Iikhrayitheriya ze-IPv4 zachazwa ekupheleni koo-1970.Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ukusetyenziswa kweWWW kwakhokelela ekuphuhliseni uqhushumbo lwe-Intanethi.Ngeentlobo zezicelo ze-Intanethi eziya zisiba nzima kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwe-terminal, ubonelelo lweedilesi ze-IP ezizimeleyo zehlabathi sele luqalisile ukujongana noxinzelelo olukhulu.Kule meko, ngo-1999, isivumelwano se-IPv6 sazalwa.
IPv6 inendawo yedilesi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-128 bits, enokusombulula ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yokungonelanga kwedilesi ye-IPv4.Ekubeni idilesi ye-IPv4 yibhinari ye-32-bit, inani leedilesi ze-IP ezinokumelwa ngu-232 = 42949,9672964 billion, ngoko kukho malunga ne-4 yeebhiliyoni zeedilesi ze-IP kwi-Intanethi.Emva kokunyuselwa kwi-128-bit IPv6, iidilesi ze-IP kwi-Intanethi ngokwethiyori ziya kuba no-2128=3.4 * 1038. Ukuba umphezulu womhlaba (kuquka umhlaba namanzi) ugutyungelwe ziikhompyutha, i-IPv6 ivumela i-7 * 1023 iidilesi ze-IP ngemitha yesikwere;ukuba ireyithi yokwabiwa kweedilesi yi-1 yesigidi nge-microsecond nganye, kuya kuthatha iminyaka eyi-1019 ukwabela zonke iidilesi.
Ubume beepakethi ze-IPv6
Ipakethe ye-IP v6 ine-40-byte ye-header esisiseko (intloko yesiseko), emva koko kunye ne-0 okanye i-header eyandisiweyo (i-header eyandisiweyo), kunye nedatha.Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa ifomathi yeheader esisiseko ye-IPv6.Ipakethe nganye ye-IPV 6 iqala nge-header esisiseko.Amasimi amaninzi kwi-header esisiseko ye-IPv6 inokuhambelana ngqo namasimi kwi-IPv4.
(1) Intsimi ye-Version (uguqulelo) yeye-4 bits, echaza uguqulelo lweprotocol ye-IP.Kwi-IPv6, ixabiso lendawo ngu-0110, inani lokugqibela elingu-6.
(2) Uhlobo loNxibelelwano (Iklasi yeTrafikhi), le ntsimi ithatha iibhithi ezi-8, kubandakanywa nokubaluleka (okuphambili) intsimi ine-4 bit.Okokuqala, i-IPv6 yohlulahlula umjelo ube ziindidi ezimbini, ezinokuba lulawulo lwengxinano hayi ulawulo lokuxinana.Uluhlu ngalunye lwahlulwe lwaba ziiprayorithi ezisibhozo.Inkulu yexabiso eliphambili, kubaluleke ngakumbi iqela.Ukulawulwa kokuxinana, okuphambili ngu-0 ~ 7, kwaye izinga lothumelo lweepakethi ezinjalo linokuthotywa xa kuxinana.Kuba ayikwazi ukulawulwa yingxinano, eyona nto iphambili yi-8 ukuya kwi-15, ezo ziinkonzo zexesha lokwenyani, ezifana nokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo zeaudio okanye zevidiyo.Ireyithi yokuhanjiswa kwepakethi yale nkonzo ihlala ihlala njalo, nokuba ezinye iipakethi zilahliwe, aziphindi zithunyelwe.
(3) Uphawu lokuqukuqela (Ileyibhile ehambayo): Ibala lithatha amasuntswana angama-20.Ukuhamba luluhlu lweepakethi zedatha kwi-Intanethi ukusuka kwindawo ethile yomthombo ukuya kwindawo ethile (i-unicast okanye i-multicast).Zonke iipakethi zomsinga omnye zineleyibhile yomlambo efanayo.Isikhululo somthombo sikhetha ngokungakhethi ileyibhile phakathi kwamanqaku okuhamba angama-224-1.Inqaku lokuhamba elingu-0 ligcinelwe ukubonisa amanqaku angasetyenziswanga.Ukukhetha ngokungaqhelekanga iilebhile zomjelo ngesikhululo somthombo akungqubani phakathi kweekhompyuter.Ngenxa yokuba i-router isebenzisa ukudibanisa idilesi yomthombo kunye neleyibhile yokuhamba kwepakethi xa udibanisa umlambo othile kunye nepakethi.
Zonke iipakethi ezisuka kwisikhululo somthombo oneleyibhile yomlambo efanayo engeyiyo engu-zero kufuneka ibenedilesi yemvelaphi efanayo kunye nedilesi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, iheader yokhetho olufanayo lwe-hop-by-hop (ukuba lo mbhalo ukho) kunye nesihloko sokukhetha indlela efanayo (ukuba lo mbhalo wesihloko) ikhona).Inzuzo yale nto kukuba xa i-router iqhuba ipakethi, khangela nje ileyibhile yokuhamba ngaphandle kokujonga nantoni na enye kwi-header yepakethe.Akukho ileyibhile yokuqukuqela enentsingiselo ethile, kwaye isikhululo somthombo kufuneka sichaze inkqubo ekhethekileyo esifuna ukuba umzila ngamnye wenze kwipakethi yayo kwisihloko esongeziweyo.
(4) Ubude bomthwalo womnatha (Ubude boMlayisho): Ubude bommandla ziibhithi ezili-16, nto leyo ebonisa inani leebhayithi eziqulethwe kwipakethi ye-IPv6 ngaphandle kwesihloko ngokwaso.Oku kubonisa ukuba ipakethe ye-IPv6 inokubamba i-64 KB yedatha.Ekubeni ubude be-header ye-IPv6 bulungisiwe, akuyimfuneko ukucacisa ubude obupheleleyo bepakethi (isixa se-header kunye neengxenye zedatha) njengakwi-IPv4.
(5) Iheda elandelayo (isihloko esilandelayo): iibhithi ezisi-8 ubude.Ichonga uhlobo lokwandiswa kweheader elandela i-IPv6 header.Lo mhlaba ubonisa uhlobo lweheader ngokukhawuleza ilandela esisiseko.
(6)Umda we-hop (i-Hop limit):(ithatha iibhithi ezisi-8) ukunqanda iipakethi ekubeni zihlale kuthungelwano ngokungenasiphelo.Isikhululo somthombo siseta umda othile we-hop xa ipakethi nganye ithunyelwa.Xa i-router nganye ihambisa ipakethe, ixabiso lentsimi ye-hop-limi kufuneka lincitshiswe ngo-1. Xa ixabiso le-hop Limit ngu-0, ipakethi kufuneka ilahlwe.Oku kulingana nommandla wobomi bonke kwi-IPv4 header, kodwa ilula kunexesha lokubala lokuphumla kwi-IPv4.
(7) Idilesi ye-IP yomthombo (idilesi yomthombo): Lo mmandla uthatha iibhithi ezili-128 kwaye yidilesi ye-IP yesitishi sokuthumela sale pakethi.
(8) Idilesi ye-IP yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo (Idilesi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo): Lo mmandla uhlala kwiibhithi ze-128 kwaye yidilesi ye-IP yesitishi esifumanayo sale pakethi.
IPv6 ipakethe ifomathi yeyakwaShenzhen HDV Photoelectron Technology co., LTD., Umsebenzi wobugcisa besoftware, Kwaye inkampani ihlanganise iqela elinamandla lesoftware yezixhobo ezinxulumene nenethiwekhi (ezifana ne: ACI-ONU/ unxibelelwanoI-ONU/ okrelekreleI-ONU/ ifayibhaI-ONU/XPONI-ONU/GPONI-ONUnjl).Kuwo wonke umthengi ulungele iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ozifunayo, vumela iimveliso zethu ukuba zikrelekrele kwaye zihambele phambili.