Raws li peb txhua tus paub, kev lag luam thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav ntau qhov kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 2018, thiab yuav muaj ntau yam tshwm sim hauv 2019, uas tau tos ntev heev.Inphi tus thawj coj thev naus laus zis, Dr. Radha Nagarajan, ntseeg tias qhov chaw siab ceev cov ntaub ntawv sib cuam tshuam. (DCI) kev ua lag luam, yog ib feem ntawm kev lag luam thev naus laus zis, kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv hauv 2019. Nov yog peb yam uas nws xav tias yuav tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv xyoo no.
1.Lub geographic decomposition ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam yuav ua ntau dua
Cov ntaub ntawv chaw noj yuav tsum muaj ntau qhov chaw txhawb nqa lub cev, suav nrog kev tsim kho vaj tse xws li lub zog thiab cua txias.Data center geo-decomposition yuav dhau los ua ntau dua thiab nyuaj rau kev tsim cov chaw loj, txuas ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv loj.Decomposition yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv nroog loj. thaj chaw uas av nqi siab.Loj bandwidth interconnects yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv chaw zov me nyuam.
DCI-Campus:Cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv no feem ntau txuas ua ke, piv txwv li hauv ib puag ncig hauv tsev kawm ntawv.Qhov kev ncua deb feem ntau yog txwv rau ntawm 2 thiab 5 kilometers.Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm qhov muaj fiber ntau, kuj tseem muaj qhov sib tshooj ntawm CWDM thiab DWDM txuas ntawm cov kev ncua deb no.
DCI-Edge:Hom kev sib txuas no sib txawv ntawm 2 km mus rau 120 km.Cov kev sib txuas no feem ntau txuas nrog cov chaw faib cov ntaub ntawv hauv cheeb tsam thiab feem ntau raug txwv rau latency constraints.DCI optical technology xaiv muaj xws li kev tshawb nrhiav ncaj qha thiab sib koom ua ke, ob qho tib si yog siv los ntawm DWDM. Cov hom kis tau tus mob hauv fiber ntau-optic C-band (192 THz rau 196 THz qhov rais).Qhov kev kuaj pom ncaj qha cov qauv yog amplitude modulated, muaj cov txheej txheem tshawb pom yooj yim dua, siv hluav taws xob qis, tus nqi qis, thiab yuav tsum tau them nyiaj sab nraud dispersion nyob rau hauv feem ntau. 100 Gbps, 4-theem pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), hom kev kuaj pom ncaj qha yog ib txoj kev siv nyiaj zoo rau DCI-Edge daim ntawv thov.PAM4 modulation hom muaj ob zaug lub peev xwm ntawm cov tsoos tsis rov qab-rau-zero (NRZ) modulation format.Rau tiam tom ntej ntawm 400-Gbps (ib wavelength) DCI systems, 60-Gbaud, 16-QAM coherent hom yog tus thawj sib tw.
DCI-Metro/Long Haul:Cov pawg no ntawm fiber ntau dhau ntawm DCI-Edge, nrog rau hauv av txuas mus txog 3,000 mais thiab ntev hiav txwv pem teb.Ib coherent modulation hom yog siv rau qeb no thiab hom modulation yuav txawv rau txawv deb.Cov coherent modulation hom ntawv Nws tseem yog amplitude thiab theem modulated, yuav tsum muaj lub zos oscillator lasers rau kev tshawb nrhiav, yuav tsum tau complex cov teeb liab ua, siv zog ntau, muaj ib tug ntev ntau yam, thiab yog kim tshaj li qhov ncaj qha nrhiav tau los yog NRZ txoj kev.
2.Cov ntaub ntawv chaw yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho
Cov kev sib txuas loj loj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv cov chaw zov me nyuam. Nrog rau qhov no hauv siab, DCI-Campus, DCI-Edge thiab DCI-Metro/Long Haul cov chaw cov ntaub ntawv yuav txuas ntxiv mus. Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv DWDM ib txwm muaj.Qhov kev loj hlob bandwidth yuav tsum tau ntawm huab kev pabcuam (CSPs) uas muab software-as-a-service (SaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS) thiab infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) muaj peev xwm yog tsav cov tshuab kho qhov muag sib txawv rau kev sib txuas CSP cov ntaub ntawv chaw network Txheej txheej hloov pauv thiab routers.Hnub no, qhov no yuav tsum tau khiav ntawm 100 Gbps.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw, direct-connected tooj liab (DAC) cabling, active optical cable (AOC) los yog 100G "grey" optics yuav siv tau.Rau kev sib txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw chaw (tsev kawm ntawv los yog ntug/metro daim ntaub ntawv), tsuas yog kev xaiv uas muaj tsuas yog tsis ntev los no tau muaj yog ib qho kev ua tiav, kev sib koom ua ke-raws li rov ua raws li txoj hauv kev uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Nrog rau kev hloov mus rau 100G ecosystem, cov ntaub ntawv chaw network architecture tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov qauv ntaub ntawv ntau dua qub.Tag nrho cov chaw cov ntaub ntawv no nyob hauv ib qho loj.“loj data center”Feem ntau CSPs tau raug fused mus rau ib cheeb tsam sib faib ua ke kom ua tiav qhov ntsuas qhov xav tau thiab muab cov kev pabcuam huab muaj ntau heev.
Cov chaw hauv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog nyob ze rau thaj chaw hauv nroog nrog cov neeg coob coob los muab cov kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws (nrog kev ncua sijhawm thiab muaj) mus rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg uas nyob ze rau cov cheeb tsam no.Cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv me ntsis ntawm CSPs, tab sis muaj cov kev pabcuam hauv cheeb tsam "qhov rooj" los yog “hubs”.Cov “gateways” lossis “hubs” txuas nrog CSP qhov chaw dav dav network (WAN) qaum (thiab cov chaw ntug uas yuav siv tau rau cov phooj ywg-rau-peer, cov ntsiab lus hauv zos thauj lossis submarine thauj).Cov “ Cov rooj vag" lossis "hubs" txuas nrog CSP qhov chaw dav dav network (WAN) qaum (thiab cov chaw ntug uas yuav siv tau rau cov phooj ywg-rau-peer, cov ntsiab lus hauv zos thauj lossis submarine thauj).Vim thaj tsam yuav tsum tau nthuav dav, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau cov chaw ntxiv thiab txuas lawv mus rau lub rooj vag hauv cheeb tsam.Qhov no tso cai rau kev nthuav dav sai thiab kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw piv rau tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv loj tshiab thiab siv sijhawm ntev dua, nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm intro.ducing lub tswv yim ntawm ntau qhov chaw muaj (AZ) nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam muab.
Kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj hauv tsev architecture mus rau ib cheeb tsam qhia txog kev txwv ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv lub rooj vag thiab cov chaw cov ntaub ntawv chaw nyob.Piv txwv li, kom ntseeg tau tias tib neeg cov kev paub dhau los (los ntawm qhov kev pom latency), qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob deb ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv cov chaw (los ntawm ib lub rooj vag pej xeem) yuav tsum raug bounded.Lwm qhov kev xav yog tias qhov grey optical system tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev sib cuam tshuam lub cev sib txawv cov ntaub ntawv chaw nyob hauv tib thaj chaw.Nrog rau cov xwm txheej hauv siab, niaj hnub no lub platform coherent tsis haum rau DCI daim ntawv thov.
PAM4 modulation hom muab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, tsis tshua muaj hneev taw, thiab cov kev xaiv nrhiav pom ncaj qha.Los ntawm kev siv silicon photonics, ib lub tshuab nqa ob lub transceiver nrog PAM4 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) tau tsim, ua ke nrog kev sib koom ua ke cov teeb liab processor (DSP) thiab Kev kho qhov yuam kev rau pem hauv ntej (FEC).Thiab ntim rau hauv QSFP28 daim ntawv foos.Qhov kev hloov pauv tau hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tau DWDM kis tau tus mob dhau qhov sib txuas DCI, nrog 4 Tbps ib khub fiber ntau thiab 4.5 W ib 100G.
3.Silicon photonics thiab CMOS yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho kho qhov muag module
Kev sib xyaw ntawm silicon photonics rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm optics thiab high-speed silicon complementary hlau oxide semiconductors (CMOS) rau kev ua cov teeb liab yuav ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi qis, qis zog, hloov kho qhov muag modules.
Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm silicon photonic nti yog lub plawv ntawm lub pluggable module.Piv rau indium phosphide, silicon CMOS platform muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau wafer-theem optics ntawm loj 200 hli thiab 300 hli wafer qhov ntau thiab tsawg.Photodetectors nrog wavelengths ntawm 1300 nm thiab 1. tau tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv germanium epitaxy ntawm tus qauv silicon CMOS platform.Ntxiv rau, silicon dioxide thiab silicon nitride raws li cov khoom siv tau tuaj yeem ua ke los tsim cov khoom qis refractive index contrast thiab kub insensitive optical Cheebtsam.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab 2, qhov tso zis optical txoj kev ntawm silicon photonic nti muaj ib khub ntawm kev mus ncig yoj yoj Mach Zehnder modulators (MZM), ib qho rau txhua lub wavelength.Ob lub wavelength outputs ces muab tso rau ntawm ib nti siv ib qho kev sib xyaw 2: 1 interleaver, uas. ua raws li DWDM multiplexer.Qhov tib silicon MZM tuaj yeem siv tau hauv ob qho tib si NRZ thiab PAM4 cov qauv kev hloov pauv nrog cov cim tsav sib txawv.
Raws li cov kev cai bandwidth ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw network txuas ntxiv mus, Moore Txoj Cai xav tau kev nce qib hauv kev hloov chips.Qhov no yuav ua rau cov hloov pauv thiab router platforms kom tswj tau cov chip hauv paus parity thaum nce lub peev xwm ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj.Tom ntej no-tiam hloov chips yog tsim los rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm 400G.A qhov project hu ua 400ZR tau pib hauv Optical Internet Forum (OIF) txhawm rau tsim cov qauv kho qhov muag tom ntej DCI modules thiab tsim kom muaj ntau hom kev kho qhov muag rau cov neeg muag khoom.Lub tswv yim no zoo ib yam li WDM PAM4, tab sis txuas ntxiv los txhawb 400-Gbps cov cai.