Njengoba sonke sazi, imboni yezobuchwepheshe izuze izimpumelelo eziningi ezingajwayelekile ngo-2018, futhi kuzoba namathuba ahlukahlukene ngo-2019, obekukade kulindelwe.Isikhulu sezobuchwepheshe sakwa-Inphi, uDkt. Radha Nagarajan, ukholelwa ukuthi isikhungo sedatha esinesivinini esikhulu sixhumanisa. (DCI) imakethe, enye yezingxenye zemboni yezobuchwepheshe, izophinde ishintshe ngo-2019. Nazi izinto ezintathu azilindele ukuthi zenzeke esikhungweni sedatha kulo nyaka.
1.Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo yezikhungo zedatha kuzovama kakhulu
Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhungo sedatha kudinga ukwesekwa okukhulu kwendawo ebonakalayo, okuhlanganisa nengqalasizinda efana namandla nokupholisa.Isikhungo sedatha i-geo-decomposition izoba yinto evamile njengoba kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukwakha izikhungo zedatha ezinkulu, eziqhubekayo, ezinkulu.Ukubola kuyisihluthulelo sedolobha elikhulu. izindawo lapho amanani omhlaba ephezulu.Ukuxhumana komkhawulokudonsa omkhulu kubalulekile ekuxhumeni lezi zikhungo zedatha.
I-DCI-Campus:Lezi zikhungo zedatha zivame ukuxhunywa ndawonye, isibonelo endaweni yekhampasi.Ibanga ngokuvamile lilinganiselwe phakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-5. Kuye ngokutholakala kwefayibha, kukhona futhi ukugqagqana kwezixhumanisi ze-CWDM ne-DWDM kulawa mabanga.
I-DCI-Edge:Lolu hlobo lokuxhuma lusuka ku-2 km kuya ku-120 km. Lezi zixhumanisi ngokuyinhloko zixhunywe ezikhungweni zedatha ezisabalalisiwe ngaphakathi kwendawo futhi ngokuvamile zingaphansi kwemingcele yokubambezeleka.Izinketho zobuchwepheshe be-DCI optical zihlanganisa ukutholwa okuqondile nokuhambisana, kokubili okusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa i-DWDM. Ifomethi yokudlulisa nge-fiber-optic C-band (192 THz kuya ku-196 THz ifasitela).Ifomethi yokutholwa okuqondile yokuguqula i-amplitude ishintshiwe, inohlelo lokubona olulula, isebenzisa amandla aphansi, izindleko eziphansi, futhi idinga isinxephezelo sokuhlakazeka kwangaphandle ezimweni eziningi.Ngoba 100 Gbps, 4-level 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), ifomethi yokuthola ngokuqondile iyindlela engabizi kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-DCI-Edge.Ifomethi yokushintshashintsha ye-PAM4 inomthamo ophindwe kabili wendabuko engabuyeli-ku-zero (NRZ) ifomethi yokushintshashintsha.Esizukulwaneni esilandelayo samasistimu e-DCI angu-400-Gbps (ubude beza ngalinye), ifomethi ehambisanayo ye-60-Gbaud, 16-QAM iyimbangi ehamba phambili.
I-DCI-Metro/Long Haul:Lesi sigaba sefayibha singaphezu kwe-DCI-Edge, enesixhumanisi esiphansi esingafika kumakhilomitha angu-3,000 kanye nephansi lolwandle elide.Ifomethi yokushintshashintsha ehambisanayo isetshenziswa kulesi sigaba futhi uhlobo lokuguquguquka lungahluka kumabanga ahlukene.Ifomethi yokuguquguquka ehambisanayo futhi i-amplitude nesigaba ishintshiwe, idinga ama-laser oscillator wendawo ukuze ibonwe, idinga ukucubungula isignali yedijithali eyinkimbinkimbi, isebenzisa amandla amaningi, inobubanzi obude, futhi ibiza kakhulu kunokutholwa okuqondile noma izindlela ze-NRZ.
2.Isikhungo sedatha sizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka
Izixhumi ezinkulu ze-bandwidth zibalulekile ekuxhumaniseni lezi zikhungo zedatha.Ngalokhu engqondweni, izikhungo zedatha ye-DCI-Campus, i-DCI-Edge kanye ne-DCI-Metro/Long Haul zizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka.Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inkambu ye-DCI isigxilwe ukunakwa kwabahlinzeki bezinhlelo ze-DWDM bendabuko.Izidingo zomkhawulokudonsa ezikhulayo zabahlinzeki besevisi yamafu (CSPs) abahlinzeka ngesofthiwe-njengesevisi (i-SaaS), inkundla-njengesevisi (i-PaaS) kanye nengqalasizinda-njengesevisi (IaaS) amandla ashayela amasistimu ahlukene okubona ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi esikhungo sedatha ye-CSP Amaswishi ezendlalelo namarutha.Namuhla, lokhu kudinga ukusebenza ku-100 Gbps.Ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha, ikhebula ye-copper enamathiselwe ngokuqondile (i-DAC), ikhebula elikhanyayo elisebenzayo (AOC) noma i-100G “grey” optics ingasetshenziswa.Ngoxhumano lwezikhungo zesikhungo sedatha (ikhampasi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-metro), ukuphela kwendlela esanda kutholakala indlela enesici esigcwele, esekwe ngokuhambisanayo ephindaphindayo esezingeni eliphansi.
Ngokushintshela ku-100G ecosystem, ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yesikhungo sedatha iye yavela kumodeli yesikhungo sedatha evamile.Zonke lezi zikhungo zesikhungo sedatha zitholakala endaweni eyodwa enkulu.“isikhungo esikhulu sedatha”Ikhampasi.Ama-CSP amaningi ahlanganiswe nesakhiwo sendawo esabalalisiwe ukuze kufinyelelwe esikalini esidingekayo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zamafu ezitholakala kakhulu.
Izindawo zesikhungo sedatha ngokuvamile zitholakala eduze nezindawo zamadolobha anabantu abaningi ukuze zinikeze isevisi engcono kakhulu (ngokubambezeleka nokutholakala) kumakhasimende ekugcineni aseduze kakhulu nalezi zindawo. Isakhiwo sesifunda sihluke kancane phakathi kwama-CSP, kodwa siqukethe “amasango” esifunda angenamsebenzi. noma “amahabhu”.Lawa “masango” noma “amahabhu” axhunywe kumgogodla wenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (WAN) ye-CSP (kanye nezingosi ezingase zisetshenziselwe ukuhlangana kontanga, ukuthutha okuqukethwe kwendawo noma ukuthutha ngaphansi kolwandle).Lezi “ amasango” noma “amahabhu” axhunywe kumgogodla wenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (WAN) ye-CSP (kanye nezingosi ezingase zisetshenziselwe kontanga ukuya kontanga, ezokuthutha okuqukethwe kwendawo noma ezokuthutha ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle). Njengoba indawo idinga ukunwetshwa, idinga ukunwetshwa. kulula ukuthola izinsiza ezengeziwe futhi uzixhume esangweni lesifunda.Lokhu kuvumela ukwanda okusheshayo nokukhula kwendawo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zokwakha isikhungo sedatha esikhulu esisha kanye nesikhathi eside sokwakha, ngenzuzo eyengeziwe yesingeniso.ukudambisa umqondo wezindawo ezitholakalayo ezahlukahlukene (AZ) endaweni ethile.
Ushintsho olusuka esakhiweni sesikhungo sedatha esikhulu ukuya endaweni sethula izithiyo ezengeziwe okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa indawo yesango nesikhungo sedatha.Isibonelo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulwazi olufanayo lwekhasimende (ngokombono wokubambezeleka), ibanga eliphakeme phakathi kwanoma iyiphi idatha emibili. izikhungo (ngesango lomphakathi) kufanele ziboshwe.Okunye ukucatshangelwa ukuthi isistimu yokubona empunga ayisebenzi kahle ukuthi ingaxhuma izakhiwo zesikhungo sedatha ezihlukile ngaphakathi kwendawo efanayo.Unalezi zici engqondweni, inkundla yanamuhla ehambisanayo ayizifanele izicelo ze-DCI.
Ifomethi yokushintshashintsha ye-PAM4 inikeza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, unyawo oluphansi, nezinketho zokutholwa okuqondile. Ngokusebenzisa i-silicon photonics, i-transceiver ethwala izinto ezimbili ene-PAM4 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) yathuthukiswa, yahlanganisa iphrosesa yesignali yedijithali ehlanganisiwe (DSP) kanye dlulisela phambili iphutha lokulungiswa (FEC).Futhi ukupakishe kusici sefomu le-QSFP28.Imojula ye-switch pluggable ewumphumela ingenza ukudluliselwa kwe-DWDM ngesixhumanisi esivamile se-DCI, ngo-4 Tbps ngepheya ye-fiber ngayinye kanye no-4.5 W nge-100G ngayinye.
3.I-Silicon photonics kanye ne-CMOS kuzoba umnyombo wokuthuthukiswa kwemojula yokubona
Inhlanganisela ye-silicon photonics yama-optics ahlanganiswe kakhulu kanye ne-silicon ehambisana ne-high-speedary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) yokucubungula isignali izodlala indima ekuthuthukisweni kwamamojula okusebenza ashibhile, anamandla aphansi, ashintshwayo.
I-silicon photonic chip edidiyelwe kakhulu iyinhliziyo yemojula exhumekeka kalula.Uma iqhathaniswa ne-indium phosphide, inkundla ye-silicon CMOS iyakwazi ukungena ku-wafer-level optics kumasayizi ama-wafer amakhulu angu-200 mm no-300 mm. zakhiwe ngokungeza i-germanium epitaxy ku-platform ye-silicon CMOS evamile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon dioxide ne-silicon nitride esekelwe izingxenye zingahlanganiswa ukuze zenze umehluko ophansi we-refractive index kanye nezingxenye ze-optical ezingazweli izinga lokushisa.
Emfanekisweni wesi-2, indlela yokubona ephumayo ye-silicon photonic chip iqukethe amamojula ahambayo e-Mach Zehnder (MZM), eyodwa ngobude begagasi ngalinye. isebenza njenge-multiplexer ye-DWDM.I-silicon MZM efanayo ingasetshenziswa kuwo womabili amafomethi wokumodulation we-NRZ kanye ne-PAM4 ngamasignali ahlukene okushayela.
Njengoba izidingo zomkhawulokudonsa wamanethiwekhi esikhungo sedatha ziqhubeka nokukhula, uMthetho kaMoore udinga intuthuko ekushintsheni ama-chip.Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi i-switch kanye nezinkundla zomzila zigcine ukulingana kwesisekelo se-chip ngenkathi kukhulisa umthamo wembobo ngayinye.Ama-switch chips esizukulwane esilandelayo aklanyelwe imbobo ngayinye yephrojekthi ye-400G.A ebizwa ngokuthi i-400ZR yethulwa ku-Optical Internet Forum (OIF) ukumisa amamojula esizukulwane esilandelayo optical DCI futhi udale i-optical ecosystem ehlukahlukene yabahlinzeki.Lo mqondo ufana ne-WDM PAM4, kodwa unwebeka ukuze usekele izidingo ze-400-Gbps.