An tsara ma'auni na IPv4 a ƙarshen 1970s.A farkon shekarun 1990, aikace-aikacen WWW ya haifar da haɓakar fashewar Intanet.Tare da haɓaka nau'ikan aikace-aikacen Intanet masu rikitarwa da haɓakar tasha, samar da adiresoshin IP masu zaman kansu na duniya ya fara fuskantar matsin lamba.A cikin wannan yanayi, a cikin 1999, an haifi yarjejeniyar IPv6.
IPV6 yana da sararin adireshi har zuwa rago 128, wanda zai iya magance matsalar rashin isassun adireshin IPv4 gaba ɗaya.Tunda adireshin IPv4 shine binary 32-bit, adadin adiresoshin IP da za a iya wakilta shine 232 = 42949,9672964, don haka akwai adiresoshin IP kusan biliyan 4 akan Intanet.Bayan haɓakawa zuwa 128-bit IPv6, adiresoshin IP a Intanet za su kasance suna da 2128=3.4 * 1038. Idan sararin duniya (ciki har da ƙasa da ruwa) yana rufe da kwamfutoci, IPv6 yana ba da damar adireshin IP 7 * 1023 a kowace murabba'in mita;idan adadin adireshi ya kai miliyan 1 a cikin microsecond, zai ɗauki shekaru 1019 don sanya duk adiresoshin.
Tsarin fakitin IPv6
Fakitin IP v6 yana da madaidaicin kai mai 40-byte (bass header), bayan haka tare da 0 ko fiye da kai mai tsawo (mai taken tsawo), sannan bayanai.Hoto mai zuwa yana nuna ainihin tsarin kai na IPv6.Kowane fakitin IPV 6 yana farawa da ainihin kai.Yawancin filaye a cikin ainihin taken IPv6 na iya dacewa da filayen da ke cikin IPv4 kai tsaye.
(1) Filin Sigar (version) na 4 rago ne, wanda ke bayyana sigar ka'idar IP.Don IPv6, ƙimar filin shine 0110, wanda shine lamba goma sha shida.
(2) Nau'in sadarwa (Ajin zirga-zirga), wannan filin ya ƙunshi raƙuman ruwa 8, gami da fifiko (fifi) filin yana da 4 bit.Na farko, IPv6 ya raba rafi zuwa kashi biyu, wanda zai iya zama sarrafa cunkoso ba sarrafa cunkoso ba.Kowane rukuni ya kasu kashi takwas abubuwan fifiko.Mafi girman ƙimar fifiko, mafi mahimmancin ƙungiyar shine.Don sarrafa cunkoso, fifiko shine 0 ~ 7, kuma ana iya rage saurin watsa irin waɗannan fakiti lokacin da cunkoso ya faru.Don ba za a iya sarrafa cunkoso ba, fifiko shine 8 zuwa 15, waɗanda sabis ne na ainihin lokacin, kamar watsa ayyukan sauti ko bidiyo.Adadin watsa fakiti na wannan sabis ɗin koyaushe ne, ko da an sauke wasu fakiti, ba a sake aikawa ba.
(3) Alamar gudana (Flow Lable): Filin ya mamaye rago 20.Flow jerin fakitin bayanai ne akan Intanet daga takamaiman rukunin tushe zuwa takamaiman wurin makoma (unicast ko multicast).Duk fakiti na rafi ɗaya suna da lakabin rafi iri ɗaya.Tashar tushen ba da gangan ba ta zaɓi alamar kwarara tsakanin alamomin kwarara 224-1.An tanadar alamar kwarara 0 don nuna alamun kwarara ba a yi amfani da su ba.Zaɓin bazuwar alamun rafi ta tashar tushe baya cin karo tsakanin kwamfutoci.Domin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa yana amfani da haɗin haɗin adireshin tushen da alamar kwararar fakiti yayin haɗa wani rafi da fakiti.
Duk fakitin da suka samo asali daga tashar tushe tare da lakabin rafi maras sifili iri ɗaya dole ne su kasance suna da adireshin tushe iri ɗaya da adireshin inda aka nufa, zaɓin zaɓi na hop-by-hop iri ɗaya (idan wannan taken ya kasance) da kuma maɓallin zaɓi iri ɗaya (idan wannan taken. akwai).Amfanin wannan shine lokacin da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ke aiwatar da fakiti, kawai duba alamar kwarara ba tare da duba wani abu ba a cikin taken fakitin.Babu alamar kwarara da ke da takamaiman ma'ana, kuma tashar tushe yakamata ta ƙididdige aiki na musamman wanda yake son kowane mai amfani da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya yi akan fakitinsa a cikin babban taken
(4) Tsawon kayan masarufi (Length Payload): Tsawon filin shine bits 16, wanda ke nuna adadin bytes da ke cikin fakitin IPv6 sai dai kan kansa.Wannan yana nuna fakitin IPv6 na iya ɗaukar 64 KB na bayanai.Tun lokacin da aka kayyade tsawon taken IPv6, ba lallai ba ne a saka jimillar tsawon fakitin (jimlar taken da sassan bayanai) kamar yadda yake cikin IPv4.
(5) Babban kai na gaba (bani na gaba): 8 bits a tsayi.Gano nau'in faɗaɗa rubutun da ke bin taken IPv6.Wannan filin yana nuna nau'in rubutun kai tsaye da ke biye da ainihin.
(6) Iyakar hop (iyakar Hop): (ya mamaye 8 ragowa) don hana fakiti daga kasancewa a cikin hanyar sadarwar har abada.Tashar tushen tana saita ƙayyadaddun iyaka lokacin da aka aika kowace fakiti.Lokacin da kowane na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya tura fakitin, ƙimar filin don hop- iyaka ya kamata a rage ta 1. Lokacin da ƙimar hop Limit ta kasance 0, fakitin yakamata a jefar da shi.Wannan yayi daidai da filin rayuwa a cikin taken IPv4, amma ya fi sauƙi fiye da lokacin tazarar lissafi a cikin IPv4.
(7) Adireshin IP na tushen (Adireshin Tushen): Wannan filin yana ɗaukar bits 128 kuma shine adireshin IP na tashar aika wannan fakiti.
(8) Adireshin IP na Destination (Adresse Destination): Wannan filin yana ɗaukar bits 128 kuma shine adireshin IP na tashar karɓar wannan fakiti.
Tsarin fakitin IPv6 na Shenzhen HDV Photoelectron Technology co., LTD., aikin fasaha na software, kuma kamfanin ya haɗu da ƙungiyar software mai ƙarfi don kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa (kamar: AC).ONU/ sadarwaONU/ mai hankaliONU/ fiberONU/XPONONU/GPONONUda sauransu).Ga kowane abokin ciniki keɓance keɓancewar buƙatun waɗanda suke buƙata, kuma bari samfuranmu su zama masu hankali da ci gaba.