Masiku ano, intaneti ndi gawo lofunikira pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.Kunena zowona, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe timagwiritsira ntchito intaneti: imodzi ndi kudzera pa data ya foni yam'manja;ina, nthawi zambiri, ndi kudzera pa Broadband kunyumba kapena kuntchito.
Kuchokera kwa akatswiri, kupeza opanda zingwe ndi kupeza opanda zingwe.Ndi mawaya, ndi mawaya kupeza.
Mwachiwonekere, ntchito za data zam'manja ziyenera kukhala zopanda zingwe.Broadband kunyumba kapena kuntchito ndi waya.
Kufikira kwa mawaya kumatchedwanso "fixed network access" (network yokhazikika: network network).Kufikira kwa Broadband ndi IPTV zonse ndi "chingwe".
Zomwe ndikufuna kukudziwitsani lero ndikufikira kwa Broadband.
Mbiri yachitukuko cha intaneti ya Broadband
Tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi.
Kodi mukukumbukira pomwe mudayamba intaneti?
Nthawi yoyambirira kwambiri yoyambira kusewera pa intaneti inali ku koleji.M'chipinda chogona muli mzere wafoni.Mukafuna kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, lowetsani modemu khadi ya pakompyuta yanu, ndiyeno ikani Intaneti yoyimba pa kompyuta yanu.
Zokonda zikatha, yambani kuyimba.
Pambuyo pa "kusweka mtima", zikuwonetsa kuti kuyimba kwakhala kopambana, ndiko kulumikiza pa intaneti.
Kodi kuyimba kwa intaneti kumathamanga bwanji?56Kbps … Pambuyo pa phokoso la "Mtima Wosweka", zikuwonetsa kuti kuyimba kwayenda bwino, ndiko kuti, intaneti.
Kodi kuyimba kwa intaneti kumathamanga bwanji?56Kbps…
Inde, inu munawerenga izo molondola, izo zinali zochedwa kwambiri.Pachiyambi, malo athu ogona onse adadalira foni iyi kuti ayimbire ndikulumikizana ndi sukulu kuti asankhe maphunziro.Pa nthawiyo, chonde mverani nokha...
Komanso, ndi njira yoyambirira iyi, mutangoyimba intaneti, foni siyingalumikizidwe ndipo imakhala "yotanganidwa".Sizokhazo, mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumaperekedwa pamphindi ndi mphindi, monga kuyimba foni.Liwiro ndilochedwa kale.Kuwona ndalama zikuthamangira kungakupheni mwadzidzidzi.
Pambuyo pake, patapita zaka zingapo, ADSL inayamba kupezeka.Chida chofanana ndi chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwoneka, chotchedwa ADSL mphaka (Modemu), mzere wa foni umalumikizidwa ndi mphaka wa ADSL, ndiyeno mphaka wa ADSL umalumikizidwa ndi kompyuta kudzera pa chingwe cha netiweki.
Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito ADSL, liwiro la netiweki lasinthidwanso kwambiri, kuchokera ku 512Kbps mpaka 1Mbps, kenako mpaka 2Mbps.
Ngakhale kuti mtengowo udakali wotsika, ndi wothamanga kwambiri kuposa 56K.Zoyambira zopezera masamba ndi zosalala, ndipo macheza a QQ ndi othamanga, ndipo chidziwitso cha aliyense pa intaneti chawongoleredwa kwambiri.
ADSL iyi, yomwe ndi Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, ndi mtundu waukadaulo wa DSL.Tekinoloje ya DSL idapangidwa mu 1989 ndi Bell Communications Research Institute.
ADSL itawonekera koyamba, ndinali wofunitsitsa kudziwa.Inalinso foni yopyapyala, osati yokhotakhota ya netiweki.Chifukwa chiyani liwiro linabwera mwadzidzidzi?
Zinapezeka kuti foni yoyambirira, yomwe timakonda kuyimba foni, idangotenga gawo lotsika kwambiri la waya wamkuwa (gawo lomwe lili pansi pa 4KHz) ndipo silinazindikire kuthekera kwake konse.
Ukadaulo wa ADSL umagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency division multiplexing kuti ugawane chingwe cha foni wamba munjira zitatu zodziyimira pawokha za telefoni, uplink ndi downlink, zomwe sizimangopewa kusokoneza komanso zimawonjezera kuchuluka.
Makamaka, ADSL imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone) kugawa chingwe choyambirira cha foni kuchokera pa 4KHz kupita ku 1.1MHz frequency band kukhala ma subband 256 okhala ndi bandwidth ya 4.3125KHz.Pakati pawo, bandi yafupipafupi yomwe ili pansi pa 4KHz imagwiritsidwabe ntchito pofalitsa POTS (ntchito zamafoni zachikhalidwe), gulu la ma frequency kuchokera ku 20KHz kupita ku 138KHz limagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma siginecha a uplink, ndipo gulu la ma frequency kuchokera ku 138KHz kupita ku 1.1MHZ limagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka ma sign apansi.
Poyerekeza ndi njira yoyambirira, ADSL sikuti imangowonjezera liwiro, koma mtengo umatsikanso kwambiri.Mukapita pa intaneti, simufunikanso kuthamanga motsutsana ndi nthawi.Kuphatikiza apo, kuyimbirana pa intaneti ndi mafoni sikusemphananso, ndipo kumatha kuchitika nthawi imodzi.
Pambuyo pake, pamaziko a ADSL, ADSL2 ndi ADSL2 + adasinthidwa, ndipo mlingowo udafikira 20Mbps.
Kuphatikiza pa ADSL, wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema (kulumikizana kwa chingwe), mizere yodzipereka ya ISDN ndi njira zina zopezera intaneti zawonekera pozungulira ife.
Mawayilesi ndi wailesi yakanema, ndikukhulupirira kuti omwe adagwiritsa ntchito amasangalatsidwa.M'malo mwake, ndi njira yoperekera mwayi kwa burodibandi kudzera pa chingwe cha coaxial cha cable TV (CATV).
ISDN imayimira Integrated Services Digital Network.Mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo liwiro la netiweki silithamanga.
Mulimonsemo, ngakhale ADSL yachulukitsa kwambiri liwiro la intaneti, kuchuluka kwa mawaya amkuwa kumakhala kochepa.Choncho, m'pofunika mwamsanga kupeza njira ina.
Zotsatira zake, zida zowoneka bwino zidawonekera pozungulira ife, ndipo "nthawi yolumikizana ndi optical" idabwera.
Nthawi yolumikizana ndi Optical
Aliyense ayenera kuti anamva za "light advance copper retreat".Zomwe zimatchedwa "optical advance copper retreat" m'mawu odziwika, ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa mawaya amkuwa (mawaya afoni, zingwe za coaxial, mawiri opotoka) okhala ndi ulusi wowoneka bwino kuti akwaniritse kusintha kuchokera ku maukonde a chingwe chopapatiza kupita ku fiber-optic. ma network a Broadband.
Chifukwa cha izi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa liwiro, komanso chifukwa cha mtengo wake.
Ndi chitukuko cha nthawi, mtengo wazitsulo zamkuwa wakula kwambiri, pamene mitengo ya zingwe za optical fiber ndi optical transceiver modules yakhala ikuchepa chaka ndi chaka.Monga wothandizira, ndithudi ndimakonda zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito!
Chabwino, tiyeni tiwone chomwe fiber broadband iyi ndi.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe onse a network network network:
Pamwambapa pali ma netiweki a msana wa IP, omwe amangokhala ma netiweki apakati a woyendetsa.Netiweki yam'mbuyo imalumikizidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena.Ma network am'mbuyo a ogwira ntchito osiyanasiyana amapanga msana wa intaneti.
Kuphatikiza apo, imalumikizidwanso ndi maukonde ena othandizira, monga netiweki ya PSTN (telefoni network) ndi netiweki ya IPTV, yopatsa ogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Pansi pa network ya msana wa dziko, ndi gawo la msana wa zigawo.Kumbali ina pansi ndi Metropolitan Area Network.Monga dzina likunenera, ndi njira yolumikizirana mkati mwa mzindawu.
MAN imagawidwa m'magawo atatu: core layer, convergence layer, ndi access layer.
Gawo lofikira ndilo gawo lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri ndi kasitomala wathu.Gawo ili la netiweki yofikira limatchedwanso network network.Choyang'ana komanso zovuta za "light advance copper retreat" zagona panjira iyi.
Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa fiber ndi PON.
PON ndi Passive Optical Network, network passive Optical network.
Kodi kungokhala chete ndi chiyani?
“Magwero” amenewa akutanthauza gwero la mphamvu, gwero la mphamvu, ndi gwero la mphamvu.
Kunena momveka bwino, chipangizo chamagetsi chopanda "gwero" loterolo chimatchedwa chipangizo chongokhala.Kuti zikhale zosavuta, mumaneti ongokhala, zomwe mumapereka ndi zomwe muli nazo, palibe gwero lamphamvu loti muwonetsere kapena kutembenuza.
Poyerekeza ndi network yogwira ntchito, mwayi waukulu wa passive optical network ndikuti umachepetsa kulephera.Zigawo zogwira ntchito zimakhala zosavuta kulephera.
Mapangidwe a network a PON ali motere:
PON ili ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
OLT (Optical Line Terminal)
Kumbali imodzi, zikwangwani zonyamula mautumiki osiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa ku ofesi yapakati, ndikutumizidwa ku netiweki yofikira molingana ndi mtundu wina wa chizindikiro kuti utumizidwe kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.Kumbali inayi, zizindikiro zochokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito mapeto zimatumizidwa ku mautumiki osiyanasiyana a utumiki malinga ndi mtundu wa utumiki.mu.
POS (Passive Optical splitter)
Izi ndizosavuta kumvetsetsa, ndiko kugawa deta ya downlink ndikuphatikiza deta ya uplink.
ONU (Optical Network Unit) / ONT (Optical Network Terminal)
Chipangizo chomwe chili pafupi kwambiri ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.Anthu ambiri sangathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa ONU ndi ONT.M'malo mwake, kusiyanitsa kosavuta ndikuti ONT ndi mtundu wa ONU.ONT ili ndi doko limodzi lokha ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito munthu m'modzi.ONU imapereka ogwiritsa ntchito angapo.Mphaka wowala m'banja mwathu ndi ONT.
PON imagwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, yomwe kwenikweni imagawaniza ma frequency multiplexing, wavelength × frequency = liwiro la kuwala) kuti akwaniritse mauthenga amtundu umodzi wa fiber bidirectional ndi kumtunda kwa 1310nm ndi kutsika kwamtunda kwa 1490nm.
PON ili ndi zabwino zambiri monga bandwidth yayikulu, kuchita bwino kwambiri, kuphimba kwakukulu, komanso mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito olemera.Pakali pano ndi teknoloji yotchuka kwambiri ya Optical access.
Malinga ndi zomwe wanyamula, PON imagawidwa m'mitundu iyi:
- ATM-based Passive Optical Network (APON)
- Ethernet (EPON) yochokera ku Ethernet passive optical network (EPON)
- Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) yochokera ku GFP (General Framing Procedure)
Ndipotu, simuyenera kukumbukira zambiri.Komabe, kumbukirani kuti GPON ndi yabwino komanso yabwino kwambiri.Tsopano ogwira ntchito onse akuluakulu akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti apange GPON.
Graphical fiber-optic njira yofikira pa intaneti
Pambuyo polankhula kwa nthawi yayitali, aliyense akhoza kumva chizungulire pang'ono, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito zochitika zenizeni ndi zithunzi kuti tifotokoze.
Timayambira pa IP backbone network, kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, mmodzimmodzi.
Choyamba, zomwe zimatchedwa intaneti ndikukondwera ndi mautumiki operekedwa ndi opereka chithandizo cha intaneti.Mwachitsanzo, gwiritsani ntchito ntchito ya WeChat yoperekedwa ndi Tencent, Taobao yoperekedwa ndi Ali, ndi makanema operekedwa ndi Youku.
Ntchitozi zimatengera ma seva amakampani omwe ali mu data center.
Ngati ili malo opangira deta, padzakhala mizere yolumikizira kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito osiyanasiyana.Kupyolera mu mizere iyi, gwirizanitsani ndi netiweki yapadziko lonse ya IP ya woyendetsa.
Kenako ma network a msana wa dziko amalumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya msana wa zigawo.Provincial backbone network, ndiyeno kulumikizana ndi network ya Metropolitan Area ya mzindawo.Pambuyo potumiza izi kudzera pa netiweki yonyamula, pamapeto pake adafika pa netiweki yofikira.Ndiye PON yathu.
Mukafika pa PON, sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kupeza OLT.
OLT imayang'anira malo enaake, nyumba kapena malo okhalamo.Izi zimachokera ku chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.M'malo okhala anthu ochuluka ngati nyumba zamaofesi kapena masukulu, zitha kuyikidwanso mkati mwanyumbayo.
Zingwe zowoneka bwino zochokera ku zida za OLT zimalumikizidwa ku nyumba zosiyanasiyana zogona mderali kudzera pazitsulo za ODF ndi mabokosi operekera zinthu.
M'nyumba yogonamo elv bwino, amakhala ndi bokosi lapampopi lopepuka, mkati mwa phala la mtengo.
Optical splitter amatha kugawa CHIKWANGWANI m'njira zingapo molingana ndi chiyerekezo cha 1:16 kapena 1:32, kuphimba ogwiritsa ntchito pansi molingana (kapena pansi zingapo).
Ulusi wa kuwala kuchokera ku splitter umalowa m'nyumba za anthu okhalamo.
Fiber ikalowa, imalumikizidwa ndi bokosi lofooka lomwe lili m'nyumba.
Padzakhala "mphaka wowala" mu bokosi la low-voltage.Mphaka wowoneka bwino uyu, monga tanenera kale, kwenikweni ndi ONT, chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito cha fiber fiber.
Gawo lotsatira ndilodziwika bwino kwa aliyense, banja lililonse lidzagula rauta yopanda zingwe (ndiko kuti, Wi-Fi rauta).Kudzera rauta, polumikiza mphaka kuwala kuti oyimba, ndi kusintha kuwala CHIKWANGWANI network siginecha mu nyumba yanu opanda zingwe netiweki siginecha, kuti mafoni, makompyuta, iPads ndi zipangizo zina kupeza Intaneti.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi njira yofikira kwambiri yolumikizira fiber fiber.
Aliyense anazindikira kuti mu nkhani pamwamba, kuwala CHIKWANGWANI chikugwirizana mwachindunji kunyumba, amatchedwa FTTH (Fiber Kunyumba).
Komabe, m'madera ambiri akale, zipangizo zopezera maukonde sikokwanira kukwaniritsa zikhalidwe za FTTH.Ngati ulusi sungathe kufika kunyumba, FTTB kapena FTTC idzatengedwa.
FTTB: Fiber Kunyumba
FTTC: Fiber to Curb
Kutenga FTTB mwachitsanzo, pamene kuwala kwa kuwala kochokera ku OLT kumadutsa mu ODF optical distribution frame ndi splitter, ikafika m'nyumbayi, imalowa mwachindunji mu ONU mu chipinda chofooka cha nyumbayo.
ONU ili ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera.Mwachidule, ndikusintha njira ya optical fiber kukhala njira ya ADSL, njira ya POTS, ndi njira ya LAN.
