Amfanin sadarwar fiber optic:
● Babban ƙarfin sadarwa
● Nisa mai tsayi
● Babu tsangwama na lantarki
● Arziki masu wadata
● Ƙananan nauyi da ƙananan girma
Takaitaccen Tarihin Sadarwa Na gani
Fiye da shekaru 2000 da suka wuce, hasken wuta, semaphores
1880, sadarwa na gani mara waya mara waya
1970, sadarwar fiber optic
● A cikin 1966, "Uban Fiber Optical", Dokta Gao Yong ya fara ba da shawarar ra'ayin sadarwar fiber na gani.
● A cikin 1970, Lin Yanxiong na Cibiyar Bell Yan shine laser semiconductor wanda zai iya aiki akai-akai a yanayin zafi.
● A cikin 1970, Corning's Kapron ya yi asarar 20dB / km fiber.
● A cikin 1977, layin kasuwanci na farko na Chicago na 45Mb / s.
Electromagnetic bakan
Rarraba band ɗin sadarwa da kafofin watsa labarai masu dacewa
Tunani / tunani da jimillar hasken haske
Domin haske yana tafiya daban-daban a cikin abubuwa daban-daban, lokacin da haske ya fito daga wannan abu zuwa wani, refraction da tunani suna faruwa a mu'amala tsakanin abubuwan biyu.Bugu da ƙari, kusurwar hasken da aka cire ya bambanta tare da kusurwar hasken abin da ya faru.Lokacin da kusurwar hasken abin da ya faru ya kai ko ya wuce wani kusurwa, hasken da aka karkade zai ɓace, kuma duk hasken da ya faru za a sake haskakawa.Wannan shine jimillar hasken hasken.Kayayyaki daban-daban suna da kusurwoyi mabanbanta don tsawon zangon haske iri ɗaya (wato kayan daban-daban suna da fihirisa mabanbanta), sannan kayan iri ɗaya suna da kusurwoyi mabanbanta don mabanbantan raƙuman haske daban-daban.Sadarwar fiber na gani yana dogara ne akan ka'idodin da ke sama.
Rarraba ra'ayi: Wani muhimmin ma'auni don siffanta kayan kayan gani shine ma'anar refractive, wanda aka wakilta ta N. Matsakaicin saurin haske C a cikin injin da sauri zuwa saurin haske V a cikin kayan shine ma'anar refractive na kayan.
N = C / V
Ma'anar refractive na gilashin ma'adini don sadarwar fiber na gani yana kusan 1.5.
Tsarin fiber
Fiber bare fiber gabaɗaya an kasu kashi uku.
Layer na farko: Babban babban gilashin ginshiƙi na tsakiya (diamita na yau da kullun shine 9-10μm, (yanayin guda ɗaya) 50 ko 62.5 (multimode).
Layer na biyu: tsakiya shine ƙaramin gilashin silica mai ƙarancin haske (diamita shine gabaɗaya 125).μm).
Layer na uku: na waje shine rufin guduro don ƙarfafawa.
1) core: high refractive index, amfani da su watsa haske;
2) Rufe murfin: ƙananan ƙididdiga mai ƙima, samar da cikakkiyar yanayin tunani tare da ainihin;
3) Jaket ɗin kariya: Yana da babban ƙarfi kuma yana iya jure babban tasiri don kare fiber na gani.
3mm na gani na USB: orange, MM, Multi-yanayin;yellow, SM, guda-yanayin
Girman fiber
Diamita na waje gabaɗaya 125um (matsakaicin 100um kowace gashi)
Diamita na ciki: yanayin guda 9um;Multimode 50 / 62.5um
Buɗewar lamba
Ba duk abin da ya faru na haske a ƙarshen fuskar fiber na gani ba ne za a iya watsa shi ta hanyar fiber na gani, amma hasken da ya faru ne kawai a cikin kewayon kusurwoyi.Wannan kusurwa ana kiransa buɗewar lambobi na fiber.Babban buɗaɗɗen lambobi na fiber na gani yana da fa'ida don docking ɗin fiber na gani.Daban-daban masana'antun suna da daban-daban apertures na lamba.
Nau'in fiber
Dangane da yanayin watsa haske a cikin fiber na gani, ana iya raba shi zuwa:
Multi-Mode (taƙaice: MM);Yanayin Single (taƙaice: SM)
Multimode fiber: Gilashin tsakiya ya fi kauri (50 ko 62.5μm) kuma yana iya watsa haske ta hanyoyi da yawa.Koyaya, tarwatsewar yanayin yanayin sa yana da girma, wanda ke iyakance mitar watsa siginar dijital, kuma zai zama mai tsanani tare da haɓaka nesa.Misali: 600MB / KM fiber yana da bandwidth 300 kawai a 2KM.Saboda haka, nisan watsawa na fiber-mode fiber yana da ɗan gajeren gajere, gabaɗaya ƴan kilomita kaɗan ne.
Fiber-yanayin guda ɗaya: Gilashin tsakiya yana da ɗan ƙaramin bakin ciki (diamita na gaba shine 9 ko 10μm), kuma yana iya watsa haske a cikin yanayi ɗaya kawai.A gaskiya ma, wani nau'i ne na fiber na gani na mataki-mataki, amma ainihin diamita kadan ne.A cikin ka'idar, kawai hasken kai tsaye na hanyar yadawa guda ɗaya an yarda ya shiga cikin fiber kuma ya yada kai tsaye a cikin fiber core.Fiber bugun jini da kyar yake mikewa.Saboda haka, tarwatsawar yanayin tsakanin ƙananan ƙananan ne kuma ya dace da sadarwa mai nisa, amma watsawar chromatic yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.Ta wannan hanyar, fiber-mode fiber yana da mafi girman buƙatu don faɗin sikeli da kwanciyar hankali na tushen haske, wato, faɗin sikelin yana kunkuntar kuma kwanciyar hankali yana da kyau..
Rarraba fiber na gani
Ta abu:
Gilashin fiber: Mahimmanci da cladding an yi su ne da gilashi, tare da ƙananan hasara, nisa mai tsawo da tsada mai tsada;
Silicon na gani na siliki da aka rufe da roba: ainihin shine gilashin kuma cladding shine filastik, wanda ke da halaye iri ɗaya zuwa fiber gilashi da ƙananan farashi;
Fiber Tantancewar Filastik: Duka ainihin da abin rufewa filastik ne, tare da babban asara, gajeriyar watsawa, da ƙarancin farashi.Mafi yawa ana amfani dashi don kayan aikin gida, sauti, da watsa hoto na ɗan gajeren nesa.
Bisa ga mafi kyau duka watsa mitar taga: na al'ada guda-yanayin fiber da watsawa-mode guda-mode fiber.
Nau'in na al'ada: Gidan samar da fiber na gani yana haɓaka mitar watsa fiber na gani akan tsayin haske ɗaya, kamar 1300nm.
Nau'in tarwatsawa: Mai samar da fiber optics yana haɓaka mitar watsa fiber akan tsawon tsawon haske guda biyu, kamar: 1300nm da 1550nm.
Canjin ba zato: Ma'anar refractive na fiber core zuwa gilashin cladding ba zato ba tsammani.Yana da ƙananan farashi da rarrabuwar yanayi mai girma.Ya dace da sadarwar ɗan gajeren nesa, kamar sarrafa masana'antu.Duk da haka, fiber-mode fibre yana amfani da nau'in maye gurbi saboda ƙaramar rarrabuwar yanayi.
Fiber gradient: index refractive na fiber core zuwa gilashin cladding an rage hankali a hankali, kyale high-yanayin haske don yaduwa a cikin wani sinusoidal nau'i, wanda zai iya rage watsawa tsakanin halaye, ƙara fiber bandwidth, da kuma kara watsa nisa, amma kudin ne. mafi girma Mode fiber ne mafi yawa graded fiber.
Ƙididdigar fiber gama gari
Girman fiber:
1) Yanayin guda ɗaya diamita: 9/125μm, 10/125μm
2) Diamita mai rufi na waje (2D) = 125μm
3) Diamita na rufin waje = 250μm
4) Ciki: 300μm
5) Multimode: 50/125μm, daidaitattun Turai;62.5 / 125μm, Amurka misali
6) Cibiyoyin sadarwa na masana'antu, likitanci da ƙananan sauri: 100/140μm, 200/230μm
7) Filastik: 98/1000μm, ana amfani dashi don sarrafa mota
Fiber attenuation
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar fiber sune: intrinsic, lankwasawa, matsi, ƙazanta, rashin daidaituwa da gindi.
Intrinsic: Ita ce hasara ta asali na fiber na gani, gami da: watsawar Rayleigh, sha na ciki, da sauransu.
Lanƙwasa: Lokacin da fiber ɗin ya lanƙwasa, hasken da ke cikin ɓangaren fiber ɗin zai ɓace saboda watsawa, yana haifar da asara.
Matsewa: asarar da ke haifar da ɗan lanƙwasawa na fiber lokacin da aka matse shi.
Najasa: Najasa a cikin fiber na gani da kuma watsa hasken da ake watsawa a cikin fiber, yana haifar da asara.
Rashin Uniform: Asarar da rashin daidaituwar ma'anar kayan fiber ke haifarwa.
Docking: Asarar da aka samu yayin docking fiber, kamar: gatura daban-daban (Buƙatun fiber coaxiality na yanayin guda ɗaya bai wuce 0.8 ba.μm), fuskar ƙarshen ba ta kai tsaye ga axis, ƙarshen fuskar ba daidai ba ne, diamita na gindin gindi bai dace ba, kuma ingancin splicing ba shi da kyau.
Nau'in kebul na gani
1) Dangane da hanyoyin shimfidawa: kebul na gani na gani mai goyan bayan kai, kebul na gani na bututu, igiyoyin gani na gani da aka binne sulke da igiyoyi na gani na karkashin ruwa.
2) Dangane da tsarin na USB na gani, akwai: bundled tube Tantancewar na USB, Layer Twisted Tantancewar na USB, m rike Tantancewar na USB, ribbon Tantancewar na USB, mara karfe Tantancewar na USB da kuma reshe na gani na USB.
3) Dangane da manufar: igiyoyi na gani don sadarwa mai nisa, kebul na gani na waje don gajeren nesa, igiyoyi masu haɗaka, da igiyoyi na gani don gine-gine.
Haɗi da ƙarewar igiyoyin gani
Haɗin kai da ƙarewar igiyoyi na gani sune ainihin ƙwarewar da ma'aikatan kula da kebul ɗin dole ne su ƙware.
Rarraba fasahar haɗin fiber na gani:
1) Fasahar haɗin kai na fiber na gani da fasahar haɗin haɗin kebul na USB sune sassa biyu.
2) Ƙarshen kebul na gani yana kama da haɗin haɗin kebul na gani, sai dai cewa aikin ya kamata ya bambanta saboda nau'ikan kayan haɗi daban-daban.
Nau'in haɗin fiber
Haɗin kebul na fiber optic gabaɗaya ana iya kasu kashi biyu:
1) Kafaffen haɗin fiber na gani (wanda aka fi sani da matattu connector).Gabaɗaya yi amfani da splicer fusion fiber na gani;amfani da kai tsaye shugaban na gani na USB.
2) Mai haɗin fiber na gani (wanda aka fi sani da mai haɗawa mai rai).Yi amfani da haɗe-haɗe masu cirewa (wanda aka fi sani da sassan layi).Don jumper fiber, haɗin kayan aiki, da sauransu.
Saboda rashin cikar ƙarshen fuskar fiber na gani da rashin daidaituwa na matsin lamba akan ƙarshen fuskar fiber na gani, asarar ficewar fiber ɗin ta hanyar fitarwa ɗaya har yanzu yana da girma sosai, kuma hanyar haɗakarwa ta biyu. yanzu ana amfani dashi.Da farko, kafin zafi da fitar da ƙarshen fuskar fiber ɗin, siffata ƙarshen fuskar, cire ƙura da tarkace, kuma sanya ƙarshen matsi na fiber ɗin daidai ta hanyar preheating.
Hanyar kulawa don asarar haɗin fiber na gani
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don lura da asarar haɗin fiber:
1. Saka idanu akan splicer.
2. Kula da tushen haske da na'urar wutar lantarki.
Hanyar auna OTDR
Hanyar aiki na haɗin fiber na gani
Ayyukan haɗin fiber na gani gabaɗaya sun kasu zuwa:
1. Gudanar da fuskokin ƙarshen fiber.
2. Haɗin shigarwa na fiber na gani.
3. Slicing na Tantancewar fiber.
4. Kariya na masu haɗin fiber na gani.
5. Akwai matakai biyar don ragowar fiber tire.
Gabaɗaya, haɗin kebul na gani gabaɗaya ana yin shi bisa ga matakai masu zuwa:
Mataki na 1: tsayi mai yawa mai kyau, budewa da tube na USB na gani, cire suturar kebul
Mataki 2: Tsaftace kuma cire manna mai cike da man a cikin kebul na gani.
Mataki na 3: Haɗa fiber ɗin.
Mataki na 4: Bincika adadin nau'in fiber, yi haɗin fiber, kuma duba ko alamun launi na fiber daidai ne.
Mataki na 5: Ƙarfafa haɗin zuciya;
Mataki 6: nau'i-nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in sarrafawa).
Mataki na 7: Haɗa fiber ɗin.
Mataki 8: Kare mai haɗin fiber na gani;
Mataki na 9: ajiyar kaya na ragowar fiber;
Mataki na 10: Kammala haɗin haɗin jaket ɗin kebul na gani;
Mataki 11: Kariyar masu haɗin fiber optic
Rashin fiber
1310 nm: 0.35 ~ 0.5 dB / km
1550 nm: 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / km
850 nm: 2.3 zuwa 3.4 dB/km
Haɓaka madaidaicin fiber na gani: 0.08dB / aya
Fiber splicing point 1 point/2km
Common fiber nouns
1) Attenuation
Attenuation: asarar makamashi lokacin da aka watsar da haske a cikin fiber na gani, fiber guda ɗaya 1310nm 0.4 ~ 0.6dB / km, 1550nm 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / km;filastik multimode fiber 300dB / km
2) Watsewa
Watsawa: bandwidth na ƙwanƙwasa haske yana ƙaruwa bayan tafiya tazara tare da fiber.Shi ne babban abin da ke iyakance yawan watsawa.
Watsawa tsakanin yanayi: Yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin filaye masu yawa, saboda nau'ikan haske daban-daban suna tafiya ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Watsewar kayan abu: Tsawon raƙuman ruwa daban-daban na tafiya cikin sauri daban-daban.
Waveguide tarwatsewa: Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda ƙarfin haske yana tafiya da ɗan gudu daban-daban yayin da yake tafiya ta tsakiya da rufewa.A cikin nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya, yana da mahimmanci don canza tarwatsawar fiber ta hanyar canza tsarin ciki na fiber.
Nau'in Fiber
G.652 sifilin watsawa yana kusa da 1300nm
G.653 sifilin watsawa yana kusa da 1550nm
G.654 korau watsawa fiber
G.655 watsawa-canza fiber
Cikakken igiyar igiyar ruwa
3) watsawa
Saboda rashin cikakken tsari na asali na haske, ana haifar da asarar makamashin haske, kuma watsar haske a wannan lokacin ba shi da kyakkyawan shugabanci.
Ilimin asali na tsarin fiber optic
Gabatarwa ga gine-gine da ayyuka na ainihin tsarin fiber optic:
1. Ƙungiyar aikawa: yana canza siginar lantarki zuwa siginar gani;
2. Naúrar watsawa: matsakaicin ɗaukar siginar gani;
3. Naúrar karɓa: yana karɓar sigina na gani kuma ya canza su zuwa siginar lantarki;
4. Haɗa na'urar: haɗa fiber na gani zuwa tushen haske, gano haske da sauran fiber na gani.
Nau'in haɗin haɗin gwiwa gama gari
Nau'in fuskar ƙarshen haɗin haɗi
Ma'aurata
Babban aikin shine rarraba siginar gani.Muhimman aikace-aikace suna cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na fiber gani, musamman a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar yanki da na'urori masu yawa na tsawon tsayi.
tsari na asali
Ma'auratan na'ura ce mai ɗaure kai.Siffofin asali sune itace da tauraro.Ma'aurata sun dace da mai raba.
WDM
WDM-Rukunin Wavelength Multiplexer yana watsa siginar gani da yawa a cikin fiber na gani ɗaya.Waɗannan sigina na gani suna da mitoci daban-daban da launuka daban-daban.WDM multiplexer shine ya haɗa sigina na gani da yawa cikin fiber na gani ɗaya;the demultiplexing multiplexer shine ya bambanta siginar gani da yawa daga fiber na gani ɗaya.
Matsakaicin Rago Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Layi (Legend)
Ma'anar bugun jini a cikin tsarin dijital:
1. Amplitude: Tsawon bugun jini yana wakiltar ƙarfin ƙarfin gani a cikin tsarin fiber optic.
2. Lokacin tashi: lokacin da ake buƙata don bugun jini ya tashi daga 10% zuwa 90% na matsakaicin girman.
3. Lokacin faɗuwa: lokacin da ake buƙata don bugun bugun jini ya faɗi daga 90% zuwa 10% na amplitude.
4. Pulse nisa: Nisa na bugun jini a 50% amplitude matsayi, bayyana a lokaci.
5. Zagaye: takamaiman lokacin bugun jini shine lokacin aiki da ake buƙata don kammala zagayowar.
6. Ragewar ɓarna: Matsakaicin ƙarfin siginar siginar 1 zuwa wutar siginar 0.
Ma'anar raka'a gama gari a cikin sadarwar fiber na gani:
1.dB = 10 log10 (Pout / Pin)
Pout: ikon fitarwa;Pin: ikon shigarwa
2. dBm = 10 log10 (P / 1mw), wanda yanki ne da ake amfani da shi sosai wajen injiniyan sadarwa;yawanci yana wakiltar ikon gani tare da 1 milliwatt azaman tunani;
misali:-10dBm yana nufin cewa ƙarfin gani yana daidai da 100uw.
3.dBu = 10 log10 (P / 1uw)