"Network" ya zama "wajibi" ga yawancin mutanen zamani.
Dalilin da ya sa irin wannan zamanin da ya dace na hanyar sadarwa zai iya zuwa, "fasaharar sadarwa ta fiber-optic" za a iya cewa ba makawa.
A cikin 1966, dawa ta kasar Sin ta Burtaniya ta ba da shawarar manufar fiber na gani, wanda ya kunna kololuwar haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber gani a duk duniya.An sanya ƙarni na farko na tsarin hasken wutar lantarki da ke aiki a 0.8 μm a cikin 1978 a hukumance don amfani da kasuwanci, kuma ƙarni na biyu na hasken wutar lantarki. tsarin sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da fiber multimode a farkon kwanakin da aka gabatar da sauri a farkon 1980. A cikin 1990, tsarin raƙuman ruwa na zamani na uku wanda ke aiki a 2.4 Gb / s da 1.55 μm ya sami damar samar da sabis na sadarwa na kasuwanci.
"Uban fiber" dawa, wanda ya ba da gudummawar ci gaba ga "watsawar haske a cikin fiber don sadarwar gani," an ba shi kyautar Nobel ta 2009 a Physics.
Sadarwar fiber na gani a yanzu ta zama daya daga cikin manyan ginshikan sadarwa na zamani, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a hanyoyin sadarwar zamani.Ana kuma kallonta a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta sabon juyin-juya halin fasaha na duniya da kuma babbar hanyar isar da bayanai a cikin al'ummar bayanan da za su zo nan gaba.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasuwar aikace-aikacen manyan bayanai, ƙididdigar girgije, 5G, Intanet na Abubuwa da hankali na wucin gadi ya haɓaka cikin sauri.Kasuwancin aikace-aikacen da ba a sarrafa ba wanda ke zuwa yana kawo haɓakar fashewa ga zirga-zirgar bayanai.Haɗin gwiwar cibiyar bayanai a hankali ya haɓaka zuwa binciken sadarwa na gani.wuri mai zafi.
Ciki da babbar cibiyar bayanai ta Google
Cibiyar bayanai na yanzu ba ta zama guda ɗaya ko ƴan dakunan kwamfuta ba, amma saitin gungun cibiyoyin bayanai. Domin samun nasarar aikin yau da kullun na sabis na Intanet daban-daban da kasuwannin aikace-aikacen, cibiyoyin bayanai suna buƙatar yin aiki tare. Ainihin lokaci sannan gaggarumin mu’amalar bayanai tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai ya haifar da bukatuwar hanyoyin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa, kuma sadarwar fiber na gani ta zama hanyar da ta dace don cimma alaka.
Ba kamar kayan aikin watsa shirye-shiryen hanyar sadarwa ta al'ada ba, haɗin gwiwar cibiyar sadarwa yana buƙatar samun ƙarin bayani da ƙarin watsawa mai yawa, wanda ke buƙatar canza kayan aiki don samun saurin gudu, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da ƙarin ƙaramin ƙarfi.Daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke ƙayyade ko waɗannan damar zasu iya zama. abin da aka samu shine na'urar transceiver na gani.
Wasu ainihin ilimin game da na'urorin transceiver na gani
Cibiyar sadarwar bayanai galibi tana amfani da fiber na gani azaman hanyar watsawa, amma lissafin yanzu da bincike dole ne su kasance bisa siginonin lantarki, kuma na'urar transceiver na gani shine ainihin na'urar don gane canjin hoto.
Babban abubuwan da ke cikin na'urar ganiwa sune Transimitter (Haske Emitting Submodule)/Mai karɓa (Submodule mai karɓar Haske) ko Mai ɗaukar hoto (Module Transceiver Module), guntu na lantarki, kuma sun haɗa da abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da su kamar ruwan tabarau, masu rarrabawa, da masu haɗawa.Abubuwan da ke kewaye da kewaye.
A ƙarshen watsawa: Ana canza siginar lantarki zuwa siginar gani ta hanyar Transimitter, sannan shigar da fiber na gani ta hanyar adaftar gani; kuma ya zama siginar lantarki kuma a aika zuwa sashin kwamfuta don sarrafawa.
Module mai jujjuyawar gani
Tare da haɓaka fasahar haɗin kai na optoelectronic, nau'in marufi na ƙirar transceiver na gani shima ya sami wasu canje-canje.Kafin a kafa masana'antar na'urar gani da ido, manyan masana'antun kera kayan aikin sadarwa ne suka haɓaka ta a farkon zamanin.Abubuwan mu'amala sun bambanta kuma ba za a iya amfani da su gabaɗaya ba.Wannan ya sa na'urorin transceiver na gani ba su canzawa.Don ci gaban masana'antu, "Yarjejeniyar Multi Source (MSA)" ta ƙarshe ta kasance.Tare da ma'auni na MSA, kamfanonin da suka mai da hankali kansu kan haɓaka Transceiver sun fara fitowa, kuma masana'antar ta tashi.
Za a iya raba na'urar transceiver na gani zuwa SFP, XFP, QSFP, CFP, da dai sauransu bisa ga sigar kunshin:
SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin na'ura ne don aikace-aikacen telecom da datacom waɗanda ke goyan bayan ƙimar canja wurin 10Gbps.
XFP (10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable) wani ƙananan nau'i ne na 10G-rate small form factor pluggable transceiver module wanda ke goyan bayan ka'idojin sadarwa da yawa kamar 10G Ethernet, 10G Fiber Channel, da SONETOC-192.XFP transceivers za a iya amfani da su a cikin bayanan sadarwa da bayanai. kasuwannin sadarwa kuma suna ba da mafi kyawun halayen amfani da wutar lantarki fiye da sauran masu karɓar 10Gbps.
QSFP (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable) ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ma'auni ne mai haɗawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwar bayanai mai sauri.Dangane da saurin, ana iya raba QSFP zuwa 4 × 1G QSFP, 4 × 10GQSFP +, 4 × 25G QSFP28 na gani na gani.A halin yanzu an yi amfani da QSFP28 sosai a cibiyoyin bayanai na duniya.
CFP (Centum gigabits Form Pluggable) ya dogara ne akan daidaitaccen tsarin sadarwa mai tsaga igiyar igiyar ruwa tare da adadin watsawa na 100-400 Gbps.Girman tsarin CFP ya fi na SFP/XFP/QSFP girma, kuma ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don watsa nisa mai nisa kamar cibiyar sadarwar yankin birni.
Modul transceiver na gani don sadarwar cibiyar bayanai
Ana iya raba sadarwar cibiyar bayanai zuwa rukuni uku bisa ga nau'in haɗin kai:
(1) Cibiyar bayanai ga mai amfani ta haifar da halayen mai amfani na ƙarshe kamar bincika shafin yanar gizon, aikawa da karɓar imel da rafukan bidiyo ta hanyar samun dama ga girgije;
(2) Haɗin cibiyar bayanai, galibi ana amfani da su don kwafin bayanai, software da haɓaka tsarin;
(3) A cikin cibiyar bayanai, an fi amfani da ita don adana bayanai, tsarawa da hakar ma'adinai.Dangane da hasashen Cisco, cibiyar sadarwa ta cikin gida tana da fiye da kashi 70% na sadarwar cibiyar bayanai, kuma ci gaban ginin cibiyar bayanai ya haifar da haɓaka manyan na'urori masu saurin gani.
Hanyoyin zirga-zirgar bayanai na ci gaba da girma, kuma babban tsarin cibiyar bayanai yana haifar da haɓaka na'urorin gani ta fuskoki biyu:
· Ƙara yawan buƙatun watsawa
· Ƙara yawan buƙatu
A halin yanzu, buƙatun na'urori masu gani na cibiyar sadarwa na duniya sun canza daga 10 / 40G na'urorin gani na gani zuwa na'urorin gani na 100G. Alibaba Cloud Promotion na kasar Sin zai zama shekara ta farko na aikace-aikace mai girma na 100G a cikin 2018. Ana sa ran haɓakawa. 400G na gani na gani a cikin 2019.
Ali girgije module hanyar juyin halitta
Halin manyan cibiyoyin bayanai ya haifar da haɓaka buƙatun nesa na watsawa.Nisan watsawa na fibers multimode yana iyakance ta hanyar haɓakar siginar sigina kuma ana sa ran za a maye gurbinsu da sannu-sannu ta hanyar filaye guda ɗaya. Farashin haɗin fiber ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: na'urar gani da fiber na gani.Don nisa daban-daban, akwai hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su daban-daban. Don haɗin kai na matsakaici zuwa nesa mai nisa da ake buƙata don sadarwar cibiyar bayanai, akwai mafita na juyin juya hali guda biyu da aka haifa daga MSA:
PSM4 (Layin Layi Single Mode 4 hanyoyi)
CWDM4 (Maɗaukakin Wavelength Division Multiplexer 4 hanyoyi)
Daga cikin su, amfani da fiber na PSM4 shine sau hudu na CWDM4.Lokacin da nisan hanyar haɗin gwiwa ya yi tsawo, farashin maganin CWDM4 yana da ƙananan ƙananan.Daga teburin da ke ƙasa, za mu iya ganin kwatancen mafita na 100G na cibiyar bayanai:
A yau, fasahar aiwatarwa na 400G masu amfani da kayan aiki sun zama abin da ke mayar da hankali ga masana'antu. Babban aikin 400G na kayan aiki na kayan aiki shine inganta kayan aiki na bayanai da kuma kara yawan bandwidth da tashar tashar jiragen ruwa na cibiyar bayanai. Halin da ake ciki na gaba shine cimma nasara mai yawa. riba, ƙaramar amo, ƙarami da haɗin kai, don saduwa da buƙatun cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya na gaba da aikace-aikacen sadarwar cibiyar bayanai manya-manyan.
Na'urar gani ta farko ta 400G ta yi amfani da 16-tashar 25G NRZ (Non-Returnto Zero) hanyar daidaita siginar siginar siginar a cikin kunshin CFP8. Amfanin shi ne cewa fasahar siginar siginar 25G NRZ ta girma akan 100G na gani na gani za a iya aro, amma rashin amfani shine. cewa ana buƙatar watsa siginar 16 a cikin layi daya, kuma amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙararrawa suna da girma sosai, wanda bai dace da aikace-aikacen cibiyar bayanai ba. A cikin na'urar gani na 400G na yanzu, 8-tashar 53G NRZ ko 4-tashar 106G PAM4 (4 Pulse) Amplitude Modulation) ana amfani da siginar siginar galibi don gane watsa siginar 400G.
Dangane da marufi na module, OSFP ko QSFP-DD ana amfani da su, kuma duka fakitin na iya samar da musaya na siginar lantarki na 8. Idan aka kwatanta, kunshin QSFP-DD ya fi girma kuma ya fi dacewa da aikace-aikacen cibiyar bayanai;Kunshin OSFP ya ɗan fi girma a girman kuma yana cin ƙarin ƙarfi, yana sa ya fi dacewa da aikace-aikacen sadarwa.
Yi nazarin ikon "core" na 100G/400G na gani na gani
Mun ɗan gabatar da aiwatar da 100G da 400G na gani na gani.Ana iya ganin waɗannan masu zuwa a cikin zane-zane na 100G CWDM4 bayani, da 400G CWDM8 bayani da 400G CWDM4 bayani:
100G CWDM4 tsari
400G CWDM8 tsari
400G CWDM4 tsari
A cikin na'urar gani, maɓalli don gane canjin siginar hoto shine mai gano hoto.Don ƙarshe saduwa da waɗannan tsare-tsaren, wane nau'in buƙatun kuke buƙatar saduwa daga "ainihin"?
Maganin 100G CWDM4 yana buƙatar aiwatar da 4λx25GbE, 400G CWDM8 bayani yana buƙatar aiwatar da 8λx50GbE, kuma 400G CWDM4 bayani yana buƙatar aiwatar da 4λx100GbE. Daidai da hanyar daidaitawa, tsarin 100G CWDMG wanda ya dace da tsarin gyare-gyare na 100G CWDM4 da 400R. 25Gbd da na'urorin 53Gbd. Tsarin 400G CWDM4 yana ɗaukar tsarin daidaitawa na PAM4, wanda kuma yana buƙatar na'urar ta sami ƙimar daidaitawa na 53Gbd ko fiye.
Matsakaicin daidaitawar na'urar yayi daidai da bandwidth na na'urar.Don 1310nm band 100G na gani, mai gano bandwidth 25GHz InGaAs ko tsarar ganowa ya wadatar.