Kamar yadda muka sani, masana'antar fasaha ta sami nasarori masu ban mamaki da yawa a cikin 2018, kuma za a sami dama daban-daban a cikin 2019, wanda aka daɗe ana jira. Babban jami'in fasaha na Inphi, Dokta Radha Nagarajan, ya yi imanin cewa cibiyar sadarwar bayanai mai sauri ta haɗa haɗin gwiwa. Kasuwar (DCI), daya daga cikin sassan masana'antar fasaha, kuma za ta canza a cikin 2019. Ga abubuwa uku da yake tsammanin faruwa a cibiyar bayanai a wannan shekara.
1.Rushewar yanki na cibiyoyin bayanai zai zama ruwan dare gama gari
Amfani da cibiyar bayanai yana buƙatar goyon bayan sararin samaniya mai yawa, ciki har da kayan aiki irin su wutar lantarki da sanyaya.Data cibiyar geo-decomposition za ta zama ruwan dare yayin da ya zama da wuya a gina manyan, ci gaba, manyan cibiyoyin bayanai. Rushewa yana da mahimmanci a cikin birni. wuraren da farashin kasa ya yi tsada.Manyan haɗin kai na bandwidth suna da mahimmanci don haɗa waɗannan cibiyoyin bayanai.
DCI- Campus:Waɗannan cibiyoyin bayanan galibi ana haɗa su tare, misali a cikin muhallin harabar.Yawancin nisa yana iyakance tsakanin kilomita 2 da 5. Dangane da samuwa na fiber, akwai kuma haɗin haɗin CWDM da DWDM a waɗannan nisa.
DCI-Edge:Irin wannan nau'in haɗin yana tsakanin kilomita 2 zuwa kilomita 120. Waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin suna da alaƙa da farko zuwa cibiyoyin bayanai da aka rarraba a cikin yankin kuma yawanci suna ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun latency. Zaɓuɓɓukan fasahar gani na DCI sun haɗa da gano kai tsaye da haɗin kai, duka biyu ana aiwatar da su ta amfani da DWDM. Tsarin watsawa a cikin fiber-optic C-band (192 THZ zuwa 196 THz taga) .Tsarin tsarin ganowa kai tsaye yana haɓaka haɓakawa, yana da tsarin ganowa mafi sauƙi, yana cinye ƙaramin ƙarfi, ƙarancin farashi, kuma yana buƙatar diyya ta watsawa ta waje a mafi yawan lokuta.Don 100 Gbps, 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), tsarin gano kai tsaye hanya ce mai tasiri mai tsada don aikace-aikacen DCI-Edge. Tsarin tsarin PAM4 yana da sau biyu na ƙarfin al'ada maras dawowa-zuwa-sifili (NRZ). Tsarin daidaitawa.Domin ƙarni na gaba na 400-Gbps (kowane tsawon zango) tsarin DCI, tsarin daidaitawa na 60-Gbaud, 16-QAM shine jagoran masu fafatawa.
DCI-Metro/Long Haul:Wannan nau'in fiber ya wuce DCI-Edge, tare da hanyar haɗin ƙasa har zuwa kilomita 3,000 da kuma tsayin bene na teku. Ana amfani da tsarin daidaitawa don wannan nau'in kuma nau'in na'ura na iya bambanta don nisa daban-daban. Hakanan yana da girma da daidaitawa, yana buƙatar laser oscillator na gida don ganowa, yana buƙatar sarrafa siginar dijital mai rikitarwa, yana cinye ƙarin ƙarfi, yana da tsayi mai tsayi, kuma ya fi tsada fiye da gano kai tsaye ko hanyoyin NRZ.
2.Cibiyar bayanai za ta ci gaba da bunkasa
Babban haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwar bandwidth yana da mahimmanci don haɗa waɗannan cibiyoyin bayanai. Tare da wannan a hankali, DCI-Campus, DCI-Edge da DCI-Metro / Long Haul cibiyoyin bayanan za su ci gaba da haɓaka.A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, filin DCI ya zama abin da aka mayar da hankali ga na kulawa da masu samar da tsarin DWDM na al'ada.Buƙatun girma na bandwidth na masu samar da sabis na girgije (CSPs) waɗanda ke samar da software-as-a-service (SaaS), dandamali-as-a-service (PaaS) da kuma abubuwan more rayuwa-as-a-sabis. Ƙarfin (IaaS) yana motsa tsarin tsarin gani daban-daban don haɗa cibiyoyin sadarwar cibiyar bayanai na CSP Layer switches da masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa. A yau, wannan yana buƙatar gudu a 100 Gbps.A cikin cibiyar bayanai, za a iya amfani da igiyoyin jan karfe (DAC) kai tsaye, kebul na gani mai aiki (AOC) ko 100G "grey" na gani za a iya amfani da su. Don haɗin kai zuwa wuraren cibiyar bayanai (aiki na harabar ko gefen / metro), zaɓin kawai wanda ke da. kawai kwanan nan da aka samu shine cikakken fasali, daidaitaccen tushen tsarin maimaita maimaitawa wanda yake mafi kyau.
Tare da sauye-sauye zuwa yanayin yanayin 100G, tsarin gine-ginen cibiyar sadarwar bayanai ya samo asali ne daga tsarin cibiyar bayanai na al'ada. Duk waɗannan wuraren cibiyoyin bayanai suna cikin babban guda ɗaya."babban cibiyar bayanai”harabar.Mafi yawan CSPs an haɗa su zuwa tsarin gine-ginen yanki da aka rarraba don cimma ma'aunin da ake buƙata da kuma samar da sabis na girgije sosai.
Wuraren cibiyar bayanai yawanci suna kusa da yankunan birni tare da yawan yawan jama'a don samar da mafi kyawun sabis (tare da jinkiri da samuwa) zuwa ga abokan ciniki na ƙarshe da ke kusa da waɗannan yankunan. Tsarin gine-ginen yanki ya bambanta tsakanin CSPs, amma ya ƙunshi ƙananan "ƙofofin" yanki na yanki. ko “Hubs”.Waɗannan “ƙofofin” ko “hubs” suna haɗe zuwa kashin baya na babban yankin cibiyar sadarwa ta CSP (WAN) (da kuma wuraren da za a iya amfani da su don tsara-tsara, jigilar abun ciki na gida ko jigilar ruwa).Wadannan “ ƙofofin kofofin” ko “hubs” suna haɗe zuwa kashin baya na CSP ta wide area network (WAN) (da kuma wuraren da za a iya amfani da su don tsara-zuwa-tsara, jigilar abun ciki na gida ko jigilar ruwa).Tunda yankin yana buƙatar faɗaɗawa, shi yana da sauƙi don siyan ƙarin kayan aiki da haɗa su zuwa ƙofa na yanki.Wannan yana ba da damar haɓaka cikin sauri da haɓaka yankin idan aka kwatanta da ƙarancin tsadar gina sabon babban cibiyar bayanai da tsawon lokacin gini, tare da ƙarin fa'idar intro.ducing manufar daban-daban samuwa yankunan (AZ) a cikin wani yanki da aka ba.
Sauyewa daga babban gine-ginen cibiyar bayanai zuwa yanki yana gabatar da ƙarin ƙuntatawa waɗanda dole ne a yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar ƙofa da wuraren cibiyoyin bayanai. Misali, don tabbatar da ƙwarewar abokin ciniki guda ɗaya (daga hangen nesa), matsakaicin nisa tsakanin kowane bayanai guda biyu. Dole ne a daure cibiyoyi (ta hanyar ƙofar jama'a). Wani abin la'akari kuma shine tsarin gani mai launin toka ba shi da inganci don haɗa gine-ginen cibiyar bayanai na zahiri a cikin yanki ɗaya.Tare da waɗannan abubuwan a zuciya, dandamali na yau da kullun bai dace da aikace-aikacen DCI ba.
Tsarin gyare-gyaren PAM4 yana ba da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙananan sawun ƙafa, da zaɓuɓɓukan ganowa kai tsaye.Ta hanyar amfani da silicon photonics, an ɓullo da transceiver mai ɗaukar hoto biyu tare da PAM4 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), yana haɗa haɗin haɗin siginar dijital (DSP) da Gyara kuskuren gaba (FEC) .Kuma ku haɗa shi cikin sigar QSFP28.Sakamakon sauya pluggable module zai iya yin watsa DWDM akan hanyar haɗin DCI na yau da kullun, tare da 4 Tbps kowane nau'in fiber biyu da 4.5 W a kowace 100G.
3.Silicon photonics da CMOS za su zama jigon ci gaban na'urorin gani
Haɗin silicon photonics don haɗaɗɗun na'urorin gani da sauri da siliki mai ƙarfi na ƙarin ƙarfe oxide semiconductor (CMOS) don sarrafa sigina zai taka rawa a cikin juyin halitta mai rahusa, ƙarancin ƙarfi, na'urorin gani masu sauyawa.
Haɗe-haɗen guntu photonic na siliki mai haɗaɗɗiya shine zuciyar module ɗin pluggable. Idan aka kwatanta da indium phosphide, dandamalin silicon CMOS yana iya shigar da matakan wafer-matakin gani a girman 200 mm da 300 mm girman wafer. Hotuna masu tsayi na 1300 nm da 1500 nm an gina su ta hanyar ƙara germanium epitaxy akan daidaitaccen dandamali na silicon CMOS. Bugu da ƙari, silicon dioxide da silicon nitride na tushen abubuwan da za a iya haɗawa don ƙirƙira ƙarancin juzu'in juzu'i da abubuwan da ba a kula da yanayin zafi ba.
A cikin hoto na 2, hanyar da aka fitar da na'urar gani ta siliki photonic guntu ta ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i na mach Zehnder modulators (MZM), ɗaya don kowane tsayin tsayin. yana aiki azaman multixer na DWDM. Ana iya amfani da MZM silicon guda ɗaya a cikin NRZ da PAM4 nau'ikan daidaitawa tare da siginar tuƙi daban-daban.
Yayin da buƙatun bandwidth na cibiyoyin sadarwa na cibiyar bayanai ke ci gaba da girma, Dokar Moore tana buƙatar ci gaba a sauya kwakwalwan kwamfuta.Wannan zai ba da damar dandamali na sauyawa da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa don kiyaye daidaiton guntu na guntu yayin haɓaka ƙarfin kowane tashar jiragen ruwa.An tsara na'urori masu sauyawa na gaba don kowane tashar jiragen ruwa na aikin 400G.A mai suna 400ZR an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin Dandalin Intanet na Optical (OIF). don daidaita tsarin DCI na gani na gaba na gaba da ƙirƙirar yanayin yanayin yanayi daban-daban don masu kaya.Wannan ra'ayi yayi kama da WDM PAM4, amma yana haɓaka don tallafawa buƙatun 400-Gbps.