Maitiro eIPv4 akaiswa mukupera kwema1970.Mukutanga kwema1990, kushandiswa kweWWW kwakatungamira mukukura kweInternet.Nekuwedzera kuoma kweInternet application marudzi uye kusiyanisa kweterminal, kupihwa kwepasirese yakazvimirira IP kero kwatanga kutarisana nekumanikidzwa kukuru.Munharaunda iyi, muna 1999, chibvumirano che IPv6 chakazvarwa.
IPv6 ine kero nzvimbo inosvika 128 bits, iyo inogona kugadzirisa zvachose dambudziko rekusakwana IPv4 kero.Sezvo IPv4 kero iri 32-bit binary, nhamba yeIP kero inogona kumiririrwa i232 = 42949,9672964 bhiriyoni, saka pane 4 bhiriyoni IP kero paInternet.Mushure mekusimudzira ku 128-bit IPv6, IP kero muInternet ichava ne theory ine 2128 = 3.4 * 1038. Kana nzvimbo yepasi (kusanganisira ivhu nemvura) yakafukidzwa nemakombiyuta, IPv6 inobvumira 7 * 1023 IP kero per square mita;kana chiyero chekugoverwa kwekero chiri 1 miriyoni pamicrosecond, zvinotora 1019 makore kugovera ese kero.
Mamiriro e IPv6 mapaketi
Iyo IP v6 packet ine 40-byte basic header (base header), mushure meiyo ine 0 kana kupfuura yakawedzera musoro (wedzero musoro), uyezve data.Nhamba inotevera inoratidza iyo yekutanga musoro fomati yeIPv6.Imwe neimwe IPV 6 packet inotanga neiyo yekutanga musoro.Minda mizhinji mumusoro weiyo IPv6 inogona kuenderana zvakananga neminda iri muIPv4.
(1) The Version (version) munda ndeye 4 bits, iyo inotsanangura shanduro ye IP protocol.Kune IPv6, kukosha kwemunda i0110, inova nhamba yechitanhatu.
(2) Kukurukurirana mhando (Traffic kirasi), munda uyu unotora 8 bits, kusanganisira iyo yekutanga (yekutanga) ndima ine 4 bit.Chekutanga, IPv6 inopatsanura rukova kuita mapoka maviri, anogona kunge ari kutonga kuungana uye kwete kutonga kwekusangana.Chikamu chega chega chakakamurwa kuita zvisere zvekutanga.Iyo yakakura yekukosha kwekutanga, iyo inonyanya kukosha boka.Kune congestion-controlled , iyo yekutanga ndeye 0 ~ 7, uye mwero wekutapurirana wemapaketi akadaro unogona kudzikiswa kana kusangana kwaitika.Kune iyo haigone kudzorwa kuungana, iyo yekutanga ndeye 8 kusvika 15, ari chaiwo-nguva masevhisi, sekufambisa kwemaodhiyo kana vhidhiyo masevhisi.Mwero wekutakura wepaketi yesevhisi iyi unogara uripo, kunyangwe mamwe mapaketi akadonhedzwa, haatumire zvakare.
(3) Flow mark (Flow lable): Munda unotora 20 bits.Kuyerera nhevedzano yemapakiti edata paInternet kubva kune yakatarwa sosi saiti kuenda kune yakananga saiti (unicast kana multicast).Mapaketi ese erukova rwumwechete ane rukova rwakafanana.Iyo sosi chiteshi inosarudza inoyerera label pakati pe224-1 kuyerera mamaki.Flow mark 0 yakachengetwa kuratidza kuyerera mamaki asina kushandiswa.Kusarudzika kusarudzwa kwemazita ekuyerera nekwakabva chiteshi hakupesani nemakomputa.Nekuti iyo router inoshandisa musanganiswa weiyo sosi kero uye inoyerera label yepakiti kana ichibatanidza imwe rwizi nepakiti.
Ese mapaketi anobva kuchiteshi chiteshi ane imwechete isiri zero rukova label anofanirwa kuve neayo kero kero nekero yekwainoenda, hop-by-hop yemusoro wesarudzo (kana musoro uripo) uye musoro wekusarudza nzira wakafanana (kana musoro uyu. iripo).Chakanakira izvi ndechekuti kana router ichiita pakiti, ingo tarisa iyo yekuyerera label pasina cheki chimwe chinhu mumusoro wepaketi.Hapana inoyerera label ine yakananga chirevo, uye chiteshi chiteshi chinofanira kutsanangudza iyo yakakosha kugadzirisa iyo yainoda kuti yega yega router iite papaketi yayo mumusoro wakawedzerwa.
(4) Hurefu hwemambure (Payload Length): Kureba kwemunda i16 bits, iyo inoratidza huwandu hwemabhaiti ari muIPv6 packet kunze kweiyo musoro pachayo.Izvi zvinoratidza IPv6 packet inogona kubata 64 KB yedata.Sezvo kureba kwemusoro weIPv6 kwakagadziriswa, hazvifanirwe kutsanangura hurefu hwese hwepaketi (huwandu hwemusoro uye zvikamu zve data) se IPv4.
(5) Musoro unotevera (Musoro unotevera): 8 bits pakureba.Inozivisa rudzi rwekuwedzera musoro uchitevera IPv6 musoro.Iyi ndima inotaridza mhando yemusoro nekukasika ichitevera yekutanga.
(6) Iyo hop muganho (Hop muganho): (inotora 8 bits) kudzivirira mapaketi kuti asarambe ari munetiweki nekusingaperi.Iyo sosi chiteshi inoisa imwe hop muganho kana paketi yega yega inotumirwa.Apo imwe neimwe router inoendesa mberi packet, kukosha kwemunda we hop-muganhu kunofanira kuderedzwa ne 1. Kana kukosha kwehop Limit iri 0, packet inofanira kuraswa.Izvi zvakaenzana nemunda wehupenyu hwese mumusoro weIPv4, asi zviri nyore kupfuura nguva yekuverenga muIPv4.
(7) Kunobva IP kero (Kunobva Kero): Iyi ndima inogara 128 bits uye ndiyo IP kero yekutumira chiteshi cheiyi packet.
(8) Kwekuenda IP kero (Yekuenda Kero): Iyi ndima inogara 128 bits uye ndiyo IP kero yechiteshi chekugamuchira ichi packet.
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