Sezvatinoziva tese, indasitiri yetekinoroji yakawana zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshamisa muna 2018, uye pachave nemikana yakasiyana-siyana muna 2019, yakamirirwa kwenguva refu. Mukuru weTekinoroji weInphi, Dr. Radha Nagarajan, anotenda kuti iyo yepamusoro-speed data center inobatanidza. (DCI) musika, imwe yezvikamu zveindasitiri yehunyanzvi, ichachinjawo muna 2019. Heano zvinhu zvitatu zvaanotarisira kuti zviitike munzvimbo yedata gore rino.
1.Kuparara kwenzvimbo kwenzvimbo dzedata kuchawedzera kuwanda
Kushandiswa kweData centre kunoda nzvimbo yakawanda yekutsigira nzvimbo yemuviri, kusanganisira zvivakwa zvakadai sesimba uye kutonhora.Data centre geo-decomposition ichava yakawanda sezvainowedzera kuoma kuvaka nzvimbo huru, inoenderera mberi, yakakura yedata.Kuparara chinhu chinokosha muguta guru. nzvimbo dzine mitengo yevhu yakakwira.Yakakura bandwidth yekubatanidza yakakosha kubatanidza idzi data data.
DCI-Campus:Idzi nzvimbo dze data dzinowanzobatanidzwa pamwechete, semuenzaniso munharaunda yekambasi.Nharaunda yacho inowanzosvika pakati pe2 uye makiromita 5. Zvichienderana nekuwanika kwefiber, panewo kupindirana kweCWDM neDWDM links panzvimbo idzi.
DCI-Edge:Mhando iyi yekubatanidza inotangira kubva ku2 km kusvika ku120 km. Izvi zvinongedzo zvinonyanya kubatanidzwa kune akaparadzirwa data centers mukati menharaunda uye zvinowanzoenderana ne latency contraints.DCI optical technology options zvinosanganisira kuona zvakananga uye kubatana, zvose zviri zviviri zvinoshandiswa uchishandisa DWDM. transmission format mu fiber-optic C-band (192 THz kusvika 196 THz hwindo) .Yakananga yekuona modulation format is amplitude modulated, ine chirongwa chakareruka chekuona, inoshandisa simba rakaderera, mari shoma, uye inoda kunze kwekupararira muripo muzviitiko zvakawanda. 100 Gbps, 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), iyo yakananga yekuona fomati inzira inodhura yeDCI-Edge maapplication.Iyo PAM4 modulation fomati ine kaviri kugona kweiyo tsika isingadzoki-ku-zero (NRZ) modulation format.Kuchizvarwa chinotevera che400-Gbps (per wavelength) DCI systems, 60-Gbaud, 16-QAM yakabatana format ndiyo inokwikwidza.
DCI-Metro/Long Haul:Ichi chikamu che fiber chinopfuura DCI-Edge, ine pasi pasi inosvika makiromita 3,000 uye yakareba yegungwa pasi.A coherent modulation format inoshandiswa pachikwata ichi uye mhando yemodulation inogona kusiyana kune madaro akasiyana.Iyo inowirirana modulation format. iriwo amplitude uye phase modulated, inoda local oscillator lasers kuti ionekwe, inoda yakaoma digital signal processing, inoshandisa simba rakawanda, ine nguva yakareba, uye inodhura kudarika kuona zvakananga kana nzira dzeNRZ.
2.Iyo data data icharamba ichivandudza
Huru bandwidth interconnects inokosha pakubatanidza idzi data centers.Neizvi mupfungwa, DCI-Campus, DCI-Edge uye DCI-Metro / Long Haul data centers icharamba ichikura.Mumakore mashomanana adarika, munda weDCI wakava chinangwa. yekutarisisa kwevanopa zvechinyakare DWDM system suppliers.Iyo inokura bandwidth zvinodiwa zve cloud service providers (CSPs) inopa software-as-a-service (SaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS) uye zvivako-se-sevhisi. (IaaS) masimba ari kutyaira akasiyana optical masisitimu ekubatanidza CSP data center network Layer switch uye ma routers.Nhasi, izvi zvinoda kumhanya pa100 Gbps.Mukati me data data, yakananga-yakabatanidzwa mhangura (DAC) cabling, inoshanda optical cable (AOC) kana 100G "grey" optics inogona kushandiswa.Nekuda kwekubatanidza kune data center zvivako (campus kana edge / metro applications), iyo chete sarudzo ine ichangoburwa ichangoburwa izere-inoratidzwa, yakabatana-yakavakirwa inodzokorora-yakavakirwa nzira iyo iri-yakanyanya kunaka.
Nekuchinja kune 100G ecosystem, iyo data center network architecture yakashanduka kubva kune imwe tsika yekare data data.“nzvimbo huru yedata”campus.Mazhinji maCSP akasanganiswa kune yakagoverwa nharaunda yezvivakwa kuti iwane chikero chinodiwa uye nekupa inowanikwa zvakanyanya makore masevhisi.
Nzvimbo dzeData centre dzinowanzowanikwa pedyo nenzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzine huwandu hwevanhu vakawanda kuti dzipe basa rakanakisisa (nekunonoka uye kuwanikwa) kune vatengi vekupedzisira vari pedyo nenzvimbo idzi.Mavakirwo ematunhu akasiyana zvishoma pakati peCSPs, asi ane "masuwo" edunhu asina basa. kana “hubs”. “Magedhi” kana “hubs” aya akabatana neCSP's wide area network (WAN) musana (uye nzvimbo dzepamucheto dzinogona kushandiswa pavezera-kune-vezera, zvekufambisa zvemukati kana kutakura zvifambiso zvepasi pemvura). Aya “ magedhi” kana “hubs” akabatana neCSP's wide area network (WAN) musana (uye nzvimbo dzemupendero dzinogona kushandiswa kune vezera-kune-vezera, zvekutakurwa kwezvinhu zvemunharaunda kana kutakura kwepasi pemvura). Sezvo nzvimbo inoda kuwedzerwa, iyo zviri nyore kutenga zvimwe zvivakwa uye kuzvibatanidza kune gedhi redunhu.Izvi zvinobvumira kukurumidza kuwedzera uye kukura kwenzvimbo kana ichienzaniswa nemutengo wakakwira wekuvaka nzvimbo huru yedata data uye nguva yakareba yekuvaka, pamwe nekubatsirwa kwakawedzerwa kwenhanganyaya.kuburitsa pfungwa yenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinowanikwa (AZ) munzvimbo yakapihwa.
Kuchinja kubva kune yakakura data data architecture kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo inotanga zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza gedhi uye data centre nzvimbo nzvimbo.Semuyenzaniso, kuve nechokwadi chechiitiko chevatengi chakafanana (kubva pakuona kwe latency), kureba kukuru pakati pe data mbiri. nzvimbo (kuburikidza negedhi revanhu) inofanira kunge yakasungirirwa.Imwe kufunga ndeyokuti grey optical system haina kunyatsoshanda kuti ibatanidze zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvepa data mukati meiyo nzvimbo yenzvimbo.Nezvinhu izvi mupfungwa, yanhasi yakabatana puratifomu haina kukodzera DCI application.
Iyo PAM4 modulation fomati inopa yakaderera simba rekushandisa, yakaderera tsoka, uye yakananga yekuona sarudzo.Nekushandisa silicon photonics, dual-carrier transceiver ine PAM4 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) yakagadzirwa, ichibatanidza yakabatanidzwa digital signal processor (DSP) uye mberi kukanganisa kururamisa (FEC) .Uye ipake iyo muQSFP28 fomu factor.Iyo inokonzeresa switch pluggable module inogona kuita DWDM kutapurirana pane yakajairika DCI link, ine 4 Tbps pafiber pair uye 4.5 W pa100G.
3.Silicon photonics uye CMOS ichave musimboti weOptical module kuvandudza
Iko kusanganiswa kwesilicon photonics yeakanyanya kusanganiswa optics uye yakakwirira-kumhanya silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) yekugadziriswa kwemasaini ichaita basa mukushanduka kwemutengo wakaderera, wakaderera-simba, switchable optical modules.
Iyo yakanyatsobatanidzwa yesilicon photonic chip ndiyo mwoyo we pluggable module.Ichienzanisa ne indium phosphide, silicon CMOS platform inokwanisa kupinda wafer-level optics pahukuru 200 mm uye 300 mm wafer sizes. Photodetectors ine wavelengths ye1300 nm uye 1500 nm dzakavakwa nekuwedzera germanium epitaxy pane yakajairwa silicon CMOS papuratifomu.Kuwedzera, silicon dioxide uye silicon nitride yakavakirwa zvikamu zvinogona kubatanidzwa kugadzira yakaderera refractive index kusiyanisa uye tembiricha insensitive optical components.
Mumufananidzo 2, nzira inobuda yesilicon photonic chip ine mafungu maviri ekufambisa Mach Zehnder modulators (MZM), imwe yewavelength imwe neimwe. inoshanda seDWDM multiplexer.Silicon MZM yakafanana inogona kushandiswa muNRZ uye PAM4 modulation formats ine zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemotokari.
Sezvo izvo zvinodikanwa zvebandwidth zve data center network zvichiramba zvichikura, Mutemo waMoore unoda kufambira mberi mukuchinja machipisi.Izvi zvichagonesa switch uye router mapuratifomu kuchengetedza switch chip base parity uku ichiwedzera huwandu hwechiteshi chega chega.Next-generation switch chips dzakagadzirirwa chiteshi chega chega che400G.A chirongwa chinonzi 400ZR chakatangwa muOptical Internet Forum (OIF) kuenzanisa chizvarwa chinotevera optical DCI modules uye kugadzira yakasiyana-siyana optical ecosystem kune vatengesi.Iyi pfungwa yakafanana neWDM PAM4, asi inowedzera kutsigira 400-Gbps zvinodiwa.