Nhasi, Internet chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.Kutaura zvazviri, pane nzira mbiri huru dzatinoshandisa Indaneti: imwe iri kuburikidza nesevhisi yedata yefoni;imwe, kazhinji, iri kuburikidza nebroadband kumba kana kubasa.
Kubva pakuona kwenyanzvi, kupinda kusina wireless iwireless access.Newaya, iwaya kupinda.
Zviripachena, mobile data masevhisi anofanirwa kunge asina waya.Broadband kumba kana kubasa ine waya.
Wired access inowanzonzi "fixed network access" (fixed network: fixed phone network).Broadband kupinda uye IPTV kuwana zvese "tambo."
Chandinoda kusuma nhasi ndeye Broadband access.
Nhoroondo yekuvandudza yeBroadband Internet yekuwana
Ngatitange kubva pakutanga.
Uchiri kurangarira pawakatanga online?
Nguva yekutanga yekutanga kusefa paInternet yaive kukoreji.Pane mutsara werunhare muimba yekurara.Kana wada kupinda paInternet, batanidza modem card yekombuta yako, wobva waisa dial-up Internet pakombuta yako.
Mushure mekunge zvigadziriso zvapera, tanga kufona.
Mushure me "creak of heartbreak", inoratidza kuti kufona kwakabudirira, ndiko kubatana neInternet.
Ndeipi kukurumidza kwekudaira-kusvika paInternet?56Kbps ... Mushure meruzha rwe "Heartbroken Heart", zvinoratidza kuti kufona kwabudirira, ndiko kuti, kubatana kweInternet.
Ndeipi kukurumidza kwekudaira-kusvika paInternet?56Kbps…
Hongu, iwe wakaverenga izvo, zvakanonoka.Pakutanga, dormitory yedu yese yaivimba nefoni iyi kufona uye kubatana nehurongwa hwechikoro kusarudza makosi.Panguva iyoyo, ndapota uzvinzwire iwe pachako...
Uyezve, neiyi nzira yepakutanga, kana iwe uchinge wafonera Indaneti, foni haigoni kubatanidzwa uye iri mu "busy" mamiriro.Kwete izvozvo chete, mutengo wacho unodhura zvakanyanya, uye kuwanikwa kweInternet kunobhadhariswa paminiti neminiti, sekufona.Sipidhi yatononoka.Kuona mari ichimhanya-mhanya kunogona kukuuraya kamwe kamwe.
Gare gare, mushure memakore mashoma, ADSL yakatanga kuwanikwa.Gadget yakaita semufananidzo unotevera inooneka, inonzi ADSL cat (Modem), mutsara wefoni unobatanidzwa mukati ADSL cat, uye ipapo katsi yeADSL yakabatanidzwa kune kombiyuta kuburikidza netambo yetiweki.
Mushure mekushandisa ADSL, kumhanya kwetiweki kwakagadziridzwawo zvakanyanya, kubva pa512Kbps kuenda ku1Mbps, uyezve kusvika 2Mbps.
Kunyangwe muyero uchiri wakaderera, unokurumidza kupfuura 56K.Izvo zvakakosha zvekuwana mapeji ewebhu zvakatsiga, uye iyo QQ chat inokurumidza, uye ruzivo rweInternet rwemunhu wese rwakavandudzwa zvakanyanya.
Iyi ADSL, inova Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, imhando yeDSL tekinoroji.DSL tekinoroji yakagadzirwa muna 1989 neBell Communications Research Institute.
Apo ADSL yakatanga kuoneka, ndakada kuziva.Yaivewo tambo yenhare mbozha, isiri tambo yakamonyoroka yenetwork.Sei speed yakauya kamwe kamwe?
Zvakazoitika kuti tambo yefoni yepakutanga, yataishandisa kufona, yakangotora yakaderera-frequency chikamu chewaya yemhangura (chikamu chiri pazasi 4KHz) uye haina kunyatsoona kugona kwayo kuzere.
Iyo ADSL tekinoroji inoshandisa frequency division multiplexing kupatsanura tambo dzenhare dzakajairwa kuita matatu akazvimirira nzira dzenhare, uplink uye downlink, izvo zvisingadzivise kupindira chete asiwo zvinowedzera mwero.
Kunyanya, ADSL inoshandisa tekinoroji yeDMT (Discrete Multi-Tone) kupatsanura tambo yepakutanga kubva ku4KHz kuenda ku1.1MHz frequency bhendi kuita 256 subbands ine bandwidth ye4.3125KHz.Pakati pavo, iyo frequency bhendi pazasi 4KHz ichiri kushandiswa kufambisa POTS (chinyakare nhare sevhisi), iyo frequency bhendi kubva pa20KHz kuenda ku138KHz inoshandiswa kufambisa masaini ekumusoro, uye frequency bhendi kubva ku138KHz kuenda ku1.1MHZ inoshandiswa kufambisa masaini ekudzikisa.
Kuenzaniswa nenzira yepakutanga, ADSL haisi kungowedzera zvakanyanya kumhanya, asi mutengo unodonhawo zvakanyanya.Paunenge uchienda online, iwe hauchadi kukwikwidzana nenguva.Uyezve, Indaneti uye mafoni haachapesani, uye anogona kuitwa panguva imwe chete.
Gare gare, pahwaro hweADSL, ADSL2 uye ADSL2 + dzakakwidziridzwa, uye mwero wakambosvika 20Mbps.
Pamusoro peADSL, redhiyo uye terevhizheni Broadband (tambo yekukurukurirana), ISDN yakatsaurirwa mitsara uye dzimwe nzira dzekuwana Internet dzakaonekwa dzakatikomberedza.
Radhiyo neterevhizheni Broadband, ndinotenda kuti avo vakaishandisa vanofadzwa.Muchokwadi, inzira yekupa Broadband kuwana kuburikidza necoaxial tambo yetambo terevhizheni (CATV).
ISDN inomirira Integrated Services Digital Network.Mutengo wacho wakakwira zvakanyanya, uye kumhanya kwetiweki hakusi kukurumidza.
Chero zvazvingaitika, kunyangwe ADSL yakawedzera zvakanyanya kumhanya kwetiweki, mwero wekufambiswa kwewaya dzemhangura unopedzisira wagumirwa.Saka, zvinokurumidza kutsvaga imwe nzira.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, mafiber optical akaonekwa akatitenderedza, uye "optical communication era" yakauya.
Optical communication era
Wese munhu anofanira kunge akanzwa nezve "light advance copper retreat".Iyo inonzi "optical advance copper retreat" ndeye, mumashoko akakurumbira, kudzoreredzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwewaya dzemhangura (tambo dzenhare, coaxial tambo, dzakamonyoroka peya) ine optical fibers kuti uwane shanduko kubva kune yakamanikana-bhendi copper tambo network kuenda kune fiber-optic. Broadband network.
Chikonzero cheizvi chikamu nekuda kwekuda kwekukurumidza kuwedzera, uye pamwe nekuda kwemutengo.
Nekuvandudzwa kwemazuva, mutengo wesimbi yemhangura wakawedzera zvakanyanya, nepo mitengo ye optical fiber cables uye optical transceiver modules yave ichiderera gore negore.Semunhu anoshanda, hongu ini ndinoda zvakachipa uye zviri nyore kushandisa!
Zvakanaka, ngatitarisei kuti iyi fiber Broadband chii.
Kutanga, ngatitarisei chimiro chese cheiyo opareta's network network:
Kumusoro kune IP backbone network, inova iyo yepakati network yeanoshanda.Iyo backbone network yakabatana kune vamwe vashandisi.Iyo yemusana network yevashandisi vakasiyana inoumba musana weInternet.
Zvakare, yakabatana kune mamwe masevhisi masevhisi, akadai sePSTN network (nharembozha) uye IPTV network, ichipa vashandisi masevhisi akasiyana.
Pasi penyika yemusana network, ipurovhinzi musana network.Kuwedzera pasi kune Metropolitan Area Network.Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, inzira yekutaurirana mukati meguta.
Iyo MAN yakakamurwa kuita matatu: iyo core layer, convergence layer, uye yekupinda layer.
The access layer ndiyo layer iri padyo nemutengi wedu.Ichi chikamu chekuwana network chinodaidzwawo kuti access network.Kutarisisa uye kuomerwa kwe "light advance copper retreat" iri mune iyi yekupinda layer.
Parizvino, tekinoroji yefiber yakawanda yekuwana iPON.
PON iPassive Optical Network, inongomira yekuona network.
Chii chinonzi passive?
“Manyuko” aya anoreva chitubu chesimba, chitubu chesimba, uye chitubu chesimba.
Kuti zvive pachena, mudziyo wemagetsi usina "tsime" rakadaro unonzi passive device.Kuita kuti zvive nyore, mune inongoita network, izvo zvaunopa ndizvo zvaunazvo, hapana sosi yesimba yekuswededza mukati kana kushandura.
Kuenzaniswa neanoshanda optical network, iyo yakakura mukana we passive optical network ndeyekuti inoderedza kutadza chiyero.Active components zvinonyanya kutarisana nekukundikana pfungwa.
Iyo network yekuvaka yePON ndeiyi inotevera:
PON inoumbwa nezvikamu zvinotevera:
OLT (Optical Line Terminal)
Kune rimwe divi, zvikwangwani zvinotakura masevhisi akasiyana-siyana zvakaunganidzwa pahofisi yepakati, uye zvinotumirwa kune network yekuwana zvinoenderana neimwe nzira yechiratidzo yekutapurirana kumushandisi wekupedzisira.Kune rimwe divi, masaini kubva kumushandisi wekupedzisira anotumirwa kune akasiyana masevhisi network zvinoenderana nerudzi rwesevhisi.mu.
POS (passive optical splitter)
Izvi zviri nyore kunzwisisa, ndiko kugovera downlink data uye aggregate uplink data.
ONU (Optical Network Unit) / ONT (Optical Network Terminal)
Mudziyo uri pedyo nemushandisi.Vanhu vazhinji havagone kusiyanisa pakati peONU neONT.Muchokwadi, musiyano uri nyore ndewekuti ONT imhando yeONU.ONT ine chiteshi chimwe chete uye inoshandisa mushandisi mumwechete.ONU inoshandisa vashandisi vakawanda.Katsi yakareruka mumhuri yedu ndeye ONT.
PON inoshandisa WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, inova chaizvoizvo frequency division multiplexing, wavelength × frequency = speed of light) tekinoroji yekuwana imwe-fiber bidirectional transmission ine kumusoro kwerwizi wavelength ye1310nm uye yakadzika yavelength ye1490nm.
PON ine akawanda mabhenefiti akadai seyepamusoro bandwidth, kushanda zvakanaka kwepamusoro, kufukidzwa kukuru, uye hupfumi hwemushandisi nzvimbo.Parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa tekinoroji yekuwana tekinoroji.
Zvinoenderana nezviri mutakuri, PON inonyanya kukamurwa kuva anotevera marudzi:
- ATM-based Passive Optical Network (APON)
- Ethernet (EPON) yakavakirwa Ethernet passive optical network (EPON)
- Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) yakavakirwa paGFP (General Framing Procedure)
Kutaura zvazviri, haufaniri kuyeuka zvakawanda.Zvakadaro, rangarira kuti GPON ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka uye yakanyanya kunaka.Iye zvino vese vashandisi vakuru vari kushanda nesimba kugadzira GPON.
Graphical fiber-optic Internet yekuwana maitiro
Mushure mekutaura kwenguva yakareba, munhu wese anogona kunzwa dzungu, ngatishandisei zviitiko chaizvo nemifananidzo kuzvienzanisira.
Isu tinotanga kubva kuIP backbone network, kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, imwe neimwe.
Chekutanga, iyo inonzi Internet yekuwana ndeyekunakidzwa nerubatsiro rwunopihwa netiweki masevhisi.Semuenzaniso, shandisa WeChat sevhisi yakapihwa naTencent, Taobao sevhisi yakapihwa naAli, uye vhidhiyo sevhisi inopiwa naYouku.
Aya masevhisi akavakirwa pamasevhisi emabhizinesi ari munzvimbo yedata.
Kana iri bhizinesi data centre, pachave nemitsara yekubatanidza kubva kune vakasiyana vanoshanda.Kuburikidza nemitsetse iyi, batanidza kune yenyika IP backbone network yeanoshanda.
Iyo national backbone network inobva yabatanidzwa kune provincial backbone network.Provincial backbone network, wozobatanidza kune metropolitan area network yeguta.Mushure meiyi kumberi kuburikidza nebearer network, yakazosvika kune network yekuwana.Ndiyo PON yedu.
Mushure mekusvika paPON, danho rekutanga kuwana OLT.
Iyo OLT ine basa reimwe nzvimbo, chivakwa kana nzvimbo yekugara.Izvi zvinoenderana nehuwandu uye saizi yevashandisi.Kune nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda sezvivakwa zvehofisi kana zvikoro, inogonawo kuiswa mukati mechivako.
Iwo optical fibers kubva kumidziyo yeOLT yakabatana kune dzakasiyana siyana zvivakwa zvekugara munharaunda kuburikidza neODF racks uye optical ekutumira mabhokisi.
Muimba yekugara elv tsime, inowanzova nechiedza chepombi bhokisi, mukati meiyo danda rekuparadzanisa.
Iyo optical splitter inogona kupatsanura faibha kuita akawanda chiteshi zvinoenderana nereshiyo ye1:16 kana 1:32, inovhara vashandisi pane inowirirana pasi (kana akawanda pasi).
Iyo optical fibers kubva kune splitter inopinda mudzimba dzevagari.
Mushure mekunge fiber yapinda, ichabatanidzwa kune bhokisi risina simba razvino mumba.
Pachave ne "light cat" mu low-voltage box.Iyi katsi yemaziso, sezvambotaurwa, iONT, passive optical fiber mushandisi yekushandisa.
Chikamu chinotevera chinozivikanwa kune wese wese, mhuri yese ichatenga isina waya router (kureva, Wi-Fi router).Kuburikidza nerouter, batanidza optical katsi kuti udaye, uye shandura iyo optical fiber network siginecha kuti ive isina waya yeimba yako, kuitira kuti nharembozha, makomputa, iPads uye zvimwe midziyo iwane Internet.
Izvo zviri pamusoro ndiyo yakajairika yefiber fiber Broadband yekuwana nzira.
Wese munhu akaona kuti mune iri pamusoro apa, iyo optical fiber yakabatana zvakananga kumba, iyi inonzi FTTH (Fiber Kumba Kumba).
Nekudaro, kune dzakawanda nharaunda dzekare, yekutanga network michina haina kukwana kuzadzisa mamiriro eFTTH.Kana iyo fiber isingakwanise kusvika kumba, FTTB kana FTTC inotorwa.
FTTB: Fiber Kuchivakwa
FTTC: Fiber To The Curb
Kutora FTTB semuenzaniso, apo iyo optical fiber kubva kuOLT inopfuura neODF optical distribution frame uye splitter, kana ichisvika muchivako, inopinda zvakananga muONU muimba yezvino isina simba yeimba.
ONU ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekuwana.Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ndeye kushandura nzira yeoptical fiber kuita ADSL nzira, nzira yePOTS, uye nzira yeLAN.
