana kutapurirana midhiya
Refraction / kuratidzira uye kuratidzwa kwakazara kwechiedza
Nekuti chiedza chinofamba zvakasiyana muzvinhu zvakasiyana, kana chiedza chikaburitswa kubva pane chimwe chinhu kuenda pane chimwe, refraction uye ratidziro inoitika pakusangana pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi.Uyezve, kona yemwenje yakadzoserwa inosiyana nekona yechiedza chechiitiko.Kana kona yechiedza chechiitiko ichisvika kana kudarika imwe kona, mwenje wakadzoserwa unopera, uye chiedza chese chiitiko chinozoratidzwa kumashure.Uku ndiko kuratidzwa kuzere kwechiedza.Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvine makona ekudzokorodza akasiyana ehurefu hwakafanana hwechiedza (kureva kuti, zvinhu zvakasiyana zvine maindisi ekudzosa akasiyana), uye zvinhu zvakafanana zvine makona akasiyana erefraction kune akasiyana wavelengths echiedza.Optical fiber kutaurirana kunobva pamisimboti iri pamusoro.
Reflectivity distribution: Chiratidzo chakakosha chekucherechedza zvinhu zve optical ndiyo indekisi ye refractive, iyo inomiririrwa neN. Chiyero chekukurumidza kwechiedza C muvhavha kusvika kumhanya kwechiedza V mune zvinyorwa ndeye refractive index yezvinyorwa.
N = C/V
Iyo refractive index yequartz girazi ye optical fiber kutaurirana ndeye 1.5.
Fiber chimiro
Fiber bare fiber inowanzo patsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvitatu:
Yekutanga layer: iyo yepakati yakakwira refractive index girazi musimboti (musimboti dhayamita kazhinji 9-10μm, (single mode) 50 kana 62.5 (multimode).
Yechipiri layer: yepakati ndiyo yakaderera refractive index silica glass cladding (dhayamita inowanzosvika 125μm).
Chikamu chechitatu: iyo yekunze ndeye resin coating yekusimbisa.
1) musimboti: yakakwira refractive index, inoshandiswa kuendesa mwenje;
2) Kuvhara kupfekedza: yakaderera refractive index, ichigadzira chimiro chekuratidzira chakazara nechepakati;
3) Chidziviriro bhachi: Iine simba rakakwirira uye inogona kumira zvakakura zvinokanganisa kuchengetedza optical fiber.
3mm optical tambo: orenji, MM, akawanda-modhi;yero, SM, single-modhi
Fiber size
Iyo dhayamita yekunze inowanzoita 125um (avhareji 100um pabvudzi)
Mukati dhayamita: single mode 9um;multimode 50 / 62.5um
Numerical aperture
Haasi ese chiitiko chechiedza pamagumo echiso che optical fiber chinogona kuendeswa nefiber optical, asi chete chiitiko chiedza mukati meimwe siyana yemakona.Kona iyi inodaidzwa kuti manhamba aperture yefiber.Nzvimbo yakakura yenhamba yefiber optical inobatsira pakumisikidza kwefiber yemaziso.Vagadziri vakasiyana vane maapertures enhamba akasiyana.
Mhando yefiber
Zvinoenderana neiyo nzira yekufambisa yechiedza mune optical fiber, inogona kukamurwa kuita:
Multi-Mode (pfupiso: MM);Single-Mode (pfupiso: SM)
Multimode fiber: Iyo yepakati girazi musimboti wakakora (50 kana 62.5μm) uye inogona kufambisa mwenje mune dzakawanda modes.Nekudaro, yayo yepakati-modhi dispersion yakakura, iyo inodzikamisa kuwanda kwekutumira masaini edhijitari, uye inozonyanya kukomba nekuwedzera chinhambwe.Semuenzaniso: 600MB / KM faibha ine chete 300MB bandwidth pa2KM.Naizvozvo, kureba kwekufambisa kwema-multi-mode fiber ipfupi, kazhinji makiromita mashoma.
Single-mode fiber: Iyo yepakati girazi musimboti yakatetepa (yepakati dhayamita inowanzo 9 kana gumi.μm), uye inogona chete kuendesa mwenje mune imwe modhi.Muchokwadi, imhando yenhanho-mhando optical fiber, asi iyo dhayamita yepakati idiki kwazvo.Muchidzidzo, chete mwenje wakananga weimwe nzira yekuparadzira inotenderwa kupinda mufiber uye kuparadzira yakatwasuka mu fiber core.Iyo fiber pulse haina kutambanudza.Naizvozvo, kupararira kwayo kwepakati-modhi idiki uye yakakodzera kutaurirana kure, asi kupararira kwayo kwechromatic kunoita basa rakakura.Nenzira iyi, single-mode fiber ine yakakwirira zvinodiwa pahupamhi hwe spectral uye kugadzikana kwechiedza sosi, ndiko kuti, hupamhi hwekutarisa hwakatetepa uye kugadzikana kwakanaka..
Kusarudzwa kwe optical fibers
Nezvinhu:
Girazi fiber: Iyo yepakati uye yekupfeka inogadzirwa negirazi, ine kurasikirwa kudiki, kureba kwekutapurirana chinhambwe uye mutengo wakakwira;
Rubber-yakavharwa nesilicon optical fiber: musimboti igirazi uye cladding ipurasitiki, ine maitiro akafanana negirazi fiber uye yakaderera mutengo;
Plastic optical fiber: Zvese zviri pakati nepakati ipurasitiki, ine kurasikirwa kukuru, chinhambwe chekufambisa, uye mutengo wakaderera.Inonyanya kushandiswa midziyo yemumba, odhiyo, uye pfupi-chinhambwe chekufambisa mufananidzo.
Zvinoenderana neyakakwana yekufambisa frequency hwindo: yakajairwa single-modhi faibha uye dispersion-yakashandurwa imwe-modhi fiber.
Yakajairika mhando: Iyo optical fiber yekugadzira imba inogonesa iyo optical fiber transmission frequency pane imwechete wavelength yechiedza, senge 1300nm.
Dispersion-shifted type: Iyo fiber optics inogadzira inogonesa iyo fiber transmission frequency pane maviri wavelengths echiedza, senge: 1300nm uye 1550nm.
Shanduko yakangoerekana yachinja: Iyo refractive index yefiber core kune girazi cladding inongoerekana yavapo.Iine mutengo wakaderera uye yakakwira inter-mode dispersion.Inokodzera kupfupi-chinhambwe kudzika-kumhanya kutaurirana, sekutonga kwemaindasitiri.Nekudaro, imwe-modhi fiber inoshandisa shanduko yemhando nekuda kwediki inter-mode dispersion.
Gradient fiber: iyo refractive index ye fiber core kune girazi cladding inoderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, ichibvumira yakakwira-mode mwenje kupararira mune sinusoidal fomu, iyo inogona kuderedza kupararira pakati pemodhi, kuwedzera fiber bandwidth, uye kuwedzera kutapurirana kure, asi mutengo uripo. yepamusoro Mode fiber inonyanya graded fiber.
Common fiber specifications
Fiber size:
1) Single mode musimboti dhayamita: 9/125μm, 10 / 125μm
2) Outer cladding dhayamita (2D) = 125μm
3) Outer coating dhayamita = 250μm
4) Pigtail: mazana matatuμm
5) Multimode: 50 / 125μm, European standard;62.5 / 125μm, American standard
6) Maindasitiri, ekurapa uye akaderera-kumhanya network: 100/140μm, 200/230μm
7) Purasitiki: 98 / 1000μm, inoshandiswa kudzora mota
Fiber attenuation
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzeresa fiber attenuation ndezvi: mukati, kukotama, kusvinwa, kusvibiswa, kusaenzana uye butt.
Intrinsic: Ndiko kurasikirwa kwekuzvarwa kwefiber optical, kusanganisira: Rayleigh kupararira, kunyura kwemukati, nezvimwe.
Bend: Kana faibha yakakotama, chiedza chiri muchikamu chefiber chicharasika nekuda kwekupararira, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa.
Kusvina: kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekukotama zvishoma kwefiber kana yasvinwa.
Kusachena: Kusachena mufiber optical kunotora uye kuparadzira chiedza chinopfuudzwa mufayibha, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa.
Non-uniform: Kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekusaenzana refractive index ye fiber material.
Docking: Kurasikirwa kunogadzirwa panguva yefiber docking, senge: akasiyana-axes (single-mode fiber coaxiality inodikanwa isingasviki 0.8μm), iyo yekupedzisira kumeso haina perpendicular kune axis, iyo yekupedzisira kumeso haina kuenzana, iyo butt yepakati dhayamita haienderane, uye splicing mhando haina kunaka.
Mhando ye optical cable
1) Maererano nekuisa nzira: inozvitsigira pamusoro petambo dzemaziso, tambo dzepombi dzepombi, tambo dzehondo dzakavigwa maziso uye tambo dzepasi pemvura.
2) Maererano nekugadzirwa kwetambo yemaziso, kune: bundled tube optical cable, layer twisted optical cable, tight-hold optical cable, ribhoni optical cable, non-metal optical cable uye branchable optical cable.
3) Zvinoenderana nechinangwa: tambo dzemaziso ekutaurirana kure-kure, tambo dzekunze dzekunze dzechinhambwe, hybrid optical cables, uye tambo dzemaziso dzezvivakwa.
Kubatanidza uye kugumisa optical cables
Kubatana uye kugumiswa kwetambo dzemaziso ndidzo hunyanzvi hunyanzvi hunofanirwa kuitwa nevashandi vekugadzira tambo.
Kugadzika kwe optical fiber yekubatanidza tekinoroji:
1) Iyo yekubatanidza tekinoroji ye optical fiber uye yekubatanidza tekinoroji ye optical tambo zvikamu zviviri.
2) Kupera kwetambo ye optical yakafanana nekubatana kwetambo ye optical, kunze kwekuti kushanda kunofanira kunge kwakasiyana nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvekubatanidza zvinhu.
Mhando ye fiber connection
Fiber optic cable yekubatanidza inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri:
1) Yakagadziriswa yekubatanidza ye optical fiber (inowanzozivikanwa seyakafa yekubatanidza).Kazhinji shandisa optical fiber fusion splicer;inoshandiswa kune yakananga musoro we optical cable.
2) Iyo inoshanda yekubatanidza ye optical fiber (inowanzozivikanwa seye live connector).Shandisa zvibatanidza zvinobviswa (zvinowanzozivikanwa semajoini akasununguka).Kune fiber jumper, yekubatanidza michina, nezvimwe.
Nekuda kwekusakwana kwechiso chekupedzisira chefiber optical uye kusaenzana kwekumanikidza kumucheto kwechiso chefiber optical, iyo splice kurasikirwa kweiyo optical fiber nekubuda kumwe ichiri yakakura, uye yechipiri discharge fusion nzira. yave kushandiswa.Kutanga, preheat uye bvisa iyo yekupedzisira chiso chefiber, gadzira chiso chekupedzisira, bvisa guruva nemarara, uye ita kuguma kudzvinyirira kwefiber yunifomu nekutanga kupisa.
Monitoring nzira ye optical fiber yekubatanidza kurasikirwa
Pane nzira nhatu dzekutarisa kurasikirwa kwefiber yekubatanidza:
1. Tarisa pane splicer.
2. Kuongororwa kwechiedza chechiedza uye optical power mita.
3.OTDR kuyerwa nzira
Nzira yekushanda ye optical fiber connection
Optical fiber yekubatanidza mashandiro anowanzo kukamurwa kuita:
1. Kubata zviso zvefiber end.
2. Kubatanidza kuiswa kwe optical fiber.
3. Kubatanidza optical fiber.
4. Kudzivirirwa kwe optical fiber connectors.
5. Pane matanho mashanu efiber tray yasara.
Kazhinji, kubatana kweiyo yose optical tambo kunoitwa zvinoenderana nematanho anotevera:
Step1: yakawanda yakanaka kureba, vhura uye bvisa tambo yemaziso, bvisa tambo sheath
Nhanho yechipiri: Chenesa uye bvisa peturu yekuzadza peturu mune yekuona tambo.
Danho rechitatu: sunga fiber.
Danho rechina: Tarisa huwandu hwefiber cores, ita fiber pairing, uye tarisa kana iyo fiber mavara mavara echokwadi.
Danho 5: Simbisa hukama hwemoyo;
Nhanho yechitanhatu: Yakasiyana-siyana ebetsero mitsetse pairi, kusanganisira bhizinesi mitsara pairs, control line pairs, shielded ground lines, etc. (kana mitsara yataurwa pamusoro apa iripo.
Danho rechinomwe: Batanidza fiber.
Danho rechisere: Chengetedza optical fiber connector;
Nhanho 9: iyo inventory kuchengetedza kweiyo yasara fiber;
Nhanho 10: Pedzisa kubatana kweiyo optical cable jekete;
Nhanho 11: Dziviriro ye fiber optic yekubatanidza
Fiber kurasikirwa
1310 nm: 0.35 ~ 0.5 dB / Km
1550 nm: 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / Km
850 nm: 2.3 kusvika 3.4 dB / Km
Optical fiber fusion point kurasikirwa: 0.08dB / point
Fiber splicing point 1 point / 2km
Common fiber mazita
1) Attenuation
Attenuation: kurasikirwa kwesimba apo chiedza chinoparidzirwa mu optical fiber, single-mode fiber 1310nm 0.4 ~ 0.6dB / km, 1550nm 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / km;epurasitiki multimode faibha 300dB / km
2) Kupararira
Kupararira: Iyo bandwidth yemwenje pulses inowedzerwa mushure mekufamba imwe chinhambwe pamwe nefiber.Ndicho chinhu chikuru chinodzikamisa mwero wekutapurirana.
Inter-mode dispersion: Inoitika chete mumultimode fiber, nekuti nzira dzakasiyana dzemwenje dzinofamba munzira dzakasiyana.
Material dispersion: Masaisai akasiyana ekufamba kwechiedza nekumhanya kwakasiyana.
Waveguide dispersion: Izvi zvinoitika nekuti simba rechiedza rinofamba nekumhanya kwakasiyana zvishoma parinofamba nepakati nepakati.Mune imwe-mode fiber, zvakakosha zvikuru kushandura kupararira kwefiber nekushandura chimiro chemukati chefiber.
Fiber Type
G.652 zero dispersion point iri kutenderera 1300nm
G.653 zero dispersion point iri kutenderera 1550nm
G.654 negative dispersion fiber
G.655 dispersion-shifted fiber
Yakazara wave fiber
3) kuparadzira
Pamusana pekusakwana kwechimiro chechiedza chechiedza, kurasikirwa kwesimba rechiedza kunokonzerwa, uye kufambisa kwechiedza panguva ino hakusisina kunaka kwakananga.
Ruzivo rwekutanga rwefiber optic system
Nhanganyaya yezvivakwa uye mabasa eiyo basic fiber optic system:
1. Kutumira chikwata: inoshandura zviratidzo zvemagetsi muzviratidzo zvemaziso;
2. Transmission unit: svikiro rinotakura zviratidzo zvemaziso;
3. Kugamuchira chikwata: inogamuchira zviratidzo zvemaziso uye inoshandura kuva zviratidzo zvemagetsi;
4. Batanidza chigadziro: shandisa optical fiber kune chiedza chechiedza, chiedza chekucherechedza uye mamwe mafiber optical.
Common connector types
Connector end face type
Coupler
Basa guru nderokugovera zviratidzo zvemaziso.Akakosha maapplication ari mune optical fiber network, kunyanya munharaunda yenzvimbo network uye mune wavelength division multiplexing zvishandiso.
basic structure
Iyo coupler ibhidhirectional passive mudziyo.Mafomu akakosha muti nenyeredzi.Iyo coupler inofanana neinoparadzanisa.
WDM
WDM-Wavelength Division Multiplexer inotumira akawanda masaini masaini mune imwe optical fiber.Aya masaini masaini ane ma frequency akasiyana uye mavara akasiyana.Iyo WDM multiplexer ndeyekubatanidza akawanda optical masaini mune imwecheteyo optical fiber;iyo demultiplexing multiplexer ndeyekusiyanisa masaini akawanda emaziso kubva kune imwe optical fiber.
Wavelength Division Multiplexer (Nhoroondo)
Tsanangudzo yemapulses mumadhijitari masisitimu:
1. Amplitude: Kureba kwepulse kunomiririra simba remagetsi mufiber optic system.
2. Nguva yekusimudza: nguva inodiwa kuti pulse isimuke kubva ku10% kusvika ku90% yehukuru hwepamusoro.
3. Nguva yekudonha: nguva inodiwa kuti pulse iwire kubva ku90% kusvika ku10% yeamplitude.
4. Pulse width: The hupamhi hwepurusi panzvimbo ye50% amplitude, inoratidzwa munguva.
5. Cycle: pulse chaiyo nguva ndiyo nguva yekushanda inodiwa kupedza kutenderera.
6. Extinction ratio: Chiyero che 1 chiratidzo chechiedza chesimba kune 0 chiratidzo chechiedza simba.
Tsanangudzo yezvikamu zvakajairika mu optical fiber kutaurirana:
1.dB = 10 log10 (Pout / Pini)
Pout: simba rekubuda;Pini: simba rekuisa
2. dBm = 10 log10 (P / 1mw), iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muunyanzvi hwekukurukurirana;kazhinji inomiririra simba rekuona ne 1 milliwatt sereferensi;
muenzaniso:-10dBm zvinoreva kuti simba rekuona rakaenzana ne100uw.
3.dBu = 10 log10 (P / 1uw)