Ibipimo bya IPv4 byashyizweho mu mpera za za 70.Mu ntangiriro ya za 90, ikoreshwa rya WWW ryatumye iterambere rya interineti riturika.Hamwe nubwoko bugenda bugorana bwa porogaramu ya interineti no gutandukanya itumanaho, itangwa rya aderesi ya IP yigenga ku isi yatangiye guhura n’umuvuduko mwinshi.Muri ibi bidukikije, mu 1999, havutse amasezerano ya IPv6.
IPv6 ifite umwanya wa adresse igera kuri 128 bits, ishobora gukemura rwose ikibazo cya aderesi ya IPv4 idahagije.Kubera ko aderesi ya IPv4 ari binini ya biti 32, umubare wa aderesi ya IP ishobora guhagararirwa ni miliyari 232 = 42949,9672964, bityo kuri interineti hakaba hari aderesi zigera kuri miliyari 4.Nyuma yo kuzamura kuri 128-bit IPv6, aderesi ya IP kuri enterineti izaba ifite 2128 = 3.4 * 1038. Niba ubuso bwisi (harimo nubutaka namazi) bwuzuye mudasobwa, IPv6 yemerera aderesi ya IP 7 * 1023 kuri metero kare;niba igipimo cyo gutanga aderesi ari miliyoni 1 kuri microsecond, bizatwara imyaka 1019 kugirango utange adresse zose.
Imiterere ya paki ya IPv6
Ipaki ya IP v6 ifite 40-byte yumutwe wibanze (umutwe wibanze), nyuma yibyo hamwe na 0 cyangwa byinshi byongerewe umutwe (kwagura umutwe), hanyuma amakuru.Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana imiterere yibanze ya IPv6.Buri paki ya IPV 6 itangirana numutwe wibanze.Imirima myinshi mumutwe wibanze wa IPv6 irashobora guhuza neza nimirima muri IPv4.
(1) Umwanya wa verisiyo (verisiyo) ni ya 4 bits, isobanura verisiyo ya IP protocole.Kuri IPv6, umurima agaciro ni 0110, numubare wa 6.
.Ubwa mbere, IPv6 igabanya imigezi mubyiciro bibiri, bishobora kuba igenzura ryumubyigano kandi ntirigenzure.Buri cyiciro kigabanijwemo umunani wibanze.Ninini yibyingenzi byambere, nibyingenzi itsinda ni.Kubigenzurwa nubucucike, icyambere ni 0 ~ 7, kandi umuvuduko wo kohereza utwo dupapuro urashobora gutinda mugihe habaye ubwinshi.Kubishobora ntibishobora kugenzurwa numubyigano, icyambere ni 8 kugeza 15, arizo serivisi zigihe, nko kohereza serivisi zamajwi cyangwa amashusho.Igipimo cyo kohereza paki kuriyi serivisi gihoraho, nubwo paki zimwe zajugunywe, ntisubira inyuma.
(3) Ikimenyetso gitemba (Flow lable): Umurima ufite imyanya 20.Flow ni uruhererekane rwamakuru apakiye kuri enterineti kuva kurubuga rwihariye rugana kurubuga runaka (unicast cyangwa multicast).Amapaki yose yumugezi umwe afite ikirango kimwe.Inkomoko yinkomoko ihitamo ikirango gitemba hagati ya 224-1.Ikimenyetso cya 0 cyabitswe kugirango kigaragaze ibimenyetso bitemba bidakoreshwa.Guhitamo bisanzwe ibirango byamasoko ntangarugero ntabwo bivuguruzanya hagati ya mudasobwa.Kuberako router ikoresha guhuza adresse yinkomoko hamwe na label ya paki mugihe uhuza umugezi runaka na paki.
Ibipaki byose biva kumurongo winkomoko hamwe na label imwe itari zeru igomba kuba ifite adresse imwe hamwe na aderesi yerekanwe, umutwe umwe wa hop-by-hop umutwe (niba uyu mutwe ubaho) hamwe numutwe wo guhitamo inzira (niba uyu mutwe ibaho).Ibyiza byibi nuko iyo router itunganya paki, gusa reba ibirango bitemba utabanje kugenzura ikindi kintu mumutwe.Nta kirango gitemba gifite ubusobanuro bwihariye, kandi inkomoko yinkomoko igomba kwerekana uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya ishaka ko buri router ikora kumupaki yayo mumutwe wagutse.
.Ibi birerekana paketi ya IPv6 ishobora gufata 64 KB yamakuru.Kubera ko uburebure bwumutwe wa IPv6 bwakosowe, ntabwo ari ngombwa kwerekana uburebure bwuzuye bwipaki (igiteranyo cyumutwe nibice byamakuru) nkuko biri muri IPv4.
(5) Umutwe ukurikira (Umutwe ukurikira): 8 bits z'uburebure.Kumenya ubwoko bwo kwagura umutwe ukurikira umutwe wa IPv6.Uyu murima werekana ubwoko bwumutwe uhita ukurikira uwibanze.
.Inkomoko ya sitasiyo ishyiraho imipaka ntarengwa iyo buri paki yoherejwe.Iyo buri router yohereje paki, agaciro k'umurima wa hop- limit kagomba kugabanywa na 1. Mugihe agaciro ka hop Limit ari 0, paki igomba gutabwa.Ibi bihwanye nubuzima bwubuzima bwose mumutwe wa IPv4, ariko biroroshye kuruta igihe cyo kubara igihe muri IPv4.
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Imiterere yipaki ya IPv6 ni iya Shenzhen HDV Photoelectron Technology co., LTD., Igikorwa cya tekiniki ya software, Kandi isosiyete yahuje itsinda rikomeye rya software kubikoresho bijyanye nurusobe (nka: ACONU/ itumanahoONU/ umunyabwengeONU/ fibreONU/ XPONONU/ GPONONUn'ibindi).Kuri buri mukiriya uhitamo ibyifuzo byihariye abikeneye, reka kandi ibicuruzwa byacu birusheho kugira ubwenge kandi byateye imbere.