一.Freight forwarder mari dzakasiyana-siyana dzinofanirwa kuziva nevaridzi
Mukuwedzera kune "chakachena" kutakura, kune zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, zvimwe zvacho zvinobhadharwa nemuridzi wechikepe uye zvimwe zvacho ndezvokutumira .Inounganidzwa nechiteshi chengarava / chiteshi chengarava, uye zvimwe zvinounganidzwa neanoendesa mberi pachake.Uyezve, mari zhinji hadzina kunyorwa zvakajeka .Accurate, very flexible.Zvimwe zvikwereti zvichabhadharwa kune consignee kuwedzera kune mutakuri.Izvi zvinogona kuburitsa zviri nyore muteyo weA: imwe mumiriri wekutakura zvinhu kuunganidza mari yakawanda pasi pekunyepedzera kwenhema, 2 mumiririri wekutakura zvinhu kugadzirisa pakati pemutumwa nemutumwa, kuendesa Chikamu chemutengo.
Kazhinji, mutakuri anotarisa kune anotakura zvinhu, mutakuri ndiye mutengi, anotakura zvinhu anoedza kudzikisa mutengo kuti afadze mutakuri, ochaja zvishoma, uye kuchiteshi chezvikepe kunochaja vatengi (consignee) mari yakawanda, kubira. Petro kubhadhara Pauro, uye zvakasiyana.ichi ndicho chikonzero mari yezvinhu zvakafanana ichave yakaderera kana tikawana anoendesa mberi paCIF.MuFOB, anoendesa mberi anogadzwa nemutengi, zviitiko zveRMB zvakakwira zvakanyanya.
Tichiziva chokwadi ichi, hatifanirwe kuchiva kutengeserana kwechinguvana nekufunga kuti kuderera kwemutengo, kuri nani.Asi zvinofanirwa kuve zvakakosha kutanga waona kuumbwa kwemutengo, kudzivirira vamwe vakaipa vanotakura zvinhu mushure mekutumira mari dzechimbichimbi kana kuendeswa kune vatengi, zvichitikanganisa nevatengi rudo uye kubatana.
Chekutanga, isu tichava nekumwe kunzwisisa kwekuumbwa kwekutakura uye mari inodhura, dzidza kusiyanisa "mitemo" yekuchaja zvinhu uye kubhadharisa zvisina hurongwa.
Zvinowanzoitika zvinosanganisira:
二.CIC mari
Muripo weCIC ndiwo chidimbu che "Container Inbalance Charge", yakashandurwawo se "mubhadharo wezvekushandisa", muripo weCIC uyu unonyanya kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvinotevera:
1. Kusiyana kwemwaka mukufambiswa kwekutakura zvinhu mumigwagwa yepasi rose kunokonzera kusaenzana mukuyerera kwekutakura zvinhu: Nyika dzekuMadokero dzinowanzova nekutakura zvinhu pakutanga kwegore, Mumwaka wekunze wekutakura, huwandu hwemabhokisi hunokwira zvishoma nezvishoma muna Kubvumbi naChivabvu. , uye huwandu hwekutengeserana hunotanga kuwedzera, uye huchatungamirira kutengeserana pamberi peKisimusi kukwira kuduku muhuwandu.
2. Kusaenzana kwekutengeserana pakati penyika kana matunhu ari kumagumo enzira: China nedzimwe nyika dzekuEast Asia dzinotumira kunze zvinhu zvakawanda kuEurope pane kubva kuEurope zvinhu zvinounzwa kuChina nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekuEast Asia, nzira yeFar East North America inewo zvakafanana. matambudziko makuru.
3. Misiyano yemhando uye chimiro chekupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika, pamwe nekusiyana kwemitengo yekutakura uye yekubata, kunokonzerawo kusaenzana kwemidziyo yekupinza uye kunze.
三.CFF Fees
A CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION (CFS) inzvimbo yekubata LCL.Inobata kuendeswa kweLCL uye kugoverwa kweLCL.Mushure mekurodha, mabhokisi anozotumirwa kuCY (Container Yard) uye zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichapihwa neCY bhokisi, kuburitsa, kurongedza, kuchengeta, uye pakupedzisira kugovera kune mumwe nemumwe mutumwa.Panguva imwecheteyo inogonawo kutumirwa nemutakuri kuti asimbise uye abudise maresiti echiteshi uye zvichingodaro.
Mari dzeCFS dzinowanzoverengerwa pamativi mana.Nekuti CFS ndiyo mutengo weLCL, iri pachiteshi chekutakura uye pachiteshi chekuenda.Pasi pemashoko eFOB, CFS yakanyorwa zvakasiyana uye inobhadhariswa kune mutengesi kana fekitari.Sezvo FOB iri yekutakura zvinhu, chiteshi chekutakura hachisanganisirwe mumutengo wekutakura.Pasi pemitemo yeCIF, takura muripo weCFS pachiteshi chekutakura wakabatanidzwa mumutengo wekutakura wegungwa wakashumwa kwauri neanoendesa mberi, saka CFS haizounganidzwa pachiteshi chekutakura.asi vatengesi vachiri kufanira kubhadhara mari dzavo dzeCFS pachiteshi chengarava.
四.EBS mari
Emerent Bunker Kuchinja.Mutengo uyu unowanzo kukonzerwa nemitengo yemafuta epasi rose inoramba ichikwira, kupfuura kugona kwevaridzi vezvikepe kutakura, saka varidzi vezvikepe mumusika havana simba, havakwanise kuwedzera gungwa rekutakura zvinhu, kuitira kuderedza mutengo wekurasikirwa, uye kuwedzera. mutengo.
Isu tinoda kubhadhara EBS mubhadharo weFOB?Mhinduro ndeyokuti kwete, EBS mubhadharo wekuwedzera wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa, kwete yeFOB yemuno muripo, saka vatengi havafanirwe kubhadhara mari yeEBS pakuita FOB.Nekudaro, parizvino mamwe makambani ekutumira isu hatigone kuwana mutengo kubva kumutengi, saka tinoendesa EBS kumutengi weFOB, kana mutengi akasangana nekambani yekutumira kana kutakura zvinhu kana mumiririri akakumbira kutora mari yeEBS, anogona edza kutaurirana nemutengi uye kumbira mutengi kuti atakure mari.
五.Muripo wemuno
六.Mari inotakurwa pakati penzira dzakawanda dzekutengeserana
1.Ex Works (EXW=Ex Works) :
Nzvimbo yekutumira: fekitori kana dura rekutengesa kunze kwenyika;Kutakura: mutoro wemutengi;Inishuwarenzi: mutoro wemutengi;Export ruoko runoenderera mberi: Basa remutengi;Kupinza zvimiro: mutoro wemutengi.
2. FOB=Yemahara paBoard:
Nzvimbo yekutumira: Port yekutumira;Kutakura: mutoro wemutengi;Inishuwarenzi: mutoro wemutengi;Export maitiro: mutoro wemutengesi;Kupinza zvimiro: mutoro wemutengi.
3.Cost+ Freight +Insurance, CIF=Cost+Insurance+Freight
Nzvimbo yekutumira: Port yekutumira;Kutakura: mutoro wemutengesi;Inishuwarenzi: mutoro wemutengesi;Export maitiro: mutoro wemutengesi;Kupinza zvimiro: mutoro wemutengesi.
4.Mutengo uye Kutakura (CFR=Mutengo+Kutakura) :
Nzvimbo yekutumira: Port yekutumira;Kutakura: mutoro wemutengesi;Inishuwarenzi: mutoro wemutengi;Export maitiro: mutoro wemutengesi;Kupinda muchiteshi chengarava: mutengi ane mutoro .